Lipidomic Analysis of the Protective Effects of Shenling Baizhu San on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats

Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS), a famous traditional Chinese medicine, has been demonstrated to exert protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its exact mechanisms have not been well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SLBZS in a rat model of NAFLD using lipidomics and to evaluate the role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the mechanism of SLBZS against NAFLD. The rat model of NAFLD was induced by high-fat feeding. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based untargeted lipidomics approach was applied to analyze hepatic lipid alterations, and the SIRT1-selective inhibitor EX 527 was used to inhibit SIRT expression in the liver. The results of body and biochemical parameters, as well as histological changes, indicated that SLBZS administration exerted protective effects against NAFLD. Lipidomic analysis showed that 30 lipid species were effectively regulated by SLBZS administration in rats fed a high-fat diet. Pathway analysis indicated that glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism were potential target pathways closely involved in the mechanism of SLBZS against NAFLD. Moreover, the beneficial effects of SLBZS on hepatic steatosis, some biochemical parameters and hepatic lipid species were partly diminished by SIRT1 inhibition. In conclusion, our results suggested that SLBZS administration could effectively alter some hepatic lipid species in rats fed a high-fat diet, which was mainly associated with the regulation of glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid metabolism. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of SLBZS on hepatic lipid metabolism may be at least partly attributed to SIRT1 activation in the liver.