Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas A. Koemel, Alistair M. Senior, Hasthi U. Dissanayake, Jason Ross, Rowena L. McMullan, Yang Kong, Melinda Phang, Jon Hyett, David Raubenheimer, Adrienne Gordon, Stephen J. Simpson, Michael R. Skilton
Summary: This study found an association between maternal dietary fat class composition and epigenetic aging in newborns. There are complex interactive relationships between different fat classes. The study also demonstrates a potential beneficial association of omega-3 fatty acids with newborn epigenetic age acceleration.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Runyu Zou, Hanan El Marroun, Trudy Voortman, Manon Hillegers, Tonya White, Henning Tiemeier
Summary: This study found that maternal omega-3 PUFA concentrations during pregnancy are associated with child brain development, while omega-6 concentrations are not related to child brain morphology.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Somaya Naser El Deen, Klaas van Rozen, Hellen Elissen, Piet van Wikselaar, Istvan Fodor, Rommie van der Weide, Elise Federica Hoek-van den Hil, Arya Rezaei Far, Teun Veldkamp
Summary: This study assessed the growth and waste conversion of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared on different waste streams. The results showed that fast food waste was the most suitable substrate for BSFL, leading to the highest larval growth and waste conversion efficiency. Slaughter waste, pig manure, and mushroom stems also showed good potential for conversion. BSFL are considered a commercially viable solution for global organic waste problems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dennis Khodasevich, Nina Holland, Alan Hubbard, Kim Harley, Julianna Deardorff, Brenda Eskenazi, Andres Cardenas
Summary: This study investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to 11 phthalate metabolites on epigenetic aging in children. The results suggest that certain phthalates are associated with epigenetic aging in children, and the effect may vary depending on sex and timing of measurement.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Dan Liu, N. Ahmad Aziz, Elvire Nadieh Landstra, Monique M. B. Breteler
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between complex lipids and DNA methylation-based metrics of biological aging and found specific lipid molecular species associated with human biological aging. Higher levels of certain lipid species were linked to faster biological aging, while higher levels of other lipid species were associated with slower biological aging. The findings also revealed the importance of the chain length and composition of fatty acids in these lipid species in regulating biological aging.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fanyu Meng, Therese Uniacke-Lowe, Elisa Lanfranchi, Grainne Meehan, Carol-Anne O'Shea, Theresa Dennehy, Anthony C. Ryan, Catherine Stanton, Alan L. Kelly
Summary: This study investigated the changes in macronutrients, fatty acids, and plasmin activities in term milk over the first six months of lactation. The results showed that protein and plasmin activities were significantly influenced by lactation stage, while levels of fat and carbohydrate were not. Among fatty acids, caproic acid and alpha-linolenic acid increased significantly, while arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid decreased during the six months after birth. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and infant gender also had significant impacts on fatty acid profiles.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Runyu Zou, Jeremy A. Labrecque, Sonja A. Swanson, Eric A. P. Steegers, Tonya White, Hanan El Marroun, Henning Tiemeier
Summary: Dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs), primarily found in industrially produced processed food, have a negative impact on cardiometabolic health. Little is known about the association between TFA exposure during pregnancy and brain development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal TFA concentration on offspring head growth. The findings showed an inverse relationship between maternal TFA concentration during pregnancy and fetal head circumference in the third trimester, as well as fetal head circumference growth from the second to the third trimester.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jerusa da Mota Santana, Marcos Pereira, Gisele Queiroz Carvalho, Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos, Ana Marlucia Oliveira
Summary: This study found that plasma levels of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids during pregnancy are associated with weight gain. Women with higher ARA/LA ratio (ω-6) and lower levels of α-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and EPA/ALA ratio (ω-3) had the greatest weight gain.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paula de Prado-Bert, Carlos Ruiz-Arenas, Marta Vives-Usano, Sandra Andrusaityte, Solene Cadiou, Angel Carracedo, Maribel Casas, Leda Chatzi, Payam Dadvand, Juan R. Gonzalez, Regina Grazuleviciene, Kristine B. Gutzkow, Line S. Haug, Carles Hernandez-Ferrer, Hector C. Keun, Johanna Lepeule, Lea Maitre, Rosie McEachan, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Dolors Pelegri, Oliver Robinson, Remy Slama, Marina Vafeiadi, Jordi Sunyer, Martine Vrijheid, Mariona Bustamante
Summary: The study investigated the association between over 100 prenatal and childhood exposures and epigenetic age acceleration in 7-year-old children. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood exposure to indoor particulate matter absorbance (PMabs) were nominally associated with increased age acceleration, while exposure to organic pesticide and persistent pollutant were protective. None of the associations remained significant after multiple-testing correction.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Letizia Li Piani, Paola Vigano', Edgardo Somigliana
Summary: The increasing global life expectancy has led to more research on aging. Biological age, which takes into account both intrinsic and environmental factors, has gained more attention compared to chronological age. Epigenetic clocks, which are based on DNA methylation patterns and can estimate biological age, have gained significant attention in fertility research, particularly in terms of the relationship between epigenetic aging and women's infertility. Understanding this relationship may provide valuable insights into infertility mechanisms and pregnancy outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Carolina Borges, Philip C. Haycock, Jie Zheng, Gibran Hemani, Michael Holmes, George Davey Smith, Aroon D. Hingorani, Deborah A. Lawlor
Summary: Despite early interest in the health effects of PUFA, there is still controversy and uncertainty regarding the link between PUFA and CVDs. This study used Mendelian randomization to investigate the effect of plasma PUFA concentration on the risk of CVDs and found no protective role of PUFA.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Peter D. Ahiawodzi, Jeremy D. Furtado, Kenneth J. Mukamal
Summary: The results of this randomized crossover trial indicate that the macronutrient content differences in healthy diets have little effect on the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs).
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karla MacDonald-Ramos, Alejandra Martinez-Ibarra, Adriana Monroy, Juan Miranda-Rios, Marco Cerbon
Summary: Dietary fatty acids play crucial roles in metabolic diseases and inflammation, with diverse effects on miRNA expression. Recent studies have shown that high fat ketogenic diets do not increase saturated fat content in the serum and are not associated with increased inflammation. Further research is needed to explore the complex interactions and potential therapeutic applications of DFAs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Marta Vazquez-Gomez, Consolacion Garcia-Contreras, Susana Astiz, Laura Torres-Rovira, Jose Luis Pesantez-Pacheco, Ana Heras-Molina, Teresa Castro Madrigal, Clemente Lopez-Bote, Cristina Ovilo, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes, Beatriz Isabel
Summary: Nutritional strategies during pregnancy, such as amino acid supplementation with glutamine, are important for improving swine production outcomes. However, the effects of prenatal supplementation on traditional swine breeds, such as Iberian pigs, are complex and require further research to fully understand and optimize their outcomes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ling-Jun Li, Ruochen Du, Marion Ouidir, Ruijin Lu, Zhen Chen, Natalie L. Weir, Michael Y. Tsai, Paul S. Albert, Cuilin Zhang
Summary: Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) during pregnancy have an impact on metabolic programming and fetal growth. In this study, plasma phospholipid SFAs were measured in early pregnancy and fetal growth was monitored. It was found that even-chain and very long even-chain SFAs were negatively associated, while odd-chain SFAs were positively associated with fetal weight and size. Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) in the highest tertile showed a greater fetal weight and size compared to the lowest tertile. These findings suggest the potential use of an alternative high-fat diet rich in odd-chain SFAs for optimal fetal growth.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Rina Fyfe, Alice Burton, Andrew McLennan, Lucy McCudden, Adrienne Gordon, Jon Hyett
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between cord blood leptin levels and neonatal and maternal factors. The results show that cord leptin levels are influenced by multiple factors and can be adjusted for normal population variation. Further studies are needed to determine whether monitoring or intervention is necessary for fetuses with polarized leptin levels.
JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hasthi U. Dissanayake, Rowena L. McMullan, Yang Kong, Ian D. Caterson, David S. Celermajer, Melinda Phang, Camille Raynes-Greenow, Jaimie W. Polson, Adrienne Gordon, Michael R. Skilton
Summary: Infants born late preterm have differences in vascular health and cardiac autonomic control compared to term-born infants, with lower aortic wall thickness and lower heart rate variability. These differences may increase their risk of hypertension and sudden cardiac death.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kirsty M. Mckenzie, Reeja Nasir, Yang Kong, Hasthi U. Dissanayake, Rowena McMullan, Adrienne Gordon, Alice Meroni, Melinda Phang, Michael R. Skilton
Summary: Evidence from animal models suggests that maternal diet during pregnancy may affect offspring cardiometabolic health. However, in healthy pregnancies, neither the quantity nor quality of maternal carbohydrate intake appears to have a significant impact on newborn aortic intima-medial thickness, except for fiber intake in overweight or obese women. The effect of carbohydrate quality may be more pronounced in high-risk pregnancies.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kirsty M. McKenzie, Crystal My Lee, Jovana Mijatovic, Marjan Mosalman Haghighi, Michael R. Skilton
Summary: The systematic review found that medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil had no significant effects on blood lipid levels, with no significant impact on total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol, but did cause a slight increase in triglycerides.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Roslyn Muirhead, Nathalie Kizirian, Ravin Lal, Kirsten Black, Ann Prys-Davies, Natasha Nassar, Louise Baur, Amanda Sainsbury, Arianne Sweeting, Tania Markovic, Michael Skilton, Jon Hyett, Bradley de Vries, William Tarnow-Mordi, Jennie Brand-Miller, Adrienne Gordon
Summary: The study compared the effectiveness of using partial meal replacement programs and conventional dietary advice for pre-conception weight loss, finding that women using meal replacements lost an average of 5.4% body weight over 10 weeks, which was higher than those receiving traditional dietary advice. Additionally, women using meal replacements were more likely to achieve pregnancy within 12 months after the 10-week intervention.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jineel H. Raythatha, Harleen Aulakh, Stephen Yang, Calvin Mok, S. Soundappan
Summary: The Pediatric Age-adjusted Shock Index (SIPA) in combination with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) can better predict the outcomes of trauma patients, especially when calculated upon arrival. Combining SIPA with GCS has potential clinical applications for predicting the occurrence of major trauma and other clinical conditions.
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jason P. Ross, Susan van Dijk, Melinda Phang, Michael R. Skilton, Peter L. Molloy, Yalchin Oytam
Summary: Despite various preprocessing methods, some batch-effects persist in Illumina Infinium Methylation data, associated with the date of processing, individual glass slide, and position of the array on the slide. Batch-effect workflows are useful but need to be applied carefully in order to reduce technical variance in epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS).
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shuang Liang, Ang Li, Michael R. Skilton
Summary: This study aimed to develop and validate a panel of biomarkers that reflect the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). By using machine learning techniques on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, two multibiomarker panels with and without plasma fatty acids were developed. These panels significantly improved the explained variability of the HEI.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas A. Koemel, Alistair M. Senior, David S. Celermajer, Amanda Grech, Tim P. Gill, Stephen J. Simpson, David Raubenheimer, Michael R. Skilton
Summary: This study evaluated the associations between macronutrient intake and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. It found that a high-calorie diet consisting of moderately high protein, moderate fat, and moderate carbohydrate levels was associated with the highest mortality risk. Lower mortality risk was observed in two separate regions consisting of higher protein, higher carbohydrate, and lower fat levels or lower protein, moderate carbohydrate, and higher fat levels. These findings highlight the complex nonlinear and interactive association between macronutrients and all-cause mortality.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shuang Liang, Jovana Mijatovic, Ang Li, Nicholas Koemel, Reeja Nasir, Clemence Toniutti, Kim Bell-Anderson, Michael Skilton, Fiona O'Leary
Summary: This study conducted a network meta-analysis and nutritional geometry approach to compare and rank the effects of different dietary patterns on non-communicable disease biomarkers. It found that the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), dietary guidelines-based, plant-based, and low-fat diets had beneficial effects on cholesterol levels, while the Paleo, plant-based, and dietary guidelines-based diets improved insulin resistance. The rankings of the dietary patterns varied, with the Paleo diet scoring highest in all outcomes combined.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ahmed Moustafa, Himanshu Popat, Julian Ayer, Marjan Haghighi, Michael Skilton, Kathryn Browning Carmo
Summary: This study investigated the changes in aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) in infants with congenital heart disease over the first year of life. The results showed that gestation and birth weight were associated with aIMT. Left heart obstruction was associated with increased aIMT. However, growth velocity and cardiopulmonary bypass were not associated with aIMT changes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Andrew D. D. Johnston, Jason P. P. Ross, Chenkai Ma, Kim Y. C. Fung, Warwick J. J. Locke
Summary: Liquid biopsy assays are used to monitor oncological treatment and predict cancer relapse. Most assays target somatic mutations, but epigenetic changes are more frequent and universal in cancer, and ctDNA retains these changes. This review discusses the use of epigenetic signals as a detection method for minimal residual disease (MRD).
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas A. Koemel, Alistair M. Senior, Tarik Benmarhnia, Andrew Holmes, Mirei Okada, Youssef Oulhote, Helen M. Parker, Sanam Shah, Stephen J. Simpson, David Raubenheimer, Timothy P. Gill, Nasser Laouali, Michael R. Skilton
Summary: This study examined the role of gut microbiome metabolites in the relationship between diet quality and cardiometabolic health. The analysis of cross-sectional data from 4685 US adults revealed significant interactive associations between microbial lignan metabolites and several cardiometabolic health markers. These findings suggest that the gut microbiome may modulate the overall association of diet quality with cardiometabolic health.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Melinda Fitzgerald, Jennie A. Ponsford, Natasha J. Lannin, Terence O'Brien, Peter Cameron, D. James Cooper, Nick Rushworth, AUS TBI Invest
Summary: The AUS-TBI initiative aims to improve personalized care and treatment for individuals who have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) by integrating various data sources. The project addresses key knowledge gaps by examining the impact of psychological, social, clinical, imaging, biomarker, and rehabilitation factors on long-term outcomes. With a consortium of national and international leaders and advanced data management systems, the initiative aims to create a comprehensive data resource to facilitate customization, prediction, and improvement of post-TBI outcomes.
NEUROTRAUMA REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jineel H. Raythatha, Bharat V. Dalvi, Himanshu Choudhury, Krishnanaik Shivaprakasha
Summary: Repairing stenosed branch pulmonary arteries can lead to restenosis, regardless of the technique used. A novel technique involving a tension-free tissue to tissue anastomosis using the native main pulmonary artery showed promising hemodynamic results and potential for growth.
JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY
(2021)