Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 686, Issue -, Pages 903-914Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.046
Keywords
Olive oil mill wastewater; Biomarkers; Ecotoxicity; Phenolic compounds
Categories
Funding
- Slovenian Research Agency [P3-0388]
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting - BioProCro
- Croatian Government
- European Union through the European Regional Development Fund - the Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational Programme [KK. 01.1.1.01]
- Mechanisms of health protection (Mehanizmi varovanja zdravja)
- bilateral collaboration between Slovenia and Russia
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Olive mill wastewater (OMW) as a by-product of olive oil extraction process has significant polluting properties mainly related to high organic load, increased COD/BOD ratio, high phenolic content and relatively acidic pH. Raw OMW from Slovenian Istria olive oil mill and its polar fraction were investigated in this study. Chemical characterization of OMW polar fraction identified Tyrosol as the most abundant phenolic product, followed by catechol. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of OMW matrix and its polar fraction were tested using a battery of bioassays with model organisms: bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae Chlorella vulgaris, water fleas Daphnia magna, zebratish Danio rerio embryos, clover Trifolium repens and wheat Triticum aestivum. Raw OMW sample was the most toxic to V. fischeri (EC50 = 024% of OMW sample final concentration), followed by D. magna (EC50 = 1.43%), C. vulgaris (EC50 = 5.20%), D. rerio (EC50 = 7.05%), seeds T. repens (EC50 = 8.68%) and T. aestivum (EC50 = 11.58%). Similar toxicity trend was observed during exposure to OMW polar fraction, showing EC50 values 2.75-4.11 times lower comparing to raw OMW. Tested samples induced also sub-acute effects to dover and wheat (decreased roots, sprouts elongation); and to zebraflsh embryos (increased mortality, higher abnormality rate, decreased hatching and pigmentation formation rate). A comprehensive approach using a battery of bioassays, like those used in this study should be applied during ecotoxicity monitoring of untreated and treated OMW. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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