Journal
AGRONOMY JOURNAL
Volume 111, Issue 6, Pages 3291-3300Publisher
AMER SOC AGRONOMY
DOI: 10.2134/agronj2018.11.0710
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Funding
- Embrapa Cerrados
- CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)
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Large reserves of phosphorus (P) in Brazilian soils can be potentially used by crops. However, it is not well known how different tillage systems and past P fertilizer management strategies affect legacy P utilization. A trial was conducted in an Oxisol (Rhodic Haplustox) at Embrapa Cerrados, Federal District, Brazil to investigate the effects of different soil residual P conditions on maize yield. For 17 yr, annual summer crops were fertilized with 80 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) P2O5 in a split-plot design consisting of eight treatments: no-tillage system (NT) or conventional tillage (CT), fertilized with triple superphosphate (TSP) or reactive rock phosphate (RRP), applied to the crop furrow or broadcast. P fertilization was then discontinued and maize grown for 4 seasons relied on the residual soil P under NT or CT. Residual P use efficiency, calculated as a ratio between grain yield and total residual P in the soil, was greater under NT than CT, as a consequence of higher availability of P determined by Bray-1, Mehlich-1 and Olsen methods. Past use of RRP sustained better yields and higher residual P use efficiency, especially in NT, due to its lower solubilizing rate. P placement strategy did not change residual P use efficiency. We recommend assess amount of available P to identify sites in which residual P may sustain crop needs. Finally, the use of RRP, especially under NT, is a recommended management strategy for reducing phosphate fertilizer demand in heavily weathered soils of Central Brazil.
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