Competing Electronic Phases near the Onset of Superconductivity in Hole-doped SrFe2As2

An intriguingly complex phase diagram of Na-doped SrFe2As2 is uncovered using high-resolution thermal-expansion, magnetization, and heat-capacity measurements. The detailed temperature dependence of the orthorhombic distortion and the anisotropy of the uniform magnetic susceptibility provide evidence for nine distinct electronic phases near the transition region between stripe antiferromagnetism and unconventional superconductivity. In particular, we report the finding of a new magnetic phase which competes surprisingly strongly with superconductivity. From theoretical studies we propose that this phase is a double-Q phase consisting of a mixture of symmetry-distinct commensurate magnetic orders with a peculiar temperature-dependent magnetic moment reorientation.