Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Biljana Djurdjevic, Vladimir Polacek, Marko Pajic, Tamas Petrovic, Ivana Vucicevic, Dejan Vidanovic, Sanja Aleksic-Kovacevic
Summary: A novel highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza virus was transmitted through migratory birds in Europe in 2016 and 2017. It first appeared in wild birds in Serbia and then spread to backyard poultry. In 2021/2022, new cases of avian influenza with the H5N1 subtype were reported. This study aims to describe the outbreaks in backyard chickens and identify the virus, confirming severe systemic disease with neurological symptoms.
Letter
Immunology
Xiang Li, Xinru Lv, Yi Li, Peng Peng, Ruifang Zhou, Siyuan Qin, Enda Ma, Wendiang Liu, Tian Fu, Peiran Ma, Qing An, Yiran Li, Yuping Hua, Yulong Wang, Chengliang Lei, Dong Chu, Heting Sun, Yanbing Li, Yuwei Gao, Hongliang Chai
Summary: In October 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses were detected in 2 dead swans in Inner Mongolia, China. Genetic analysis showed that the H5N8 isolates belong to Glade 2.3.4.4b and cluster with the H5N8 viruses isolated in Eurasia in the fall of 2020.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Umberto Molini, John Yabe, Irene K. Meki, Hatem Ouled Ahmed Ben Ali, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Sneha Datta, Lauren Michelle Coetzee, Ellini Hamunyela, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien, William G. Dundon
Summary: In January 2022, a significant number of Cape cormorants in Namibia's west coast were found dead, and subsequent testing confirmed the presence of H5N1 avian influenza. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and were closely related to viruses identified in Lesotho and Botswana in 2021. This study provides the first genomic characterization of H5N1 viruses in Namibia and highlights the significance for poultry disease management and wildlife conservation in the region.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Ivan Sobolev, Kirill Sharshov, Nikita Dubovitskiy, Olga Kurskaya, Alexander Alekseev, Sergey Leonov, Yuriy Yushkov, Victor Irza, Andrey Komissarov, Artem Fadeev, Daria Danilenko, Junki Mine, Ryota Tsunekuni, Yuko Uchida, Takehiko Saito, Alexander Shestopalov
Summary: Two variants of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus were detected in dead poultry in Western Siberia, Russia, during August and September 2020. One variant belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and the other was a novel reassortant between clade 2.3.4.4b and Eurasian low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses circulating in wild birds.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Christine H. T. Bui, Denise I. T. Kuok, Hin Wo Yeung, Ka-Chun Ng, Daniel K. W. Chu, Richard J. Webby, John M. Nicholls, J. S. Malik Peiris, Kenrie P. Y. Hui, Michael C. W. Chan
Summary: The recent HPAI A(H5N6/H5N8) avian isolates have the potential for zoonotic transmission but low transmissibility among humans. They showed differential cellular tropism in human airway organoids and induced low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Juan Li, Chunge Zhang, Jian Cao, Yongchun Yang, Hui Dong, Yanan Cui, Xue Yao, Hong Zhou, Lu Lu, Samantha Lycett, Xiaodu Wang, Houhui Song, Wenjun Liu, George F. Gao, Weifeng Shi, Yuhai Bi
Summary: In mid-November 2020, deaths of whooper swans were reported in the Yellow River Reservoir Area, China. This study identified four clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 highly avian influenza viruses from a sick whooper swan and environmental samples, closely related to recent H5Nx HPAIVs causing outbreaks in Eurasia. The newly identified H5N8 HPAIVs possessed avian-like receptors but had antigenic mutations, highlighting the risk of rapid global spread and the need for continuous monitoring of avian influenza viruses in wild birds.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Saki Sakuma, Yuko Uchida, Momoyo Kajita, Taichiro Tanikawa, Junki Mine, Ryota Tsunekuni, Takehiko Saito
Summary: On November 5, 2020, an outbreak of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus occurred at an egg-hen farm in Kagawa prefecture, Japan, resulting in 100% mortality of chickens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus is closely related to H5N8 HPAIVs isolated from wild bird feces collected in Hokkaido (Japan) and Korea, as well as to those isolated in European countries during the winter of 2019-2020.
Letter
Immunology
Nancy Beerens, Rene Heutink, Frank Harders, Marit Roose, Sylvia B. E. Pritz-Verschuren, Evelien A. Germeraad, Marc Engelsma
Summary: In October 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus was detected in mute swans in the Netherlands, sharing a common ancestor with similar viruses detected in Egypt in 2018-2019, but not directly related to viruses detected in Europe in the first half of 2020.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Guimei He, Le Ming, Xiang Li, Yuhe Song, Ling Tang, Min Ma, Jie Cui, Tianhou Wang
Summary: In late 2020, 32 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses were detected in migratory ducks in Shanghai, China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 2 sublineages of clade 2.3.4.4b, each forming separate clusters with isolates from East Asia and Europe.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Jiasong Xiong, Hao Zhou, Lifang Fan, Gongliang Zhu, Yong Li, Guang Chen, Jun Zhang, Jundong Li, Hesong Zheng, Wei Feng, Jing Chen, Guoxiang Yang, Quanjiao Chen
Summary: The study identified eleven highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses that were detected in migratory birds in Central China between November and December 2020. These strains were found to be highly homologous to those isolated in Europe from October to December 2020, suggesting a possible spread from Siberia via migratory birds. The research also revealed that H5N8 virus infection in migratory birds could lead to severe pathological damage and high viral load in multiple organs.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Debapriyo Chakraborty, Claire Guinat, Nicola F. Muller, Francois-Xavier Briand, Mathieu Andraud, Axelle Scoizec, Sophie Lebouquin, Eric Niqueux, Audrey Schmitz, Beatrice Grasland, Jean-Luc Guerin, Mathilde C. Paul, Timothee Vergne
Summary: This study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in France in 2016-2017 and assessed the impact of control measures on viral spread. The results showed that large-scale culling of ducks significantly reduced viral spread between regions, while restrictions on duck transport within regions may not completely stop the viral spread.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nahed Yehia, Ahmed M. Erfan, Amany Adel, Ahmed El-Tayeb, Wafaa M. M. Hassan, Ahmed Samy, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Kawkab A. Ahmed
Summary: This study compared the pathogenicity, replication, and transmissibility of different genotypes of H5N8 avian influenza viruses in Egypt. The F446 genotype showed higher pathogenicity and transmission ability in chickens compared to other H5N8 viruses, and had higher viral titers than H5N1.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Zhen He, Tiezhi Jin, Weikang Wu, Zhe Zhao, Zhenhua Lu, Shuxuan Song, Kun Liu, Zhongjun Shao
Summary: Three highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) viruses were found in migratory bird Podiceps nigricollis in Northwest China in June 2021. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these H5N8 isolates belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and showed high similarity to strains from China and South Korea. This study used Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing technology to detect H5N8 virus infection in Podiceps nigricollis, which caused pathological changes in multiple organs.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Timothee Vergne, Simon Gubbins, Claire Guinat, Billy Bauzile, Mattias Delpont, Debapriyo Chakraborty, Hugo Gruson, Benjamin Roche, Mathieu Andraud, Mathilde Paul, Jean-Luc Guerin
Summary: By analyzing duck mortality data from the index farm using a stochastic epidemic model, key transmission dynamics parameters of highly pathogenic avian influenza were identified, providing insight into the potential infectious threat and emphasizing the importance of early prediction and management in disease outbreaks.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Woo-Hyun Kim, Sun Hak Bae, Seongbeom Cho
Summary: The study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of HPAI H5N8 outbreaks in poultry farms in South Korea from January 2014 to June 2015, revealing that the epidemic was mainly characterized by short-term transmission and supported strict control strategies. It was found that the introduction of the epidemic in South Korea started from the southwestern region and spread to the middle region.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ulaankhuu Ankhanbaatar, Tserenchimed Sainnokhoi, Buyantogtokh Khanui, Gerelmaa Ulziibat, Tserenjav Jargalsaikhan, Dulam Purevtseren, Tirumala Bharani K. Settypalli, John Flannery, William G. Dundon, Ganzorig Basan, Carrie Batten, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien
Summary: African swine fever (ASF) is a severe haemorrhagic disease of pigs caused by the ASFV virus, which has spread to Europe and Asia. Mongolia reported its first outbreak on January 15th, 2019, becoming the second country in the region affected by the disease after China. The Mongolian ASFV belong to genotype II and serogroup 8, indicating a possible cross-border spread of the virus.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Umberto Molini, Giuseppe Marruchella, Frieda Matheus, Yvonne Maria Hemberger, Bernard Chiwome, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, Giovanni Franzo
Summary: The study found no presence of PCV-3 in pigs in Namibia, indicating that the virus may either not be present in the country or circulating at low levels. Further research is needed to understand the distribution of PCV-3 in Namibia.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Umberto Molini, Giovanni Franzo, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Maria Y. Hemberger, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon, Charles E. Lamien
Summary: Important swine pathogens, African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1), were identified in warthogs in Namibia and genetically characterized in this study. The findings will be of interest to those working in swine disease management and control. Understanding virus circulation in wild animals, especially those in contact with domestic animals, is crucial for disease management and control.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Raffaella Maggi, Douglas Mudimba, Giuseppe Marruchella
Summary: This is a case report of a Haflinger breed mare with mandibular osteoma, which was diagnosed through clinical observation, imaging, and pathology. Osteomas can usually be treated with surgical excision and have a good prognosis.
JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Paola Stratico, Elisabetta Razzuoli, Jasmine Hattab, Giulia Guerri, Gianluca Celani, Adriana Palozzo, Daniele Bonanni, Floriana Fruscione, Vincenzo Varasano, Lucio Petrizzi, Giuseppe Marruchella
Summary: This is a case report of a 7-year-old Friesian stallion with a history of oesophageal stenosis, weight loss, inappetence, and recurrent hyperthermia. Gastroscopy revealed a large, necrotic, and ulcerated mass around the oesophageal opening. Post-mortem examination showed a very large, cauliflower-like neoplasm affecting the non-glandular gastric mucosa, with nodular lesions observed on the omentum, spleen, and liver. Microscopic findings confirmed the diagnosis of gastric squamous cell carcinoma with abdominal metastasis, and biomolecular investigations identified the presence of EcPV-2 genes in the neoplastic lesions.
JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Giovanni Franzo, Habibata Lamouni Zerbo, Bruno Lalidia Ouoba, Adama Drabo Dji-Tombo, Marietou Guitti Kindo, Rasablaga Sawadogo, Jelly Chang'a, Stella Bitanyi, Aloyce Kamigwe, Charles Mayenga, Modou Moustapha Lo, Mbengue Ndiaye, Aminata Ba, Gaye Laye Diop, Iolanda Vieira Anahory, Lourenco P. Mapaco, Sara J. Acha, Valere Kouame Kouakou, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Stephen G. Gacheru, Jacqueline K. Lichoti, Justus K. Kasivalu, Obadiah N. Njagi, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien, Umberto Molini, William G. Dundon
Summary: Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs, and the emergence of virulent strains and low vaccine protection is of increasing concern. In this study, 71 sequences from eight African countries were analyzed, revealing a pattern similar to that observed in high-income regions. The African scenario has been shaped by international movement of PPV1 from Europe and Asia, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation of control strategies.
Article
Virology
Samantha L. Letsholo, Joe James, Stephanie M. Meyer, Alexander M. P. Byrne, Scott M. Reid, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Sneha Datta, Letlhogile Oarabile, Obakeng Kemolatlhe, Kgakgamatso T. Pebe, Bruce R. Mafonko, Tebogo J. Kgotlele, Kago Kumile, Boitumelo Modise, Carter Thanda, John F. C. Nyange, Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien, Ian H. Brown, William G. Dundon, Ashley C. Banyard
Summary: Numerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in Africa, including in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Botswana. The detection of H5N1 virus in Botswana has significant implications for disease management, wildlife conservation, tourism, public health, vulnerable communities empowerment, and food security in the region.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Kouramoudou Berete, Theophilus Odoom, Lamouni Habibata Zerbo, Koffi Yao Mathurin, Valere Kouame Kouakou, Mohamed Idriss Doumbouya, Aminata Balde, Patrick Tetteh Ababio, Lalidia Bruno Ouoba, Dominique Guigma, Adama Dji-tombo Drobo, Marietou Guitti, Sherry Ama Mawuko Johnson, David Livingstone Mawuko Blavo, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien, William G. Dundon
Summary: Samples collected from goats and sheep in four West African countries were screened for peste des petits ruminants viruses, and Lineages II and IV were found. Lineage IV was reported for the first time in all four countries. This information is important for local and regional authorities involved in managing the spread of the virus.
Article
Microbiology
Jasmine Hattab, Giuseppe Marruchella, Alessandra Sibra, Pietro Giorgio Tiscar, Gianluca Todisco
Summary: Investigations on bacterial communities, especially gut bacterial communities, in birds have gained significant attention due to its role in animal production and public health. This study aimed to explore the evolution of gut bacterial communities in 12 healthy female canaries throughout their reproductive cycle. The results showed the presence of Lactobacillus aviarius throughout all phases and a noticeable shift in microbiota during molting and rest. This research suggests that Lactobacillus aviarius may have potential applications in restoring normal bacterial flora in debilitated birds, thus improving their health and productivity.
Article
Microbiology
Raffaella Maggi, Livia De Paolis, Daria De Santis, Valerio Gaetano Vellone, Chiara Grazia De Ciucis, Floriana Fruscione, Katia Mazzocco, Alessandro Ghelardi, Giuseppe Marruchella, Elisabetta Razzuoli
Summary: In this paper, the authors describe the clinical and pathological features of a congenital papilloma observed in a foal, and demonstrate the presence of BPV1 infection using biomolecular tests. These findings, along with the absence of PV infection in previous cases, highlight the need for further investigations to understand the etiology of equine congenital papilloma and the potential clinical relevance of BPV1 vertical transmission in horses.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Alfonso Rosamilia, Giorgio Galletti, Stefano Benedetti, Chiara Guarnieri, Andrea Luppi, Stefano Capezzuto, Marco Tamba, Giuseppe Merialdi, Giuseppe Marruchella
Summary: The present study reported the data of porcine carcass condemnation in an Italian high-throughput slaughterhouse over 2 years. A total of 2,062,278 pigs were slaughtered during the study period. The most common reasons for condemnation were severe and diffuse peritonitis, disseminated abscesses, slaughter chain faults, and erysipelas.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Paola Stratico, Jasmine Hattab, Giulia Guerri, Augusto Carluccio, Lorenza Bandera, Gianluca Celani, Giuseppe Marruchella, Vincenzo Varasano, Lucio Petrizzi
Summary: Behavioral problems in horses, especially related to estrus, are common and difficult to diagnose and treat. This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of horses that underwent laparoscopic ovariectomy for unwanted behavior. The findings showed that behavioral improvement was reported by most owners after surgery, with a high incidence of granulosa cell tumors in the removed ovaries.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jasmine Hattab, Giuseppe Marruchella, Abigail Rose Trachtman, Luigino Gabrielli, Nicola Bernabo, Francesco Mosca, Pietro Giorgio Tiscar
Summary: This study investigates the impact and etiology of swine polyserositis, finding it to be a complex disease caused by multiple pathogens, making diagnosis and management challenging.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jasmine Hattab, Jessica Maria Abbate, Francesco Castelli, Giovanni Lanteri, Carmelo Iaria, Giuseppe Marruchella
Summary: This case report describes a 2-years-old Jersey breed cow that presented with severe respiratory distress and prolonged lateral recumbency one week after calving. Despite therapy, the cow died and necropsy revealed severe fibrinonecrotic tracheitis, pulmonary hemorrhages, fibrinous bronchopneumonia, and fibrinous pleuritis. Calcium deposits were also observed. Based on the clinical signs and pathological findings, it was concluded that the cow had aspiration pneumonia due to the accidental inhalation of liquid calcium salt supplement. This report highlights the importance of staff training in optimizing animal production and welfare.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jessica Maria Abbate, Alessia Giannetto, Carmelo Iaria, Kristian Riolo, Giuseppe Marruchella, Jasmine Hattab, Placido Calabro, Giovanni Lanteri
Summary: The article discusses the occurrence of PrV infection in a hunting dog in Sicily, providing genetic and phylogenetic data on the virus strain isolated in this Italian region. The findings suggest a direct interspecies transmission of PrV from wild boar populations to domestic dogs, highlighting the importance of understanding the epidemiology of PrV infection in wildlife.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2021)
