Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yang Dong, Yuan Zheng, Jingyu Guo, Duo Xu, Yuxin Wang, Youfeng Yang, Jingrui Duan, Ping Zhang, Zhanliang Wang, Zhigang Lu, Shaomeng Wang, Yubin Gong
Summary: A novel concept of hybrid dispersion slow wave structure (HD SWS) is introduced in this study, which achieves efficient interaction over a wide bandwidth by alternatively connecting slow wave structures with different dispersion characteristics. Compared with conventional slow wave structures, the HD SWS significantly improves the bandwidth and maximum power without increasing the circuit length, and releases the constraints of electro-optical system.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Erik F. M. Koene, Johan O. A. Robertsson, Fredrik Andersson
Summary: The Lebedev grid finite-difference method allows modeling of anisotropic elastic-wave propagation, but can generate spurious waves. The Lisitsa-Vishnevsky method is known in the literature to address this issue, but it does not fully eliminate spurious artifacts. A novel FD-consistent point source approach is found to completely suppress these artifacts without the need for array recording, showing advantages over the Lisitsa-Vishnevsky method in anisotropic modeling examples.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rune Mittet
Summary: This study focuses on the accuracy of implementing interfaces with coarse-grid methods such as the pseudospectral method and high-order finite differences. By using band-limited versions of the Heaviside step function, interfaces and small-scale inclusions can be accurately modeled, even when significantly smaller than typical grid step sizes. The method used for implementation is viewed as a filter that must be accurate up to the spatial Nyquist wavenumber of the simulation grid.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. B. Novikov, A. P. Leontiev, K. S. Napolskii, T. V. Murzina
Summary: The recent development of optics of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) has been driven by their intriguing optical properties, particularly their strong optical nonlocality. In this study, we demonstrate that in metal nanorod-based HMMs, nonlocality leads to fast and slow light effects in the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in the spectral range near the HMM epsilon-near-zero regime. These effects can be switched by the angle of incidence and light wavelength. We explain that these observed dynamics stem from the zero-transmission points of HMM and phase singularities caused by the destructive interference between the main optical wave and the additional wave mediated by the spatial dispersion of light in the HMMs.
Article
Physics, Applied
Michael J. Frazier
Summary: This article proposes a design strategy for acoustic metamaterial lattices which leverages the characteristic multi-stability and kinematic amplification of the internal architecture to realize a re-configurable effective mass distribution, enabling a corresponding frequency band structure of extreme tunability.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
D. Psiachos, M. M. Sigalas
Summary: The study found that in subwavelength-dimensioned phononic crystals with large band gaps, the concept of band gap is destroyed when the radius of cylinders periodically placed inside a matrix of highly contrasting elastic properties varies with time. However, with the appropriate tuning of parameters, some band-gap region can be retained, making such systems possible candidates for tunable bandpass filters or phononic isolators, suitable for sensor applications.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jesus Ruano, Aleix Baez Vidal, Joaquim Rigola, Francesc Xavier Trias
Summary: This article presents a new numerical method for analyzing dispersion errors and evaluating them on Cartesian stretched grids for linear advection problems. The spectral properties of several convective schemes, including non-linear ones, are discussed. The results show convergence with classical methods on uniform structured meshes, and the proposed method considers the effects on time step depending on the scheme used, ultimately allowing for the proposal of an optimal scheme based on meshing strategy.
COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Sarah E. Bondos, A. Keith Dunker, Vladimir N. Uversky
Summary: Signaling pathways allow cells to detect and respond to various chemical and physical stimuli, forming a communication network that regulates cell activities and coordinates cell function. Successful signaling requires proteins that can form active and inactive states and engage in multiple interactions. Intrinsically disordered proteins play a critical role in cell signaling, present in diverse organisms and stages of signaling pathways.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Hossein Bisheh
Summary: This study proposes a new analytical approach to determine wave propagation characteristics in smart composite plates considering the transverse polarization of piezoelectric materials. The results show that the presence of piezoelectric actuators has a significant effect on the wave phase velocity variations within different wavenumbers, as well as the effects of laminate stacking sequence and host plate material properties.
ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Hsin-Yi Kuo, Li-Huan Yang, Po-Chun Huang, Ernian Pan
Summary: This paper compares the dispersion curves and mode shapes of magneto-electro-elastic laminated composites with different layering directions. The wave characteristics of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic laminates with the layering direction along y-axis or z-axis are investigated using the generalized pseudo-Stroh formulation and propagator matrix approach. The differences in dispersion curves and mode shapes of the sandwich plates demonstrate the important role of the layering direction. The decoupling feature of Lamb wave and SH wave is consistent with the static case when the layering direction is along y-axis, but differs from the static case when the layering direction is along z-axis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ekaterina Sukhova, Elena Akinchits, Sergey V. Gudkov, Roman Y. Pishchalnikov, Vladimir Vodeneev, Vladimir Sukhov
Summary: The study analyzed a simple mathematical model of VP propagation in plants, considering the pressure distribution in xylem vessels. The results support the hypothesis about the impact of pressure variations on VP propagation. Various factors, including distance from the damaged zone and pressure dynamics, influence the rate of VP propagation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gyula Diszhazi, Zsuzsanna E. Magyar, Erika Lisztes, Edit Toth-Molnar, Peter P. Nanasi, Rudi Vennekens, Balazs Toth, Janos Almassy
Summary: In this study, the TRPM4 current in pancreatic acinar cells was identified and its role in regulating cell membrane depolarization and Ca2+ signaling was demonstrated using pharmacological tools and TRPM4-deficient mice. The TRPM4 current was found to depolarize PACs and reduce the inward driving force for Ca2+, serving as a negative feedback regulator of Ca2+ entry.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
R. Alebrahim, P. Packo, M. Zaccariotto, U. Galvanetto
Summary: This study investigates a novel method for improving the simulation of wave propagation in Peridynamic (PD) media by computing dispersion properties and setting up an optimization problem through inverse analysis. Various weighted residual techniques are adopted to modify wave dispersion and significant improvements are found in both 1-D and 2-D PD models.
COMPUTATIONAL PARTICLE MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Miguel Dasilva, Alessandra Camassa, Alvaro Navarro-Guzman, Antonio Pazienti, Lorena Perez-Mendez, Gorka Zamora-Lopez, Maurizio Mattia, Maria V. Sanchez-Vivesa
Summary: Different groups of cortical neurons are able to engage in complex dynamic patterns in the brain, with higher complexity observed during wakefulness. As anesthesia levels decrease, there is a modulation of slow oscillation frequency along with an increase in perturbational and spontaneous complexity, correlated with a decrease in network coherence. This suggests that changes in cortical complexity can occur within a single brain state dominated by slow oscillations, leading to higher complexity associated with consciousness.
Article
Physics, Applied
M. Moghaddaszadeh, M. A. Attarzadeh, A. Aref, M. Nouh
Summary: Unraveling real eigenfrequencies in non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonians has opened new avenues in various fields. In this study, we investigate the wave propagation behavior of a one-dimensional non-Hermitian elastic medium with a universal complex stiffness modulation. We analyze the onset of complex conjugate eigenfrequencies and the existence conditions for wave-number gaps, and demonstrate the coalescence of multiple Bloch-wave modes at exceptional points.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Claudia-Nicole Meisrimler, Claudia Allan, Sophie Eccersall, Richard J. Morris
Summary: Pathogens use effectors to disrupt plant defense mechanisms and target pathways for nonbiological stress adaptation, promoting infection. Research in this area is still in its early stages, but helps to establish connections between effector targets and pathogenic lifestyles.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alexander Calderwood, Andrew Lloyd, Jo Hepworth, Eleri H. Tudor, D. Marc Jones, Shannon Woodhouse, Lorelei Bilham, Catherine Chinoy, Kevin Williams, Fiona Corke, John H. Doonan, Lars Ostergaard, Judith A. Irwin, Rachel Wells, Richard J. Morris
Summary: This study focused on the multiple FLC paralogues in Brassica napus and found that relaxed selection pressure allowed for divergence in FLC expression, leading to variation in cold treatment response between paralogues and accessions. Total FLC expression dynamics best explained the differences in cold requirement between cultivars, rather than specific FLC paralogue expression.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shannon Woodhouse, Zhesi He, Hugh Woolfenden, Burkhard Steuernagel, Wilfried Haerty, Ian Bancroft, Judith A. Irwin, Richard J. Morris, Rachel Wells
Summary: This study introduces a new pipeline for conducting associative transcriptomics studies in Brassica oleracea. By focusing on flowering time as an example trait, it sheds light on the genetic basis of vernalization response in B. oleracea through associative transcriptomics, confirming it as a complex G x E trait. Candidate genes identified include miR172D and BoFLC.C2, which could potentially aid marker-based breeding efforts for B. oleracea with more synchronous heading dates and improved yields.
Review
Plant Sciences
Julia Kehr, Richard J. Morris, Friedrich Kragler
Summary: Research demonstrates that RNA can be transported over long distances to other cells, but the selective transport and biological functions of RNA are still under investigation.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Claudia Allan, Richard J. Morris, Claudia-Nicole Meisrimler
Summary: This review discusses recent technological advances and computational frameworks for studying the specificity of calcium signaling in plant cells. Calcium plays a role in signal and information transmission in all eukaryotes, and there are various mechanisms and proteins involved in the encoding, transmission, and decoding of calcium signals. Recent developments in imaging technology and genetically encoded sensors have provided new insights into intra- and intercellular calcium signaling. The review highlights the current gaps in understanding and proposes techniques and approaches for unraveling the underlying mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anna E. Backhaus, Ashleigh Lister, Melissa Tomkins, Nikolai M. Adamski, James Simmonds, Iain Macaulay, Richard J. Morris, Wilfried Haerty, Cristobal Uauy
Summary: Large transcriptional gradients exist within a wheat spike and are associated with rudimentary basal spikelet development, resulting in the characteristic lanceolate shape of wheat spikes. The basal spikelets are developed first and exhibit small size and rudimentary development. SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE MADS-box transcription factors, such as VRT-A2, are expressed highest in the basal section of the wheat spike. Higher expression of VRT-A2 in the basal sections of the spike is associated with increased numbers of rudimentary basal spikelets. Delayed transition of basal spikelets from vegetative to floral developmental programs results in the lanceolate shape of wheat spikes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Carroll, Sam Amsbury, Clinton H. Durney, Richard S. Smith, Richard J. Morris, Julie E. Gray, Andrew J. Fleming
Summary: Stomata regulate plant water use and photosynthesis by controlling leaf gas exchange. The methylation status and cellular patterning of pectin wall polymers play a core role in setting the guard cell mechanical properties. Wall arabinans can modulate guard cell flexibility and be used to engineer stomata with improved performance.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lei Yang, Yuan Zhou, Shuangfeng Wang, Ying Xu, Steffen Ostendorp, Melissa Tomkins, Julia Kehr, Richard J. Morris, Friedrich Kragler
Summary: This article investigates how the HSC70.1 chaperone in Arabidopsis regulates its own translation by binding to its own mRNA, thereby establishing a rapid stress response chaperone pool. It also discovers that both protein and RNA can function in a non-cell-autonomous manner, potentially maintaining chaperone homeostasis between tissues.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clinton H. Durney, Matthew J. Wilson, Shauni McGregor, Jodie Armand, Richard S. Smith, Julie E. Gray, Richard J. Morris, Andrew J. Fleming
Summary: Stomata in grasses consist of guard cells and subsidiary cells, with the latter playing a supportive role in regulating the opening and closing of stomatal pores. The study found that the distinctive geometry of grass stomata, featuring dumbbell-shaped guard cells, contributes to improved stomatal performance. In addition, a relatively thick guard cell rod region is necessary for enhancing pore opening.
Article
Plant Sciences
Anna Elisabeth Backhaus, Cara Griffiths, Angel Vergara-Cruces, James Simmonds, Rebecca Lee, Richard J. Morris, Cristobal Uauy
Summary: There are large differences in the number of grains per spikelet in wheat spikes. Central spikelets have the highest grain count, while apical and basal spikelets are less productive, with the most basal ones being rudimentary. The abortion of basal spikelets is likely due to complete floret abortion, and their developmental age pre-anthesis is strongly associated with increased abortion rate. Improvement in spikelet homogeneity could focus on enhancing basal spikelet establishment and increasing floret development rates pre-abortion. Rudimentary basal wheat spikelets are a result of delayed development, not reduced assimilate availability.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Evangeline Corcoran, Mehdi Afshar, Stelian Curceac, Azam Lashkari, Muhammad Mohsin Raza, Sebastian Ahnert, Andrew Mead, Richard Morris
Summary: Identifying and implementing management actions to mitigate climate change impacts on UK domestically grown crops is crucial for food security. Crop models help assess and make decisions on crop management, but there is often a gap between predicted and observed yields due to a lack of models investigating beyond field scale or including data on crop management and protection factors.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Calderwood, Laura Siles, Peter J. Eastmond, Smita Kurup, Richard J. Morris
Summary: Improving crop yield is a key objective in breeding, and research has been conducted to understand the mechanisms and processes associated with yield. This study introduces a new approach to evaluate whether existing crop varieties have optimal morphology under specific conditions. Using oilseed rape plants as a case study, the researchers used causal inference and Bayesian optimization to analyze the effects of 27 morphological traits on seed yield. The results show that existing spring varieties possess optimal morphologies, while potential high-yielding strategies remain unexplored in winter varieties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melissa Tomkins, Franziska Hoerbst, Saurabh Gupta, Federico Apelt, Julia Kehr, Friedrich Kragler, Richard J. J. Morris
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of Bayes factors to analyze all SNPs in mRNA using RNA-Seq data and shows that Bayes factors accurately identify graft-mobile transcripts. Comparison with other methods using simulated data highlights the importance of considering variability in read depth, error rates, and multiple SNPs per transcript for correct classification.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Melissa Tomkins, Aoife Hughes, Richard J. Morris
Summary: Transport across membranes is crucial for plant survival, providing plants with the necessary source material and energy for growth, development, defense, and movement. Understanding the physical forces that drive these transport processes is essential, with different levels of abstraction leading to different interpretations of the driving forces. Recent developments focus on quantitative frameworks for describing diffusive and bulk flow transport processes, particularly in plasmodesmata, while also addressing open questions and challenges in the field.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Nathan Hughes, Christine Faulkner, Richard J. Morris, Melissa Tomkins
Summary: The study evaluates the narrow escape problem as a framework for describing intercellular transport, introducing a volumetric adjustment factor to estimate escape times and providing results for a range of cell sizes and diffusivities. The approach can be extended using recent results on multiple trap problems to account for different plasmodesmata distributions with varying apertures.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL AND MULTI-SCALE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
