Pesticides (Hexachlorocyclohexane, Aldrin, and Malathion) Residues in Home-Grown Eggs: Prevalence, Distribution, and Effect of Storage and Heat Treatments

The abuse of pesticides in home gardens may lead to contamination of home-grown eggs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), aldrin, and malathion pesticides residues in egg white and egg yolk of home-grown eggs in Jordan; and the effect of refrigerated storage and heat treatment (boiling and frying) on residues level. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect pesticide residues in egg samples (n = 200) obtained from households that raise laying hens in Jordan. About 96% of the tested eggs showed pesticide residues. None of the tested egg samples showed residual level above maximum residue limit (MRL 0.02 mg/kg) for HCH, whereas 33% and 44% of samples were above MRL for aldrin and malathion, respectively. All studied pesticide residues were detected from both egg yolk and egg white. The concentrations of malathion and aldrin (0.075 and 0.067 mg/kg) in egg yolk were higher than those (0.049 and 0.058 mg/kg) in egg white samples. Pesticide residue levels were quite stable during refrigeration storage whereas heat treatment (boiling at 100 degrees C and frying at 160 degrees C) significantly reduced contamination levels to values below MRL. The high level of pesticide residues in home-grown egg in Jordan may reflect the improper use of pesticides in home gardens and thus exposing the environment to unwanted pollution and the risk they may pose on human health. Practical Application Home-grown eggs could be exposed to pesticides more than commercial eggs as free-range hens interact directly with the environment and ingest soil or materials on/in the soil that might be contaminated with pesticides used in home gardens or farms. Exploring pesticides residues in home-grown eggs and effect of refrigerated storage and heat treatment (boiling and frying) on residue levels would be useful to consumers and health authorities.