Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages 2293-2298Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16343
Keywords
solid-state battery; interface; ALD; X-ray photoemission spectroscopy; HRTEM
Funding
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute, Beijing
- Nature Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Canada Research Chair Program (CRC)
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- Canadian Light Sources (CLS)
- University of Western Ontario
- CLS Postdoctoral Student Travel Support Program
- MITACS Elevate postdoctoral program
- State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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All-solid-state batteries are expected to be promising next-generation energy storage systems with increased energy density compared to the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Nonetheless, the electrochemical performances of the all-solid-state batteries are currently limited by the high interfacial resistance between active electrode materials and solid-state electrolytes. In particular, elemental interdiffusion and the formation of interlayers with low ionic conductivity are known to restrict the battery performance. Herein, we apply a nondestructive variable-energy hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to detect the elemental chemical states at the interface between the cathode and the solid-state electrolyte, in comparison to the widely used angle-resolved (variable-angle) X-ray photoemission spectroscopy/X-ray absorption spectroscopy methods. The accuracy of variable-energy hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy is also verified with a focused ion beam and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We also show the significant suppression of interdiffusion by building an artificial layer via atomic layer deposition at this interface.
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