Plant protein 2-Cys peroxiredoxin TaBAS1 alleviates oxidative and nitrosative stresses incurred during cryopreservation of mammalian cells

There is increasing demand for cryopreserved cells such as liver and pancreatic cells for clinical applications. Cryopreservation at ultra-low temperatures requires use of cryoprotectants (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) to maintain cell integrity during freezing and thawing processes. Standard cryoprotectants are cytotoxic and more effective cryopreservation technologies are urgently needed for long-term storage of cells. As an alternative, soluble protein extracts (WPE) from winter wheat successfully replaced DMSO as a cryoprotectant for several mammalian cell types. To identify novel cryoactive proteins, the WPE was separated by chromatography and cryoactive fractions were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The wheat protein 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1 (renamed TaBAS1) was identified as a potential cryoactive candidate. Recombinant proteins were prepared and found to possess dual functions as a peroxidase antioxidant and molecular chaperone, and display cryoprotective properties for hepatocytes and insulin-secreting INS832/13 cells. Following cryopreservation with TaBAS1, cells were plateable and showed high post-thaw viability, good adhesion properties, and well-maintained cell-specific metabolic functions. The overall quality of these cell types was equivalent or improved compared to cells that were cryopreserved with DMSO. The antioxidant and chaperone functions of TaBAS1 likely explain its efficacy in reducing oxidative/nitrosative stresses in cryopreserved cells. The plant protein TaBAS1 could be a promising molecule to include in cryostorage protocols. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1511-1521. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.