Article
Engineering, Environmental
Feng Chen, Peng Qi, Jian Liu, Gang Xia, Bin Fei, Jun Sun, John H. Xin, Sheng Zhang
Summary: In this study, a durable flame retardant cotton fabric (Cotton-APA/LNT) was successfully fabricated by covalently bonding ammonium phytate (APA) and lentinan (LNT). The Cotton-APA/LNT fabric exhibited high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value and self-extinguishing ability. After laundering cycles, the fabric still showed good flame retardancy and improved durability and breaking force.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Wu, Tingting Gou, Qianyu Zhao, Lei Chen, Peng Wang
Summary: A high-efficiency durable flame retardant (THPO-P) was synthesized and chemically bonded to cotton fabric, significantly improving its flame retardancy and durability. The treated fabric exhibited excellent fire safety and durability, with significant reductions in total heat release and peak heat release rate values. The flame-retardant treatment process did degrade some physical properties of the cotton fabric.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xian-Wei Cheng, Zheng-Yi Wang, Wen-Jie Jin, Jin-Ping Guan
Summary: This study presents a novel and facile approach for developing flame retardant wool fabrics by covalently grafting bio-based ammonium phytate onto wool fibers. The modified wool fabrics showed improved flame retardancy, increased tensile strength, and reduced smoke and heat release properties. The investigations confirmed the intumescent flame retardant mechanism for the APH modified wool fabrics.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xian-Ting Zheng, Ying-Qi Dong, Xin-Duo Liu, Yan-Lian Xu, Rong-Kun Jian
Summary: This study successfully improved the flame-retardant properties of cotton fabrics by fabricating a binary coating. The coating exhibited flame-retardant activities in both the condensed phase and gas phase during flame combustion, leading to self-extinguishing behavior of the cotton fabrics.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Yu Chen, Caiyan Wan, Shidong Liu, Peng Wang, Guangxian Zhang
Summary: ABTMPA, a novel flame retardant with high phosphorus content, was synthesized for treating cotton fabrics, which showed excellent flame retardancy and durability. Compared to pure cotton, the cotton fabrics treated with ABTMPA generated fewer combustible gases during combustion and had higher char residues.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Shuo Diao, Yan Yang, Qian Tang, Yonghua Lu, Yanfeng Lu, Guangxian Zhang
Summary: This paper improves the traditional flame retardant finishing technology by grafting the pre-polymerized phosphonium compound onto cotton fabrics, eliminating the need for ammonia fumigation and reducing environmental pollution. The results show that the improved finishing technology can provide cotton fabrics with excellent flame retardance and durability.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Xue-Lin Li, Xiao-Hui Shi, Ming-Jun Chen, Qing-Yun Liu, Ying-Ming Li, Zhi Li, Yan-Hao Huang, De-Yi Wang
Summary: This study developed an eco-friendly coating process to enhance the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics. The coating formed a durable flame retardant layer on the fiber surface and effectively reduced the heat release of the fabrics. Additionally, the treated fabrics exhibited excellent washing durability.
Article
Polymer Science
Bin Wang, Jiang -Long Liu, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: An intumescent coating called DAM was constructed by modifying 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane with amino phosphonates and melamine through neutralization reaction, and then deposited on the fabric surface as a homogeneous coating using the sol-gel technique. DAM exhibited good flame retardancy in both horizontal and vertical flame tests.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Xiaojie Cheng, Lei Shi, Zuwei Fan, Yuanyuan Yu, Rangtong Liu
Summary: A flame retardant coating containing phytic acid, chitosan, and biochar was prepared using layer-by-layer assembly. This coating significantly improved the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics, protected the fabric from degradation, and enhanced the thermal stability. The coated fabric formed a thermally stable char layer during combustion, inhibiting oxygen and heat transfer. The treated fabric exhibited excellent flame retardant performance and retained approximately 60% of the flame retardant properties after washing.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Shupin Chen, Hongqiang Li, Xuejun Lai, Shifeng Zhang, Xingrong Zeng
Summary: The authors presented a new strategy for preparing superhydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric by coating multiple layers on the fabric surface. The resulting fabric exhibited high water contact angle, anti-adhesion properties, self-cleaning capabilities, and efficient oil-water separation, as well as excellent flame retardancy.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Yanan Ma, Xiaolei Luo, Lin Liu, Cong Zhang, Xiaolei Shang, Juming Yao
Summary: By feasible chemical grafting of phytic acid (PA), eco-friendly and efficient fireproof cotton fabrics were prepared, exhibiting excellent thermal stability and flame resistance with outstanding washing durability. Tests showed self-extinguishing behavior and reduced smoke production of the treated cotton fabrics, indicating significantly improved flame retardancy.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Dongqiao Zhang, Brandon L. Williams, Jingjing Liu, Zaili Hou, Andrew T. Smith, Sunghyun Nam, Zain Nasir, Harsh Patel, Anthony Partyka, Elaina M. Becher, Benjamin J. Lofink, Victor H. Santos, Xiaohong Peng, Luyi Sun
Summary: A sandwich-like structured nanocoating system was developed in this study to provide natural polymer fabrics with flame retardancy and wash durability through various interactions. The concentration of bPEI in the coating system affects the wash durability of the fabrics, with higher concentrations leading to better wash durability but also potentially sacrificing flame retardant performance. The systematic evaluations post washing demonstrate that the coating system can maintain a balance between wash durability and flame retardancy.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yonghua Lu, Yanfeng Lu, Yan Yang, Yunlan Liu, Dan Ding, Yajun Chen, Guangxian Zhang
Summary: A novel high molecule and formaldehyde-free reactive flame retardant, ammonium salt of poly-ethyleneimine phosphamide phosphoric acid (APEIAPAP), was synthesized for cotton fabrics. The APEIAPAP reagent was grafted on cellulose through P(--O)-O-C covalent bond and showed excellent flame retardancy. The treated cotton samples exhibited outstanding flame retardancy and maintained high LOI even after multiple washes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Qian-Zhan Wang, Chang Liu, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: PAPS-DOPA is a colorless, highly transparent, and conformal coating that can be deposited on the surface of polyester fabrics via a sol-gel technique. It can completely stop melt-dripping and efficiently reduce the flammability of polyester fabrics without deteriorating their thermal stability.
Article
Polymer Science
Xian-Wei Cheng, Shuang Dong, Hai-Jun Yang, Li-Ping Zhao, Jin-Ping Guan
Summary: A phosphorus-doped silica sol was synthesized and applied as a durable flame retardant coating for silk fabrics, showing good flame retardant performance and washing durability, which could be a promising and feasible long-lasting flame retardant strategy.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Donatella Duraccio, Rossella Arrigo, Mattia Bartoli, Pier Paolo Capra, Giulio Malucelli
Summary: The mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior of ultra-high molecular weight composite materials containing different amounts of pyrolyzed exhausted tire carbon were investigated. The results showed that by changing the mixing method, the rheological and morphological characteristics of the composites can be adjusted, leading to improved mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin A. Suslick, Julie Hemmer, Brecklyn R. Groce, Katherine J. Stawiasz, Philippe H. Geubelle, Giulio Malucelli, Alberto Mariani, Jeffrey S. Moore, John A. Pojman, Nancy R. Sottos
Summary: Most thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials are synthesized and processed using energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome methods. Frontal polymerization provides an attractive and scalable alternative by utilizing the usually wasted polymerization heat. Only an initial thermal or photo stimulus is needed for frontal polymerization, which locally ignites the reaction and leads to a self-perpetuating reaction zone. The choice of monomer, initiator/catalyst, and additives determines the speed and maximum temperature of the polymer front, and there are various applications for frontally generated materials.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Alberto Mariani, Giulio Malucelli
Summary: In polymer systems, induction heating is the result of exposing selected polymer composites with conducting or ferromagnetic fillers to an alternating electromagnetic field. This interaction creates magnetic polarization effects or eddy currents, leading to heating of the material. The heat generated can be utilized in various applications, such as curing thermosetting systems, welding thermoplastics, and processing temperature-sensitive materials. This review aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art of induction heating processes for polymers, discussing limitations, challenges, and potential developments.
Article
Polymer Science
Raphael Palucci Rosa, Giuseppe Rosace, Rossella Arrigo, Giulio Malucelli
Summary: The use of plant-based monomers for additive manufacturing is a promising way to reduce reliance on petroleum-based plastics. In this study, acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) was combined with isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) to develop a resin with comparable mechanical properties to fossil-based resins. FT-IR analysis showed conversions above 80% during the photopolymerization process, and curing tests demonstrated that the biobased resin required less energy to cure. The parts fabricated using the biobased resin showed enhanced tensile strength, tunable elongation at break, and swelling resistance, making it a valuable alternative to traditional resins for stereolithographic applications.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Alberto Mariani, Giulio Malucelli
Summary: Historic stone buildings and monuments deteriorate gradually due to environmental impact, biological or mechanical deterioration, and inadequate maintenance. Environmental issues like water infiltration, freezing and thawing, acid rain, and vandalism strongly impact cultural heritage and should be prevented. Efforts should be made to protect or restore damaged stone substrates using effective consolidants. This work summarizes the current state-of-the-art in using monomeric/oligomeric or polymeric consolidants and provides perspectives for the future.
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Mattia Di Maro, Maria Giulia Faga, Riccardo Pedraza, Giulio Malucelli, Mattia Bartoli, Giovanna Gomez d'Ayala, Donatella Duraccio
Summary: This study investigates the combination of hemp-derived biochar and commercial humic acid as a potential flame-retardant system for ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The results show that the addition of biochar significantly improves the thermal stability of the copolymer, while the acidic nature of humic acid leads to degradation. Furthermore, the incorporation of biochar reduces heat release during combustion and prolongs burning time, while humic acid has little effect on combustion performance.
Article
Polymer Science
Donatella Duraccio, Pier Paolo Capra, Ambra Fioravanti, Giulio Malucelli
Summary: ZnO flower-like (ZFL) and needle (ZLN) structures were synthesized and embedded into UV-curable acrylic resin (EB) to study their effect on the piezoelectric properties of the resulting composite films. The composites showed uniform dispersion of fillers within the polymer matrix. Increasing filler loading caused an increase in glass transition temperature and a decrease in storage modulus in the glassy state.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Aurelio Bifulco, Roberto Avolio, Sandro Lehner, Maria Emanuela Errico, Nigel J. Clayden, Robin Pauer, Sabyasachi Gaan, Giulio Malucelli, Antonio Aronne, Claudio Imparato
Summary: By chemically modifying epoxy matrix with reactive silicon and phosphorus precursors through a two-step green synthetic procedure, nanocomposites with intrinsic flame-retardant features can be obtained. These nanostructured hybrid materials exhibit organic and inorganic co-continuous phases, preventing dripping during vertical burning tests, forming a large amount of coherent char after combustion, and reducing the peak of heat release rate remarkably.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Claudio Imparato, Aurelio Bifulco, Giulio Malucelli, Antonio Aronne
Summary: Materials based on silicon-phosphorus mixed oxides have a wide range of applications, but their hydrolytic stability is low in wet environments. Sol-gel synthesis allows for the preparation of high-purity materials with a homogeneous distribution of components, but balancing hydrolytic stability with application requirements is necessary. The incorporation of metals can stabilize phosphorus and prevent leaching, while the formation of Si-P nanostructures is advantageous in polymer matrices. Si-P oxides have interesting application prospects in fuel cells, acid catalysis, and flame retardance.
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Aurelio Bifulco, Angelo Casciello, Claudio Imparato, Stanislao Forte, Sabyasachi Gaan, Antonio Aronne, Giulio Malucelli
Summary: This work investigates the fire behavior of a sol-gel in-situ hybrid Mg(OH)2-epoxy nanocomposite and develops an artificial neural network-based system to predict its heat release capacity. The study shows that adding only 5 wt% of Mg(OH)2 to the nanocomposite significantly reduces the heat release capacity and smoke release, indicating the effectiveness of Mg(OH)2 as a smoke suppressant. The proposed machine learning approach offers a cost- and time-saving method for predicting the fire performances of flame retardant polymer-based nanocomposites.
Article
Polymer Science
Ilaria Roato, Tullio Genova, Donatella Duraccio, Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti, Diletta Zanin Venturini, Mattia Di Maro, Alessandro Mosca Balma, Riccardo Pedraza, Sara Petrillo, Giorgia Chinigo, Luca Munaron, Giulio Malucelli, Maria Giulia Faga, Federico Mussano
Summary: Mechanical and biological behaviors of PMMA/Al2O3 composites with different weight percentages of Al2O3 were characterized for implant-supported prostheses. Al2O3 particles increased the flexural modulus of PMMA, with the highest value achieved with 40 wt.% Al2O3. The flexural strength decreased due to filler aggregates and voids but remained satisfactory. Surface roughness and water contact angle influenced protein adsorption and cell adhesion. No cytotoxic effects were found, indicating biocompatibility and cell growth capabilities. Al2O3 guided tissue formation but did not enhance osteoconductive properties.
Review
Polymer Science
Alberto Mariani, Giulio Malucelli
Summary: Polymer hydrogels are highly versatile materials with applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Frontal polymerization (FP) has emerged as an alternative and efficient synthesis method for functional 3D networks.
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Valentina Trovato, Silvia Sfameni, Rim Ben Debabis, Giulia Rando, Giuseppe Rosace, Giulio Malucelli, Maria Rosaria Plutino
Summary: In the past decade, inorganic fillers and sol-gel-based flame-retardant technologies have gained increasing research interest as alternatives to hazardous chemicals in textile coating. This review presents the current state of inorganic flame-retardant technology for cotton fabrics, focusing on their effect on flame-retardant properties and emphasizing their environmental friendliness compared to organic solutions.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Aerospace
A. Bifulco, C. Imparato, S. Gaan, G. Malucelli, A. Aronne
Summary: The aerospace industry requires materials with good mechanical performance, durability, and thermal stability. Epoxy-based composites cured by aliphatic amines can be a suitable flame retardant solution.
12TH EASN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION IN AVIATION & SPACE FOR OPENING NEW HORIZONS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Donatella Duraccio, Pier Paolo Capra, Giulio Malucelli, Rossella Arrigo, Paolo Roccato, Claudio Francese
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the effects of cellulose nanocrystal loadings on the microstructure, mechanical, and electrical properties of UHMWPE composites. They found that by varying the concentration of nanocrystals and modifying the preparation procedures, they could significantly alter the morphology and properties of the composites. Additionally, electrical measurements were proven to be a useful tool for studying the reproducibility of the manufacturing process.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS (MEMEA 2022)
(2022)
