Review
Plant Sciences
Shambhavi Sharma, Ashish Prasad, Manoj Prasad
Summary: This review summarizes the strategies adopted by plant pathogens to secrete effectors that mimic E3 ligase properties or target the ubiquitin-proteasome system of their hosts. The battle between pathogens and host plants has shaped their co-evolution, with the outcome mainly determined by the effectors secreted by pathogens. Recent research in effector biology has identified an increase in the repertoire of pathogenic effectors that mimic or target the conserved ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This review focuses on how some pathogenic effectors mimic or act as components of the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery while others directly target the plant's ubiquitin-proteasome system.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Renier A. L. van der Hoorn, Marina Klemencic
Summary: Plant proteases play important yet mysterious roles in plant life, participating in various activities but their regulation and actions remain poorly understood. The irreversible action of proteases on proteins is tightly regulated, and their modes of cleaving multiple substrates are challenging to predict.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Irene Murgia, Francesca Marzorati, Gianpiero Vigani, Piero Morandini
Summary: This review examines the influence of rhizosphere microbiota on iron uptake by plants and the process of iron loading into seeds. It also discusses the potential genetic resources provided by wild relatives for crop improvement.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Zhao, Xiaobo Zhu, Xuewei Chen, Jian-Min Zhou
Summary: Plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens pose a threat to food security by reducing crop yield. Genetic improvement of plant immunity through technologies like CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing provides new opportunities for developing disease-resistant crop plants. This review summarizes the current understanding of plant immunity, outlines strategies for improving disease resistance in crop plants, and discusses challenges and future research directions in this field.
JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiye Xu, Dianguang Xiong, Zhu Han, Chengming Tian
Summary: This study reveals the important role of an effector protein, CcSp84, from Cytospora chrysosperma in the pathogenicity of poplar canker disease. The localization of CcSp84 in the plant nucleus is essential for its functions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Changjun Huang
Summary: The 'gene-for-gene' model in the plant immune system describes the specific interactions between R genes and Avr genes in plants and pathogens, providing insights into the co-evolution of plants and phytopathogens. Research on viral Avr-R systems contributes to understanding the mechanisms of plant resistance and identifying novel ways to study plant-pathogen interactions. Applications of Avr gene-mediated phenotyping play a crucial role in R gene identification and screening during breeding processes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Chun-Mei Yin, Jun-Jiao Li, Dan Wang, Dan-Dan Zhang, Jian Song, Zhi-Qiang Kong, Bao-Li Wang, Xiao-Ping Hu, Steven J. Klosterman, Krishna Subbarao, Jie-Yin Chen, Xiao-Feng Dai
Summary: The study reveals that a ribonuclease secreted by Verticillium dahliae, VdRTX1, can translocate into the plant nucleus to modulate plant immunity. VdRTX1 induces cell death and possesses specific functions that are not present in other fungi.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chuan-Jie Zhang, Shi-Xing Wang, Yan-Na Liang, Sheng-Hui Wen, Bao-Zhu Dong, Zheng Ding, Li-Yun Guo, Xiao-Qiong Zhu
Summary: This study analyzed the genome of Botryosphaeria dothidea and predicted 320 candidate effector genes, 124 of which were experimentally tested. The results showed that these effector genes could completely inhibit BAX-induced programmed cell death. Additionally, deletion of specific effector genes significantly reduced the virulence of B. dothidea, indicating their important roles in the interaction between the fungus and its hosts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gautam Anand, Meirav Leibman-Markus, Dorin Elkabetz, Maya Bar
Summary: Plants lack a circulating adaptive immune system, instead relying on a complex and efficient innate immune system based on defense mechanisms triggered by elicitors such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The fungal MAMP protein Ethylene Inducing Xylanase (EIX) from Trichoderma is a useful tool for studying plant immunity, eliciting defense responses in tobacco and tomato. Xylanases like EIX, hydrolytic enzymes mainly synthesized by fungi, play a role in xylan breakdown and can effectively induce plant defense responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alberto Blasi, Nicola Maggiore
Summary: This paper discusses a 4D symmetric tensor field theory with a specific symmetry. The theory has a weaker electromagnetic gauge symmetry and can transition to a mixed phase with both gravitons and fractons. The gauge fixing process is rich and the properties of the propagators are constrained by certain parameters. The theory is closely related to the fracton excitations.
Review
Virology
Neha Gupta, Kishorekumar Reddy, Dhriti Bhattacharyya, Supriya Chakraborty
Summary: Geminiviruses, responsible for significant crop loss globally, manipulate host cell machinery for their own benefit. Plants have evolved various strategies to resist virus invasion, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing and protein degradation pathways, which can be leveraged to develop virus-resistant plants. Recent advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 technique show promise in generating geminivirus resistance in plants.
Review
Entomology
Pengyu Chen, Kristof De Schutter, Els J. M. Van Damme, Guy Smagghe
Summary: Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that recognize and selectively bind specific sugar structures. They are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms, playing important roles in immune systems. While insect lectins are not well studied, plant lectins have been characterized and known to possess immunomodulatory properties in vertebrates. The study of lectins and their functions in insects lags behind, but understanding their role in insect immunity is crucial for the development of pest control strategies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ronald Pierik, Carlos L. Ballare
Summary: Plants detect and respond to the proximity of competitors using light signals perceived by photoreceptor proteins. Different photoreceptors help plants optimize their developmental configuration and resource allocation patterns in the canopy by controlling major regulatory nodes for growth and development. Understanding these mechanisms is important for breeding programs and manipulating light environments in agriculture.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ali Hadizadeh Esfahani, Janina Mass, Asis Hallab, Bernhard M. Schuldt, David Nevarez, Bjoern Usadel, Mark-Christoph Ott, Benjamin Buer, Andreas Schuppert
Summary: Generalizing transcriptomics results across experiments can be achieved by integrating and comparing interrelated studies to focus on the bigger picture for characterization of organism's fate and distinction between generic and specific responses. The Plant PhysioSpace method developed enables computing experimental conditions across species and platforms, extracting physiologically relevant signatures from heterogeneous data, and mapping new experimental data to these patterns for cross-species or cross-platform similarity assessment. Its robustness against bias and noise makes it successful in translating stress responses between different species and platforms.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Susan Breen, Hazel McLellan, Paul R. J. Birch, Eleanor M. Gilroy
Summary: The growth-defense trade-off in plants refers to the need for plants to balance resource allocation between growth and defense against pests and pathogens. Light perception plays a crucial role in growth control and can influence defense mechanisms. Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins that manipulate defense signaling, and some of these effectors target light signaling pathways. Additionally, plant pathogens also react to and regulate their own growth, development, and virulence in response to light. Recent research suggests that manipulating light wavelengths may be a novel approach to control or prevent disease outbreaks in plants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Yuzhen Mei, Fanfan Zhang, Mingyu Wang, Fangfang Li, Yaqin Wang, Xueping Zhou
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Fangfang Li, Changwei Zhang, Ziwei Tang, Lingrui Zhang, Zhaoji Dai, Shanwu Lyu, Yinzi Li, Xilin Hou, Mark Bernards, Aiming Wang
Article
Plant Sciences
Hao Li, Fangfang Li, Mingzhen Zhang, Pan Gong, Xueping Zhou
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wan-qin He, Jia-yu Wu, Yi-yi Ren, Xue-ping Zhou, Song-bai Zhang, Ya-juan Qian, Fang-fang Li, Jian-xiang Wu
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE B
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Yuzhen Mei, Yaqin Wang, Fangfang Li, Xueping Zhou
Letter
Virology
Yongsen Cao, Huanbin Zhou, Xueping Zhou, Fangfang Li
Article
Plant Sciences
Mingzhen Zhang, Pan Gong, Linhao Ge, Zhaoyang Chang, Xiaofei Cheng, Xueping Zhou, Aiming Wang, Fangfang Li
Summary: The study reveals that XPO1 plays a crucial role in TuMV infection by interacting with NIb to facilitate its translocation to viral replication complexes, as well as mediating the nuclear export of sumoylated NIb and host factors tagged with SUMO3 to suppress plant immunity. Deficiencies of XPO1 in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants inhibit TuMV replication and infection, highlighting the importance of XPO1 as a host factor in potyvirus infections.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pan Gong, Huang Tan, Siwen Zhao, Hao Li, Hui Liu, Yu Ma, Xi Zhang, Junjie Rong, Xing Fu, Rosa Lozano-Duran, Fangfang Li, Xueping Zhou
Summary: Geminiviruses are small plant-infecting viruses. The study identifies additional ORFs in geminivirus genomes, with one encoding the protein V3 that localizes to the Golgi and acts as an RNA silencing suppressor. This suggests that small ORFs may play significant roles in plant-geminivirus interactions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhaolei Li, Xinxin Yang, Wenli Li, Zhiyan Wen, Jiangning Duan, Zhihao Jiang, Dingliang Zhang, Xialin Xie, Xueting Wang, Fangfang Li, Dawei Li, Yongliang Zhang
Summary: In this study, we found that SAMDC3 is involved in defense against BSMV infection by regulating the abundance of the γb protein. This finding contributes to our understanding of how a plant host deploys the ubiquitin-proteasome system to mount defenses against viral infections.
Article
Microbiology
Tingting Zhou, Mingzhen Zhang, Pan Gong, Fangfang Li, Xueping Zhou
Summary: The study highlights the pro-viral role of the selective autophagic receptor NbNBR1 in geminivirus-infected plants. It demonstrates how a viral satellite-encoded protein interacted with NbNBR1 to protect itself from degradation and facilitate viral infection. The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of virus-plant interactions.
Article
Microbiology
Mingzhen Zhang, Pan Gong, Linhao Ge, Yinzi Li, Zhaoyang Chang, Rui Qiao, Xueping Zhou, Aiming Wang, Fangfang Li
Summary: The nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES) play important roles in controlling the import and export of proteins. Mutations in the NLS and NES of the NIb protein of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) can inhibit viral RNA accumulation and systemic infection. We found that XPO1 interacts with the functional NLS and NES of NIb to regulate its nucleocytoplasmic transport and promote viral infection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Biology
Pan Gong, Siwen Zhao, Hui Liu, Zhaoyang Chang, Fangfang Li, Xueping Zhou
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yushuang Guo, Meng-Ao Jia, Shaofang Li, Fangfang Li
Summary: DNA methylation is a regulatory mechanism for gene expression under stress conditions. It has been discovered that geminiviruses can enhance the active DNA demethylation mediated by host DNA glycosylases to subvert the DNA methylation-mediated defense, thus enhancing viral virulence. This finding reveals a unique counter-defense strategy employed by invading pathogens for successful infection.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Fangfang Li, Rui Qiao, Zhanqi Wang, Xiuling Yang, Xueping Zhou
Summary: This article summarizes the occurrence and distribution of geminiviruses in China, providing valuable information for further research and management of the virus.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Siwen Zhao, Pan Gong, Jie Liu, Hui Liu, Rosa Lozano-Duran, Xueping Zhou, Fangfang Li
Summary: The C5 protein of TYLCV is targeted to PD during viral infection, promoting viral movement. It interacts with the V2 protein, facilitating its nuclear export and movement along microfilaments to the PD.
