Diagnostic test evaluation methodology: A systematic review of methods employed to evaluate diagnostic tests in the absence of gold standard – An update

Testing Pneumonia Vaccines in the Elderly: Determining a Case Definition for Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the Absence of a Gold Standard

(2018) Jukka Jokinen et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

Diagnostic accuracy and prediction increment of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition to assess cancer cell detachment from primary tumors

(2018) Evan L. Busch et al.   BMC CANCER

Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical and Microbiological Signs in Patients With Skin Lesions Resembling Buruli Ulcer in an Endemic Region

(2018) Miriam Eddyani et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Evaluation of a novel line probe assay to detect resistance to pyrazinamide, a key drug used for tuberculosis treatment

(2018) M. Driesen et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Different latent class models were used and evaluated for assessing the accuracy of campylobacter diagnostic tests: overcoming imperfect reference standards?

(2018) J. Asselineau et al.   EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Dual composite reference standards (dCRS) in molecular diagnostic research: A new approach to reduce bias in the presence of Imperfect reference

(2018) Shaowu Tang et al.   Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics

Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Immunochromatographic Tests Detecting Campylobacter in Stools and Their Role in Campylobacter Infection Diagnosis

(2018) Emilie Bessède et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Fuzzy gold standards: Approaches to handling an imperfect reference standard

(2018) Tanya Walsh   JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY

Diagnosis of bovine dictyocaulosis by bronchoalveolar lavage technique: A comparative study using a Bayesian approach

(2018) Thibaut Lurier et al.   PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE

Estimation of the volume under the receiver-operating characteristic surface adjusting for non-ignorable verification bias

(2018) Ying Zhang et al.   STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

Highly Accurate Chimeric Proteins for the Serological Diagnosis of Chronic Chagas Disease: A Latent Class Analysis

(2018) Fred Luciano Neves Santos et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE

Predicting inflammatory bowel disease in children with abdominal pain and diarrhoea: calgranulin-C versus calprotectin stool tests

(2018) Anke Heida et al.   ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD

Bayesian Semiparametric ROC surface estimation under verification bias

(2018) Rui Zhu et al.   COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS

Diagnostic values of KOH examination, histological examination, and culture for onychomycosis: a latent class analysis

(2018) Bilge Fettahloğlu Karaman et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

A Bayesian latent class approach for EHR-based phenotyping

(2018) Rebecca A. Hubbard et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Bayesian estimation of logistic regression with misclassified covariates and response

(2017) Brandi N. Falley et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS

Evaluation of the cobas Cdiff Test for Detection of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Stool Samples

(2017) Lance R. Peterson et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

A host-protein based assay to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections in preschool children (OPPORTUNITY): a double-blind, multicentre, validation study

(2017) Chantal B van Houten et al.   LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Diagnostic accuracy of nasal cannula versus microphone for detection of snoring

(2017) María Teresa Pérez-Warnisher et al.   LARYNGOSCOPE

Bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of a milk pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-based ELISA and of transrectal ultrasonographic exam for diagnosis of pregnancy at 28–45 days following breeding in dairy cows

(2017) Simon Dufour et al.   PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE

A method to compare the performance of two molecular diagnostic tools in the absence of a gold standard

(2017) Xiaonan Xue et al.   STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

Biomarker validation with an imperfect reference: Issues and bounds

(2017) Sarah C Emerson et al.   STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

A Bayesian approach to model the conditional correlation between several diagnostic tests and various replicated subjects measurements

(2017) Hélio Doyle Pereira da Silva et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Reporting guidelines for diagnostic accuracy studies that use Bayesian latent class models (STARD-BLCM)

(2017) Polychronis Kostoulas et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Comparison of one commercial and two in-house TaqMan multiplex real-time PCR assays for detection of enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

(2017) Andreas Hahn et al.   TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

Nonparametric verification bias-corrected inference for the area under the ROC curve of a continuous-scale diagnostic test

(2017) Gianfranco Adimari et al.   Statistics and Its Interface

Inverse probability weighting estimation of the volume under the ROC surface in the presence of verification bias

(2016) Ying Zhang et al.   BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL

Estimation of diagnostic accuracy of a combination of continuous biomarkers allowing for conditional dependence between the biomarkers and the imperfect reference-test

(2016) Leandro García Barrado et al.   BIOMETRICS

Recommendations for a step-wise comparative approach to the evaluation of new screening tests for colorectal cancer

(2016) Graeme P. Young et al.   CANCER

Partial verification bias and incorporation bias affected accuracy estimates of diagnostic studies for biomarkers that were part of an existing composite gold standard

(2016) Annika Karch et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Comparison of electron microscopy, ELISA, real time RT-PCR and insulated isothermal RT-PCR for the detection of Rotavirus group A (RVA) in feces of different animal species

(2016) Mohamed A. Soltan et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS

Diagnostic disagreement between tests of evacuatory function: a prospective study of 100 constipated patients

(2016) S. Palit et al.   NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY

Bias–corrected methods for estimating the receiver operating characteristic surface of continuous diagnostic tests

(2016) Khanh To Duc et al.   Electronic Journal of Statistics

Anticipating missing reference standard data when planning diagnostic accuracy studies

(2016) Christiana A Naaktgeboren et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

Anticipating missing reference standard data when planning diagnostic accuracy studies

(2016) Christiana A Naaktgeboren et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

Application of real-time PCR for the detection of Strongyloides spp. in clinical samples in a reference center in Spain

(2015) José M. Saugar et al.   ACTA TROPICA

A pseudo-likelihood approach for estimating diagnostic accuracy of multiple binary medical tests

(2015) Wei Liu et al.   COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS

Latent class analysis of diagnostic tests for adenovirus, Bordetella pertussis and influenza virus infections in German adults with longer lasting coughs

(2015) C. SOBOTZKI et al.   EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Nearest-Neighbor Estimation for ROC Analysis under Verification Bias

(2015) Gianfranco Adimari et al.  

Evaluation of performance of bacterial culture of feces and serum ELISA across stages of Johne’s disease in cattle using a Bayesian latent class model

(2015) L.A. Espejo et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

An Integrated Bayesian Nonparametric Approach for Stochastic and Variability Orders in ROC Curve Estimation: An Application to Endometriosis Diagnosis

(2015) Beom Seuk Hwang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION

Evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for feline AB system blood typing

(2015) Eva Spada et al.   JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE

Validation of a Screening Tool to Identify Undernutrition in Ambulatory Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

(2015) Amy N. Booi et al.   NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

Bayesian estimation of the accuracy of ICD-9-CM- and CPT-4-based algorithms to identify cholecystectomy procedures in administrative data without a reference standard

(2015) S. Reza Jafarzadeh et al.   PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY

Bayesian modeling and inference for diagnostic accuracy and probability of disease based on multiple diagnostic biomarkers with and without a perfect reference standard

(2015) S. Reza Jafarzadeh et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Development of a diagnostic test based on multiple continuous biomarkers with an imperfect reference test

(2015) Leandro García Barrado et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Bias due to composite reference standards in diagnostic accuracy studies

(2015) Ian Schiller et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Turn-Amplitude Analysis as a Diagnostic Test for Myofascial Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain

(2015) Fernando Itza et al.   Pain Research & Management

Nearest-Neighbor Estimation for ROC Analysis under Verification Bias

(2015) Gianfranco Adimari et al.   International Journal of Biostatistics

Diagnostic Accuracy Measures

(2014) Paolo Eusebi   CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Sample size estimation in diagnostic test studies of biomedical informatics

(2014) Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki   JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS

A Consensus-based Gold Standard for the Evaluation of Mass Casualty Triage Systems

(2014) E. Brooke Lerner et al.   Prehospital Emergency Care

Bayesian ROC curve estimation under verification bias

(2014) Jiezhun Gu et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Estimation of diagnostic test accuracy without full verification: a review of latent class methods

(2014) John Collins et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Understanding the Direction of Bias in Studies of Diagnostic Test Accuracy

(2013) Michael A. Kohn et al.   ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Latent Class Models in Diagnostic Studies When There is No Reference Standard--A Systematic Review

(2013) M. van Smeden et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

Evaluating Diagnostic Accuracy in the Face of Multiple Reference Standards

(2013) Christiana A. Naaktgeboren et al.   ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Understanding Sources of Bias in Diagnostic Accuracy Studies

(2013) Robert L. Schmidt et al.   ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE

Covariate Adjustment in Estimating the Area Under ROC Curve with Partially Missing Gold Standard

(2013) Danping Liu et al.   BIOMETRICS

A systematic review classifies sources of bias and variation in diagnostic test accuracy studies

(2013) Penny F. Whiting et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

A new method to address verification bias in studies of clinical screening tests: cervical cancer screening assays as an example

(2013) Xiaonan Xue et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Bench-top validation testing of selected immunological and molecularRenibacterium salmoninarumdiagnostic assays by comparison with quantitative bacteriological culture

(2013) D G Elliott et al.   JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES

Variability and accuracy in interpretation of consolidation on chest radiography for diagnosing pneumonia in children under 5 years of age

(2013) Gabrielle J. Williams et al.   PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY

Using a Web-Based Application to Define the Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests When the Gold Standard Is Imperfect

(2013) Cherry Lim et al.   PLoS One

A crossed random effects modeling approach for estimating diagnostic accuracy from ordinal ratings without a gold standard

(2013) Yunlong Xie et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

A Bayesian approach to strengthen inference for case-control studies with multiple error-prone exposure assessments

(2013) Jing Zhang et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Comparison of the two fully automated anti-HCMV IgG assays: Abbott Architect CMV IgG assay and Biotest anti-HCMV recombinant IgG ELISA

(2013) D. Juhl et al.   TRANSFUSION MEDICINE

Bayesian modelling to estimate the test characteristics of coprology, coproantigen ELISA and a novel real-time PCR for the diagnosis of taeniasis

(2013) Nicolas Praet et al.   TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

Value of composite reference standards in diagnostic research

(2013) C. A. Naaktgeboren et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

Development and Validation of the Function In Sitting Test in Adults With Acute Stroke

(2013) Sharon L. Gorman et al.   Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy

Use of Expert Panels to Define the Reference Standard in Diagnostic Research: A Systematic Review of Published Methods and Reporting

(2013) Loes C. M. Bertens et al.   PLOS MEDICINE

Interferon-γ release assay versus tuberculin skin test prior to treatment with golimumab, a human anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis

(2012) Elizabeth C. Hsia et al.   ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM

Estimating Diagnostic Accuracy of Raters Without a Gold Standard by Exploiting a Group of Experts

(2012) Bo Zhang et al.   BIOMETRICS

Beyond Diagnostic Accuracy: The Clinical Utility of Diagnostic Tests

(2012) P. M. M. Bossuyt et al.   CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

Screening trial of human papillomavirus for early detection of cervical cancer in Santiago, Chile

(2012) Catterina Ferreccio et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER

Chapter 9: Options for Summarizing Medical Test Performance in the Absence of a “Gold Standard”

(2012) Thomas A. Trikalinos et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE

Interrater and Intrarater Reliability in the Diagnosis and Staging of Endometriosis

(2012) Karen C. Schliep et al.   OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Statistical Methods Used to Test for Agreement of Medical Instruments Measuring Continuous Variables in Method Comparison Studies: A Systematic Review

(2012) Rafdzah Zaki et al.   PLoS One

Bayesian estimation of true prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of indirect ELISA, Rose Bengal Test and Slow Agglutination Test for the diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep and goats in Bangladesh

(2012) A.K.M. Anisur Rahman et al.   PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE

Correction: How to deal with double partial verification when evaluating two index tests in relation to a reference test?

(2012) Nan van Geloven et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Evaluating accuracy of diagnostic tests with intermediate results in the absence of a gold standard

(2012) Huiping Xu et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Semiparametric Estimation of the Covariate-Specific ROC Curve in Presence of Ignorable Verification Bias

(2011) Danping Liu et al.   BIOMETRICS

A robust method using propensity score stratification for correcting verification bias for binary tests

(2011) Hua He et al.   BIOSTATISTICS

Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy in detecting ordered symptom statuses without a gold standard

(2011) Z. Wang et al.   BIOSTATISTICS

Clinical Performance of Two Fluorescence-Based Methods in Detecting Occlusal Caries Lesions in Primary Teeth

(2011) R. Matos et al.   CARIES RESEARCH

Bayesian analysis of longitudinal Johne's disease diagnostic data without a gold standard test

(2011) C. Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

Relative performances of FibroTest, Fibroscan, and biopsy for the assessment of the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A step toward the truth in the absence of a gold standard

(2011) Thierry Poynard et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Adjusting ROC curves for covariates in the presence of verification bias

(2011) Ronen Fluss et al.   JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE

Assessing the accuracy of a multiphase diagnosis procedure for dementia

(2011) Binbing Yu et al.   JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS

Estimation of the accuracy of two diagnostic methods for the detection of Plum pox virus in nursery blocks by latent class models

(2011) E. Vidal et al.   PLANT PATHOLOGY

Diagnostic performance measures of ELISA and quantitative PCR tests for porcine circovirus type 2 exposure using Bayesian latent class analysis

(2011) Charles Haley et al.   PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE

Use of a third class in latent class modelling for the diagnostic evaluation of five infectious salmon anaemia virus detection tests

(2011) Charles Caraguel et al.   PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE

Sample size calculations for ROC studies: parametric robustness and Bayesian nonparametrics

(2011) Dunlei Cheng et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

How to deal with double partial verification when evaluating two index tests in relation to a reference test?

(2011) Nan van Geloven et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Bias in estimating accuracy of a binary screening test with differential disease verification

(2011) Todd A. Alonzo et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Random effects models for assessing diagnostic accuracy of traditional Chinese doctors in absence of a gold standard

(2011) Zheyu Wang et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Evaluating Diagnostic Tests forChlamydia trachomatisin the Absence of a Gold Standard: A Comparison of Three Statistical Methods

(2011) Nandini Dendukuri et al.   Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research

Correcting for Partial Verification Bias: A Comparison of Methods

(2010) Joris A.H. de Groot et al.   ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

A Model for Adjusting for Nonignorable Verification Bias in Estimation of the ROC Curve and Its Area with Likelihood-Based Approach

(2010) Danping Liu et al.   BIOMETRICS

Bayesian Estimation for Performance Measures of Two Diagnostic Tests in the Presence of Verification Bias

(2010) Davi Casale Aragon et al.   Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics

Age-Stratified Bayesian Analysis To Estimate Sensitivity and Specificity of Four Diagnostic Tests for Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Neonatal Calves

(2010) V. De Waele et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Comparison of the accuracy of multiple binary tests in the presence of partial disease verification

(2010) José Antonio Roldán Nofuentes et al.   JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE

Receiver operating characteristic surfaces in the presence of verification bias

(2010) Yueh-Yun Chi et al.   JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS

An application of multinomial logistic regression to estimating performance of a multiple-screening test with incomplete verification

(2010) Chris J. Lloyd et al.   JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS

Estimating the Accuracy of Anal Cytology in the Presence of an Imperfect Reference Standard

(2010) William C. Mathews et al.   PLoS One

A Bayesian approach to simultaneously adjusting for verification and reference standard bias in diagnostic test studies

(2010) Ying Lu et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Bayesian estimation of the receiver operating characteristic curve for a diagnostic test with a limit of detection in the absence of a gold standard

(2010) Seyed Reza Jafarzadeh et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Estimation of the ROC Curve under Verification Bias

(2009) Ronen Fluss et al.   BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL

Bayesian Estimation of the Probability of Asbestos Exposure from Lung Fiber Counts

(2009) Scott Weichenthal et al.   BIOMETRICS

Bias in trials comparing paired continuous tests can cause researchers to choose the wrong screening modality

(2009) Deborah H Glueck et al.   BMC Medical Research Methodology

Computational methods for comparing two binary diagnostic tests in the presence of partial verification of the disease

(2009) J. A. Roldán Nofuentes et al.   COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS

6-[F-18]Fluoro-l-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Positron Emission Tomography Is Superior to Conventional Imaging with123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy, Computer Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Localizing Tumors Causing Catecholamine Excess

(2009) Helle-Brit Fiebrich et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

A review of solutions for diagnostic accuracy studies with an imperfect or missing reference standard

(2009) Johannes B. Reitsma et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Statistical methods to correct for verification bias in diagnostic studies are inadequate when there are few false negatives: a simulation study

(2008) Angel M Cronin et al.   BMC Medical Research Methodology

Estimation of the disease-specific diagnostic marker distribution under verification bias

(2008) John H. Page et al.   COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS

A Bayesian modelling framework to estimateCampylobacterprevalence and culture methods sensitivity: application to a chicken meat survey in Belgium

(2008) I. Habib et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

EM algorithm for comparing two binary diagnostic tests when not all the patients are verified

(2008) J. A. Roldan Nofuentes et al.   JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION

On Estimating Diagnostic Accuracy From Studies With Multiple Raters and Partial Gold Standard Evaluation

(2008) Paul S Albert et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION

A Capture–Recapture Approach for Screening Using Two Diagnostic Tests With Availability of Disease Status for the Test Positives Only

(2008) Dankmar Böhning et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION

Using pseudogold standards and latent-class analysis in combination to evaluate the accuracy of three diagnostic tests

(2008) Pascale Nérette et al.   PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE

Bayesian latent class models with conditionally dependent diagnostic tests: A case study

(2008) Joris Menten et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Bayesian semiparametric ROC curve estimation and disease diagnosis

(2008) Adam J. Branscum et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Estimating diagnostic accuracy of multiple binary tests with an imperfect reference standard

(2008) Paul S. Albert   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Direct estimation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the presence of verification bias

(2008) Hua He et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Modeling conditional dependence between diagnostic tests: A multiple latent variable model

(2008) Nandini Dendukuri et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Adjusting for verification bias in diagnostic test evaluation: A Bayesian approach

(2007) Manuela Buzoianu et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE