Article
Immunology
Syed Ali Raza, Madiha Raza, Min Dai, Ammar Husan, James Cotelingam, Hassan AlHussein
Summary: The analysis of these cases highlighted the importance of early recognition and treatment of CNS lymphomas. It also emphasized the need for increased clinical suspicion in such cases. Furthermore, the exploration of new biomarkers for identifying and tracking CNS lymphomas was suggested.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ivan L. Salazar, Ana S. T. Lourenco, Bruno Manadas, Ines Baldeiras, Claudia Ferreira, Anabela Claro Teixeira, Vera M. Mendes, Ana Margarida Novo, Rita Machado, Sonia Batista, Maria do Carmo Macario, Mario Graos, Livia Sousa, Maria Joao Saraiva, Alberto A. C. C. Pais, Carlos B. Duarte
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which lacks a clear diagnosis method. Therefore, finding reliable biomarkers is crucial for the diagnosis and prediction of disease progression in multiple sclerosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Omri Zveik, Nina Fainstein, Ariel Rechtman, Nitzan Haham, Tal Ganz, Iris Lavon, Livnat Brill, Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
Summary: Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells play a role in both remyelination and immune response in the central nervous system. CSF from patients with progressive MS impairs differentiation of OPCs and reduces immune functions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michal Zido, David Kacer, Karel Vales, Denisa Zimova, Ivana Stetkarova
Summary: The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) by analyzing metabolomic differences in cerebrospinal fluid. Significant changes in concentrations of various metabolites were observed, with histidine concentration being significantly correlated with disease activity as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Andrew R. Pachner
Summary: There have been significant advancements in the field of neuroimmunology of multiple sclerosis in the past decades. These advancements have improved diagnosis and therapy. However, there are still many controversies and gaps in understanding due to the complexity of the disease.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ren Wei, Xiaolu Xu, Yunyun Duan, Ningnannan Zhang, Jie Sun, Haiqing Li, Yuxin Li, Yongmei Li, Chun Zeng, Xuemei Han, Fuqing Zhou, Muhua Huang, Runzhi Li, Zhizheng Zhuo, Frederik Barkhof, James H. Cole, Yaou Liu
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical significance of deep learning-derived brain age prediction in NMOSD and RRMS. The results showed that both NMOSD and RRMS patients had a significantly higher brain age gap compared to healthy controls. The brain age gap was associated with baseline disability score, advanced brain volume loss, and disease duration. Additionally, the brain age gap predicted the worsening of disability status in both NMOSD and RRMS patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sina C. Rosenkranz, Lilija Gutmann, Arzu Ceylan Has Silemek, Michael Dorr, Vivien Haussler, Margareta Lupke, Andrea Monch, Stefanie Reinhardt, Jens Kuhle, Penelope Tilsley, Christoph Heesen, Manuel A. Friese, Alexander Brandt, Friedemann Paul, Hanna Zimmermann, Jan-Patrick Stellmann
Summary: In this study, the long-term changes in visual function, retinal neurodegeneration, and serum NfL levels were assessed in PPMS patients. It was found that visual function remains stable until a certain turning point, while retinal nerve fiber layer thickness gradually decreases. Serum NfL levels remained stable and were not associated with structural or functional impairment in the visual system.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Gregory F. F. Wu
Summary: The fluid compartment surrounding the central nervous system (CNS) is a unique source of immune cells capable of reflecting the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases. Limited sample volume, blood contamination, and lack of feasible longitudinal approaches are barriers to routine assessment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent work employing transcriptomics have been used to explore new concepts in CNS inflammation and MS. Future approaches, including examination of CSF myeloid subsets, single cell transcriptomics incorporating antigen receptor sequencing, and use of diverse animal models, may provide critical insights into the pathogenesis of, and therapeutic developments for, MS.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shinji Ashida, Takayuki Kondo, Chihiro Fujii, Mio Hamatani, Toshiki Mizuno, Hirofumi Ochi
Summary: This study found that the inflammatory profile in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. This suggests that combined CSF and MRI analysis may help identify different MS phenotypes related to the heterogeneity of underlying immune processes.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David Leppert, Mitsuru Watanabe, Sabine Schaedelin, Fredrik Piehl, Roberto Furlan, Matteo Gastaldi, Jeremy Lambert, Bjorn Evertsson, Katharina Fink, Takuya Matsushita, Katsuhisa Masaki, Noriko Isobe, Jun-ichi Kira, Pascal Benkert, Aleksandra Maceski, Eline Willemse, Johanna Oechtering, Annette Orleth, Stephanie Meier, Jens Kuhle
Summary: This study aimed to determine the differences in granulocyte activation markers (GAM) between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), and whether they are associated with neurological impairment. The results showed that GAM and adhesion molecules were higher in acute NMOSD compared to RRMS and correlated with clinical disability scores. The composite of GAM can be used as a reliable biomarker to differentiate NMOSD from MS, including aAQP4(-) NMOSD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fei Ye, Tianzhu Wang, Xiaoxin Wu, Jie Liang, Jiaoxing Li, Wenli Sheng
Summary: This study identified potential diagnostic biomarkers for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) based on m6A regulatory genes in the cerebrospinal fluid. The study revealed that the dynamic modification of m6A RNA methylation is involved in the progression of PMS, and could potentially serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosing MS and differentiating PMS from RRMS.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Benjamin Vlad, Ina Reichen, Stephan Neidhart, Marc Hilty, Dimitra Lekaditi, Christine Heuer, Amanda Eisele, Mario Ziegler, Markus Reindl, Andreas Lutterotti, Axel Regeniter, Ilijas Jelcic
Summary: Basic CSF parameters vary considerably in different clinical phenotypes of MOGAD. Q(Alb)>10x10(-3) and absence of CSF-restricted OCB are highly useful to differentiate MOGAD from MS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Aurora Zanghi, Virginia Manuti, Gaetano Serviddio, Emanuele D'Amico, Carlo Avolio
Summary: This study aimed to compare the expression levels of miRNA 21-5p, miRNA 106a-5p, miRNA 146a-5p, and miRNA223-3p in cell-free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between RRMS patients and patients with other neurological disorders (OND), and to explore their potential as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis. The results showed that miRNA 106a-5p had higher levels in RRMS patients and could be considered as a biomarker for diagnosing multiple sclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michelle Maiworm, Celona Hamid, Marlies Wagner, Ulrike Noeth, Ralf Deichmann, Alexander Seiler, Rene-Maxime Gracien
Summary: This study aimed to assess microstructural damage of cortical grey matter in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) using multiparametric quantitative MRI techniques. The results showed that T1, PD, and T2 values significantly increased over 2 years, indicating progressive demyelination and increasing water content. These parameters may serve as promising surrogate markers of diffuse cortical inflammation in RRMS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Paul Elsbernd, Laura Cacciaguerra, Karl N. Krecke, John J. Chen, David Gritsch, A. Sebastian Lopez-Chiriboga, Elia Sechi, Vyanka Redenbaugh, Padraig P. Morris, Jonathan L. Carter, Dean M. Wingerchuk, Jan-Mendelt Tillema, Cristina Valencia-Sanchez, Smathorn Thakolwiboon, Sean J. Pittock, Eoin P. Flanagan
Summary: This retrospective observational study found that brain MRI enhancement is common in myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and often appears as patchy or heterogeneous. Leptomeningeal enhancement helps differentiate MOGAD from aquaporin-4-IgG-positive-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder (AQP4+NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), and is frequently associated with symptoms such as headache, fever, and seizures.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Pablo A. Lopez, Juan Criniti, Juan Pablo Pettinicchi, Edgardo Cristiano, Liliana Patrucco, Elisa Bribiesca Contreras, Enrique Gomez-Figueroa, Jose Flores-Rivera, Edgar Patricio Correa-Diaz, Ana Maria Toral Granda, Maria Angelica Ortiz Yepez, Wilson Alfredo Gualotuna Pachacama, Jefferson Santiago Piedra Andrade, Lorna Galleguillos, Veronica Tkachuk, Debora Nadur, Vanessa Daccach Marques, Ibis Soto de Castillo, Magdalena Casas, Leila Cohen, Ricardo Alonso, Alejandro Caride, Marco Lana-Peixoto, Juan Ignacio Rojas
Summary: Chiasmatic lesions were significantly more common in NMOSD-related optic neuritis compared to MOGAD-related optic neuritis in this Latin American cohort, as observed through conventional brain imaging. Further studies are needed to confirm the generalizability of these findings.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Juan Ignacio Rojas, Juan Criniti, Pablo A. Lopez, Vanessa Daccach Marques, Ibis Soto de Castillo, Veronica Tkachuk, Mariano Marrodan, Jorge Correale, Mauricio F. Farez, Ho Jin Kim, Jae-Won Hyun, Silvia Messina, Romina Mariano, Maria A. Rocca, Laura Cacciaguerra, Massimo Filippi, Jacqueline Palace, Maciej Jurynczyk
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of brain magnetic resonance imaging criteria in distinguishing multiple sclerosis (MS) from other conditions. The results showed that these criteria have high specificity in different ethnic groups and clinical scenarios, and the specificity can be further increased by adding specific lesions in patients with brain/brainstem symptoms.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Jorge Correale
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a devastating antibody-mediated condition of the central nervous system. The interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors plays a significant role in its development. Currently, it is unclear whether aquaporin-4 antibody production triggers NMOSD attacks and further investigation is needed. Certain infectious diseases and vaccines have been proposed as possible environmental factors associated with NMOSD onset and/or attacks, particularly in Asia and Latin America where NMOSD incidence is higher. This review examines the evidence on specific infections, vaccines, gut microbiome composition, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in NMOSD patients.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claudia Pestchanker, Melina Diaconchuk, Paula Lopez, Maria Rosa Montano, William Romero, Guillermo Zalazar, Edgar Carnero Contentti
Summary: This article reported a case of severe febrile neutropenia in a NMOSD patient treated with satralizumab. The authors recommended conducting control monitoring at week 2 to prevent further complications.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Pablo A. Lopez, Juan Criniti, Ricardo Alonso, Berenice Silva, Geraldine Luetic, Edgar Patricio Correa-Diaz, Lorna Galleguillos, Carlos Navas, Ibis Soto de Castillo, Fernando Diaz de Bedoya Hamuy, Fernando Gracia, Veronica Tkachuk, Brian G. Weinshenker, Juan Ignacio Rojas
Summary: Misdiagnosis of NMOSD is a significant issue in Latin America, with 12% of patients initially diagnosed incorrectly. MS is the most common alternative diagnosis, accounting for 66.1%. 86% of misdiagnosed patients exhibited atypical MS syndrome, 50% had NMOSD red flags in brain and/or spinal MRI.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Pablo A. Lopez, Juan Pablo Pettinicchi, Veronica Tkachuk, Vanessa Daccach Marques, Ibis Soto de Castillo, Edgardo Cristiano, Liliana Patrucco, Alejandro Caride, Juan Ignacio Rojas
Summary: The frequency of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with autoimmune diseases (AD) in a Latin American (LATAM) population was determined. Among 140 patients, 23.5% had associated AD, with Hashimoto disease being the most common. NMOSD patients with AD were significantly associated with rituximab use, female gender, corticospinal lesions on MRI, and positivity for antinuclear antibodies. No significant differences were found in other clinical and paraclinical features, and survival analyses did not show differences between groups.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shafigh Mehraban, Bahman Bahmani, Soliman Ahmad Boukani, Maryam Toosi, Mina Karami, Edgar Carnero Contentti
Summary: This study aimed to review the lived experiences of patients with multiple sclerosis when receiving the diagnosis. Through systematic searching and screening, the study summarized the emotional reactions, communication with health professionals, knowledge about MS, and fears of being different among patients. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding patients' experiences and addressing psychological problems at the time of diagnosis to provide appropriate support and care.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Darin T. Okuda, Juan I. Rojas, Claudia Chien, Friedemman Paul, Ricardo Alonso
Summary: Differentiating MS from other relapsing inflammatory autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system is crucial in clinical practice. Significant advances have been made in understanding the characteristic clinical symptoms and imaging findings. MRI plays a key role in making the ultimate diagnosis. This review discusses the latest findings in brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve lesions on conventional MRI for distinguishing adult patients with MS from NMOSD and MOGAD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mariano Marrodan, Maria Agustina Piedrabuena, Maria Ines Gaitan, Marcela P. Fiol, Maria Celica Ysrraelit, Edgar Carnero Conttenti, Pablo Adrian Lopez, Veronica Peuchot, Jorge Correale
Summary: A study was conducted on MS patients from Argentina to evaluate the performance of revised 2017 McDonald criteria and genetic ancestry. The results showed that the 2017 criteria were more sensitive but less specific compared to the 2010 criteria, shortening both time-to-diagnosis and time-to-treatment implementation.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Pablo A. Lopez, Juan Criniti, Juan Pablo Pettinicchi, Edgardo Cristiano, Liliana Patrucco, Elisa Bribiesca Contreras, Enrique Gomez-Figueroa, Jose Flores-Rivera, Edgar Patricio Correa-Diaz, Ana Maria Toral Granda, Maria Angelica Ortiz Yepez, Wilson Alfredo Gualotuna Pachacama, Jefferson Santiago Piedra Andrade, Lorna Galleguillos, Veronica Tkachuk, Debora Nadur, Vanessa Daccach Marques, Ibis Soto de Castillo, Magdalena Casas, Leila Cohen, Ricardo Alonso, Alejandro Caride, Marco Lana-Peixoto, Juan Ignacio Rojas
Summary: This study compared the clinical outcomes and prognostic features of NMOSD and MOGAD patients from different ethnic groups in Latin America, presenting ON as the first attack. The results showed that NMOSD had poorer clinical outcomes compared to MOGAD, and ethnicity was not associated with prognostic factors. Different predictors of permanent visual and motor disability and wheelchair dependency were found in NMOSD patients.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Pablo A. Lopez, Veronica Tkachuk, Carlos Vrech, Maria A. Zarate, Jorge Correale, Norma Deri, Geraldine Luetic, Mariano Marrodan, Fatima Pagani Cassara, Dario Tavolini, Maria Celica Ysrraelit, Maria E. Balbuena, Javier Hryb, Edson Chiganer, Felisa Leguizamon, Eduardo Knorre, Gisela Zanga, Claudia Pestchanker, Andres Barboza, Debora Nadur, Edgardo Cristiano, Liliana Patrucco, Ricardo Alonso, Marina Alonso Serena, Friedemann Paul, Juan Ignacio Rojas
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of new asymptomatic lesions on brain and spinal imaging in NMOSD patients in Argentina and their association with subsequent relapses. The results showed that new asymptomatic MRI lesions were relatively frequent, with optic nerves being the most common. However, the presence of these lesions did not shorten the time to developing subsequent relapses.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Pablo A. Lopez, Juan Pablo Pettinicchi, Juan Criniti, Agustin Pappolla, Jimena Miguez, Edgardo Cristiano, Liliana Patrucco, Susana Liwacki, Veronica Tkachuk, Maria E. Balbuena, Carlos Vrech, Norma Deri, Jorge Correale, Mariano Marrodan, Maria C. Ysrraelit, Felisa Leguizamon, Geraldine Luetic, Maria L. Menichini, Dario Tavolini, Carolina Mainella, Gisela Zanga, Marcos Burgos, Javier Hryb, Andres Barboza, Luciana Lazaro, Ricardo Alonso, Nora Fernandez Liguori, Debora Nadur, Marina Alonso Serena, Alejandro Caride, Friedemann Paul, Juan Rojas
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the mortality and causes of death among Argentinean NMOSD patients and identify predictors of death. The study found a 7% mortality rate among Argentinean NMOSD patients after 11 years of follow-up, with extensive cervical myelitis and respiratory failure being the most common cause of death. Older age and higher disability score at disease onset were independent predictors of death.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Pablo A. Lopez, Veronica Tkachuk, Carlos Vrech, Maria A. Zarate, Jorge Correale, Norma Deri, Geraldine Luetic, Mariano Marrodan, Fatima Pagani Cassara, Dario Tavolini, Maria Celica Ysrraelit, Maria E. Balbuena, Javier Hryb, Edson Chiganer, Felisa Leguizamon, Eduardo Knorre, Gisela Zanga, Claudia Pestchanker, Andres Barboza, Debora Nadur, Edgardo Cristiano, Liliana Patrucco, Ricardo Alonso, Marina Alonso Serena, Friedemann Paul, Juan Ignacio Rojas
Summary: Based on the study of NMOSD patients in Argentina, we found that new asymptomatic lesions are relatively frequent. However, the presence of new asymptomatic MRI lesions during the relapse-free period and at relapses was not associated with a shorter time to developing subsequent relapses.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Edgar Carnero Contentti, Pablo A. Lopez, Juan Rojas
Summary: NMOSD is a rare but devastating neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Prompt and aggressive treatment with options like steroids and plasmapheresis are crucial for management. New treatments like bevacizumab, ublituximab, and HBM9161 are currently under investigation for improving outcomes.
EXPERT OPINION ON EMERGING DRUGS
(2022)