Article
Psychiatry
Qijing Bo, Zhen Mao, Qing Tian, Ningbo Yang, Xianbin Li, Fang Dong, Fuchun Zhou, Liang Li, Chuanyue Wang
Summary: The study revealed that PSSPPI may serve as a promising objective approach to identify CHR individuals, who demonstrated lower PPI levels compared to healthy controls.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Samantha L. Regan, Chiho Sugimoto, Adam L. Fritz, Charles V. Vorhees, Michael T. Williams
Summary: The study shows that PRM and DLM have different effects on ASR and TSR, with different outcomes depending on the timing and type of prepulse used.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ole Asli, Marta F. Johansen, Ida Solhaug
Summary: Mindfulness practice was found to increase prepulse facilitation in the study, using a prepulse inhibition/facilitation paradigm to investigate the effect on automatic attention regulation processes. The brief mindfulness exercise was shown to have an impact on startle response modulation, specifically increasing preparation for upcoming stimuli.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
K. T. Sun, Jimmy W. Y. Lam, William C. S. Tai, Benson W. M. Lau, Benjamin K. Yee
Summary: The study found that in mouse experiments, trials showing a stronger prepulse response also exhibited a larger startle response to the subsequent pulse stimulus, indicating weaker PPI. Within-subjects and between-subjects analyses revealed contrasting relationships between the direct motor response to the prepulse and the inhibition of subsequent startle reaction induced by the same prepulse.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Philippe Fournier, Sylvie Hebert
Summary: The study compared the effects of monaural and binaural silent gaps on GPI in normal-hearing subjects, finding that the GPI was similar between monaural and binaural presentation in high-frequency background noise, but greater for binaural than monaural in low-frequency background noise, suggesting that monaural GPIAS may be more suitable for detecting tinnitus.
Article
Psychiatry
Synthia Guimond, Feng Gu, Holly Shannon, Sinead Kelly, Luke Mike, Gabriel A. Devenyi, M. Mallar Chakravarty, John A. Sweeney, Godfrey Pearlson, Brett A. Clementz, Carol Tamminga, Matcheri Keshavan
Summary: This study aimed to validate the Biotype model by assessing differences in amygdala and hippocampal volume and shape between traditional clinical diagnoses and Biotype classification. The results showed that Biotype-1 exhibited the most significant reductions in amygdala-hippocampal volume and widespread shape abnormalities, providing stronger neuroanatomical differences compared to conventional DSM diagnoses. Grouping individuals by Biotype demonstrated greater discrimination between groups, suggesting a promising approach for characterizing biological heterogeneity across the psychosis spectrum.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Biology
Helgi B. Schioeth, Laura Donzelli, Nicklas Arvidsson, Michael J. Williams, Thiago C. Moulin
Summary: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a behavior where a smaller stimulus presented before a larger stimulus results in a weaker response. This behavior has been observed in various animals and is used to study anxiety and schizophrenia. Our study found that adult fruit flies also exhibit PPI, which has not been previously reported. We also showed that PPI in flies can be affected by a drug that targets the NMDA receptor.
Article
Psychiatry
Mikael Hedberg, Sophie Imbeault, Sophie Erhardt, Lilly Schwieler
Summary: Impaired sensorimotor gating, commonly measured as disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response, has been widely observed in psychotic diseases. This study found significantly lower PPI in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients compared to healthy controls, and identified a delayed habituation in patients treated with antipsychotics.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Anastasios E. Giannopoulos, Ioanna Zioga, Panos Papageorgiou, Panagiota Pervanidou, Gerasimos Makris, George P. Chrousos, Xanthi Stachtea, Christos Capsalis, Charalabos Papageorgiou
Summary: The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a reliable indicator of sensorimotor and inhibitory mechanisms, and its modulation by prepulse inhibition (PPI) and prepulse facilitation (PPF) is associated with sex and age differences. This study investigated these differences in a young population using electroencephalographic recordings and found that PPF showed enhanced responses compared to PPI. There were also sex-related differences in ASR, with females showing higher levels of poststartle excitability.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura F. Naysmith, Steven C. R. Williams, Veena Kumari
Summary: The study revealed that both PPI and PPF are influenced by stimulus onset asynchronies, with the strongest PPI observed at 60 and 120 ms, and the strongest PPF at 4500 and 6000 ms. PPI is affected by sex (more in men than women) and hormonal contraception, while PPF is influenced by task order (greater when following PPI task).
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Ignasi Oliveras, Carles Tapias-Espinosa, Cristobal Rio-Alamos, Daniel Sampedro-Viana, Toni Canete, Ana Sanchez-Gonzalez, Adolf Tobena, Albertoi Fernandez-Teruel
Summary: The acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition (PPI) are measures related to information processing in schizophrenia. This study found a PPI deficit in Roman high-avoidance (RHA) rats and genetically heterogeneous stock (HS) rats, regardless of their startle response levels. RHA rats showed poorer habituation to the startling stimulus compared to Roman low-avoidance (RLA) rats, while no differences were found in startle habituation in HS rats grouped by their baseline startle responses. These findings support the validity of RHA rats as a putative model of schizophrenia-relevant features.
BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xiaoqin Yang, Liangjie Chen, Pengcheng Yang, Xiaodong Yang, Lei Liu, Liang Li
Summary: This study found that using a negative emotional-conditioned prepulse can enhance female attention and startle reflex, while perceptual spatial attention can also enhance startle reflex in both males and females. These results suggest that startle reflex is influenced by emotional, perceptual spatial attention, and sex.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yangsik Kim, Young Woo Noh, Kyungdeok Kim, Eunjoon Kim
Summary: The lack of IRSp53 results in decreased PPI, and the hyperactive ACC-MDT pathway suppresses PPI.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yangsik Kim, Esther Yang, Hyun Kim
Summary: The study found that deletion of IRSp53 in mice leads to a decrease in prepulse inhibition (PPI), indicating that dysfunction of various modulatory neurons may result in PPI impairment. This suggests that PPI could be broadly affected by changes in various types of modulatory neurons.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hisayoshi Kubota, Kazuo Kunisawa, Moe Niijima, Mami Hirakawa, Yuko Mori, Masaya Hasegawa, Suwako Fujigaki, Hidetsugu Fujigaki, Yasuko Yamamoto, Kuniaki Saito, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Akihiro Mouri
Summary: Phencyclidine (PCP) causes mental symptoms similar to schizophrenia by inhibiting the glutamatergic system. Deficiency of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) may be associated with exacerbation of PCP-induced symptoms.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Naici Liu, Rebekka Lencer, Zhipeng Yang, Wenjing Zhang, Chengmin Yang, Jiaxin Zeng, John A. Sweeney, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui
Summary: The study found that schizophrenia patients showed reductions in white matter functional activity, particularly in the genu of the corpus callosum. Additionally, there were correlations between white matter and gray matter functional activity, as well as white matter microstructure changes. These findings provide valuable evidence for functional alterations in schizophrenia.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer A. Brown, Brooke S. Jackson, Courtney R. Burton, Jennifer E. Hoy, John A. Sweeney, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Sarah S. Keedy, Elliot S. Gershon, Carol A. Tamminga, Brett A. Clementz, Jennifer E. McDowell
Summary: This study compared white matter structures of bipolar disorder patients with and without psychosis, finding minimal differences in FA and RD in localized areas, while more widespread reductions in SDF were observed. There were no differences in FA, RD, or SDF metrics between bipolar subgroups.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ling-Yu Huang, Brooke S. Jackson, Amanda L. Rodrigue, Carol A. Tamminga, Elliot S. Gershon, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Sarah S. Keedy, S. Kristian Hill, John A. Sweeney, Brett A. Clementz, Jennifer E. McDowell
Summary: Antisaccade tasks can be used to assess cognitive control processes in individuals with psychotic disorders, showing differences in cognitive deficits across schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Higher error rates and longer latencies on correctly performed antisaccade trials in psychosis cases indicate deficits specific to higher-order cognitive aspects of saccade generation.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Lauren M. Schmitt, John A. Sweeney, Craig A. Erickson, Rebecca Shaffer
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the probabilistic reversal learning task (PRL) as an outcome measure for cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) intervention trials. The results demonstrated that PRL is highly feasible, shows test-retest reproducibility, and is sensitive to detect change following interventions, suggesting it may be a useful measure for future ASD intervention trials focusing on cognitive flexibility.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Rebecca J. Lepping, Walker S. McKinney, Grant C. Magnon, Sarah K. Keedy, Zheng Wang, Stephen A. Coombes, David E. Vaillancourt, John A. Sweeney, Matthew W. Mosconi
Summary: Research indicates that individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibit increased force variability and reduced entropy during visuomotor behavior, along with greater brain activation and decreased functional connectivity. Additionally, delayed maturation is observed in the functional connectivity between cerebellar-cortical sensorimotor and nonsensorimotor networks.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lu Lu, Hailong Li, William T. Baumel, Jeffrey A. Mills, Kim M. Cecil, Heidi K. Schroeder, Sarah A. Mossman, Xiaoqi Huang, Qiyong Gong, John A. Sweeney, Jeffrey R. Strawn
Summary: The study found that escitalopram can improve emotional processing speed in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder, with a positive impact on the connectivity of the amygdala to bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex and right angular gyrus. Baseline amygdala-vmPFC connectivity and escitalopram-induced increased amygdala-angular gyrus connectivity at week 2 can predict the magnitude of subsequent improvement in anxiety symptoms.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Du Lei, Wenbin Li, Maxwell J. Tallman, Stephen M. Strakowski, Melissa P. DelBello, L. Rodrigo Patino, David E. Fleck, Su Lui, Qiyong Gong, John A. Sweeney, Jeffrey R. Strawn, Fabiano G. Nery, Jeffrey A. Welge, Emily Rummelhoff, Caleb M. Adler
Summary: Disruption of brain functional network organization is found in bipolar disorder, and the abnormalities in structural connectome are clinically significant and can predict treatment outcomes and track drug effects.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Du Lei, Xueling Suo, Kun Qin, Walter H. L. Pinaya, Yuan Ai, Wenbin Li, Weihong Kuang, Su Lui, Graham J. Kemp, John A. Sweeney, Qiyong Gong
Summary: This study aimed to explore the changes in brain magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and their correlation with symptom severity. The results showed that individuals with FES had higher MTR values in certain brain regions, such as the left thalamus, precuneus, cuneus, and paracentral lobule, which were positively correlated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. A whole-brain MTR map was able to distinguish FES patients from healthy controls with a 75.5% accuracy using a support vector machine approach.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ernest Pedapati, Lauren M. Schmitt, Lauren E. Ethridge, Rui Liu, Elizabeth Smith, John A. Sweeney, Rebecca C. Shaffer, Kelli C. Dominick, Donald L. Gilbert, Steve W. Wu, Paul S. Horn, Devin Binder, Martine Lamy, Megan Axford, Makoto Miyakoshi, Craig A. Erickson
Summary: This study analyzes electroencephalography data from 70 patients with Fragile X syndrome and discovers unique changes in neural activity, highlighting the role of disrupted thalamocortical modulation in local hyperexcitability.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johanna Seitz-Holland, Joanne D. Wojcik, Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak, Amanda E. Lyall, Ofer Pasternak, Yogesh Rathi, Mark Vangel, Godfrey Pearlson, Carol Tamminga, John A. Sweeney, Brett A. Clementz, David A. Schretlen, Petra Verena Viher, Katharina Stegmayer, Sebastian Walther, Jungsun Lee, Tim Crow, Anthony James, Aristotle Voineskos, Robert W. Buchanan, Philip R. Szeszko, Anil K. Malhotra, Sinead Kelly, Martha E. Shenton, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Raquelle Mesholam-Gately, Marek Kubicki
Summary: Cognitive deficits are highly prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia and are associated with positive symptoms and medication dosage. White matter microstructure plays a mediating role in the association between schizophrenia and cognitive deficits.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lei Ding, Guofa Shou, Yoon-Hee Cha, John A. Sweeney, Han Yuan
Summary: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals brain-wide coordinated patterns of spontaneous neural activity in the human brain. However, understanding the fast brain-wide networks at the timescales of neuronal events remains limited due to temporal constraints. In this study, using scalp-based electroencephalography (EEG), researchers reconstructed cortical neural tomography and identified brain-wide intrinsic networks and their dynamics.
Article
Psychiatry
Maolin Hu, Yan Xia, Xiaofen Zong, John A. Sweeney, Jeffrey R. Bishop, Yanhui Liao, Gina Giase, Bingshan Li, Leah H. Rubin, Yunpeng Wang, Zongchang Li, Ying He, Xiaogang Chen, Chunyu Liu, Chao Chen, Jinsong Tang
Summary: This study suggests that short-term treatment with risperidone leads to changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Risperidone therapy has a beneficial effect on DNAm, and these changes are related to changes in brain physiology, cognition, and symptom severity.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kathryn E. Unruh, James Bartolotti, Walker S. McKinney, Lauren M. Schmitt, John A. Sweeney, Matthew W. Mosconi
Summary: Sensorimotor issues in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involve deficits in multimodal sensory feedback integration and reduced reliance on error-monitoring processes. This study found that individuals with ASD showed reduced functional connectivity in specific brain regions during a visuomotor task at high force levels. Additionally, reduced connectivity was associated with more severe ASD symptoms. These findings suggest that parietal-cerebellar connectivity may serve as a neural marker underlying both core and comorbid features of ASD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak, Amanda E. E. Lyall, Maria A. A. Di Biase, Johanna Seitz-Holland, Fan Zhang, Sinead Kelly, Doron Elad, Godfrey Pearlson, Carol A. A. Tamminga, John A. A. Sweeney, Brett A. A. Clementz, David Schretlen, Katharina Stegmayer, Sebastian Walther, Jungsun Lee, Tim Crow, Anthony James, Aristotle Voineskos, Robert W. W. Buchanan, Philip R. R. Szeszko, Anil K. K. Malhotra, Matcheri Keshavan, Martha E. E. Shenton, Yogesh Rathi, Ofer Pasternak, Marek Kubicki
Summary: Studies using Free Water Imaging have consistently found increased extracellular free water in individuals with early psychosis, but the time course of these elevations and their relationship with illness duration have not been extensively studied. Our multi-site analysis of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans from individuals with schizophrenia at different illness stages and ages reveals that average whole brain free water is higher in individuals with schizophrenia across all ages, with the greatest values observed in early adulthood. Additionally, free water is negatively associated with illness duration.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Bill Browder, John Sweeney
INDEX ON CENSORSHIP
(2021)