Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 24, Issue 20, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203632
Keywords
Codonopsis pilosula; polysaccharide; Peyer's patch; immunomodulation
Funding
- International Cooperation Projects of Science AMP
- Technology Department of Sichuan Province [2017HH0093]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2016M602704]
- Sichuan Veterinary Medicine and Drug Innovation Group of China Agricultural Research System (CARS-SVDIP)
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In this study, an acidic polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (WCP-I) and its main fragment, WCP-Ia, obtained after pectinase digestion, were structurally elucidated and found to consist of a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) region containing both arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and type II (AG-II) as sidechains. They both expressed immunomodulating activity against Peyer's patch cells. Endo-1,4-beta -galactanase degradation gave a decrease of interleukine 6 (IL-6) production compared with native WCP-I and WCP-Ia, but exo-alpha -l-arabinofuranosidase digestion showed no changes in activity. This demonstrated that the stimulation activity partly disappeared with removal of beta -d-(1 -> 4)-galactan chains, proving that the AG-I side chain plays an important role in immunoregulation activity. WCP-Ia had a better promotion effect than WCP-I in vivo, shown through an increased spleen index, higher concentrations of IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in serum, and a slight increment in the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocyte ratio. These results suggest that beta -d-(1 -> 4)-galactan-containing chains in WCP-I play an essential role in the expression of immunomodulating activity. Combining all the results in this and previous studies, the intestinal immune system might be the target site of WCP-Ia.
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