Review
Virology
Mahgol Behnia, Steven B. Bradfute
Summary: Alphaviruses are global pathogens that can cause debilitating symptoms in humans and animals. This review focuses on the non-coding RNA responses in host cells during alphavirus infections, highlighting the knowledge gaps that future research should address. Understanding these responses can provide insights into the pathogenesis of alphavirus diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Oana Sasaran, Lorena Elena Melit, Ecaterina Daniela Dobru
Summary: Helicobacter pylori is the most researched etiological factor for gastric inflammation and malignancies, with Toll-like receptors playing a key role in recognizing the bacterium. MicroRNAs modulate TLR signaling and are regulated by NF-κB-dependent pathways. Certain MiRNAs can potentially serve as non-invasive biomarkers for discriminating H. pylori infection and associated complications, connecting gastric inflammation to pre-neoplastic and malignant lesions. Further research is needed to clarify the exact involvement of these entities in the progression of H. pylori-associated gastric conditions, especially in children.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pathology
Ahmed S. Doghish, Mohamed A. Ali, Mahmoud A. Elrebehy, Hend H. Mohamed, Reda Mansour, Aml Ghanem, Ahmed Hassan, Mohammed S. Elballal, Ola Elazazy, Ahmed E. Elesawy, Sherif S. Abdel Mageed, Yara A. Nassar, Osama A. Mohammed, Ahmed I. Abulsoud
Summary: Toxoplasmosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by the parasite T. gondii. The infection can remain unnoticed in immunocompetent individuals but can be serious for newborns and those with compromised immunity. Dysregulation of miRNA plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease and can be used for its diagnosis and prognosis.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alberto Gomez-Carballa, Ruth Barral-Arca, Miriam Cebey-Lopez, Maria Jose Curras-Tuala, Sara Pischedda, Jose Gomez-Rial, Dominic Habgood-Coote, Jethro A. Herberg, Myrsini Kaforou, Federico Martinon-Torres, Antonio Salas
Summary: Our study compared the transcriptome of children with community-acquired RV infection to those immunized with a live attenuated RV vaccine, finding similar changes in cell cycle, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, intussusception, and abnormal midgut morphology-associated transcripts. A machine learning approach identified a nine-transcript combination that differentiates vaccinated from naturally infected children, and distinguishes acute-infected children from healthy controls. Identifying a miRNA hsa-mir-149 that may play a role in host defense against viral pathogens, our findings could further understanding of RV infection, its link to intussusception causes, and guide development of antiviral treatments and vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Madhur Sachan, Katelynn R. Brann, Marissa S. Fullerton, Daniel E. Voth, Rahul Raghavan
Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in gene regulation and are involved in modulating various physiological processes, including the host response to intracellular infections. This study investigates the miRNA expression in macrophages infected with C. burnetii and identifies several differentially expressed miRNAs. Specifically, miR-143-3p, whose expression is downregulated during C. burnetii infection, promotes apoptosis and inhibits autophagy, thereby benefiting the pathogen.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Wenjiang Zheng, Ting Wang, Chengxin Liu, Qian Yan, Shaofeng Zhan, Geng Li, Xiaohong Liu, Yong Jiang
Summary: Liver injury is a common complication of dengue virus (DENV) infection and is associated with organ dysfunction and fatality. This study identified miRNAs that play a role in DENV infection and revealed the important role of mmu-miR-484, mmu-miR-1247-5p, and mmu-miR-6538 in regulating inflammation and immune responses. These miRNAs collectively modulate multiple signaling pathways that are closely associated with the pathogenic mechanism and treatment strategy of dengue patients.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Qingren Meng, Yanan Chu, Changjun Shao, Jing Chen, Jian Wang, Zhancheng Gao, Jun Yu, Yu Kang
Summary: This study reveals that human-adapted coronavirus strains have deleted some miRNA-targeted sites in human lungs compared to their close zoonic relatives, which may be a major driver of the host-jumping process. The data of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV strains suggest that stress from host miRNA environments continues even after epidemics in humans.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yeojin Hong, Anh Duc Truong, Jiae Lee, Thi Hao Vu, Sooyeon Lee, Ki-Duk Song, Hyun S. Lillehoj, Yeong Ho Hong
Summary: This study identified significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in resistant chickens compared to susceptible chickens after H5N1 infection, with a focus on regulation of immune-related genes, particularly the MAPK pathway molecules. The results showed higher miRNA expression levels in resistant chickens than susceptible chickens, indicating a potential for using exosomal miRNA expression as biomarkers for disease resistance against HPAIV H5N1.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yiru Wu, Jie Wen, Jianwei Han, Yufei Tian, Chaolai Man
Summary: This study investigates the effect of stress-induced immunosuppression on the immune response to IBDV vaccine in chickens. The results show that differential expressions of IBDV-related circulating miRNAs may partially regulate the immune response, potentially through targeting genes in TGF-beta and MAPK signaling pathways.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Siyuan Zhang, Yina Shao, Chenghua Li
Summary: The study characterized the involvement of lncRNAs in sea cucumber upon bacterial infection, showing that some lncRNAs may act as regulators in pathogen-host interactions by sponging miRNAs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sawrab Roy, Binayok Sharma, Md. Ishtiaque Mazid, Rubaiat Nazneen Akhand, Moumita Das, Marufatuzzahan Marufatuzzahan, Tanjia Afrin Chowdhury, Kazi Faizul Azim, Mahmudul Hasan
Summary: This study analyzed the miRNA-like sequences of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV, predicted potential miRNA numbers, and investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2-encoded miRNAs on human genes. The results showed similarities between the miRNAs of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV, suggesting a potential influence on human gene expression.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yeojin Hong, Anh Duc Truong, Thi Hao Vu, Sooyeon Lee, Jubi Heo, Suyeon Kang, Hyun S. Lillehoj, Yeong Ho Hong
Summary: In this study, the expression profiles of miRNAs in White Leghorn chickens infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 were investigated. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the exosomes derived from infected chickens, and their target genes were predicted. The majority of the target genes were associated with the MAPK signaling pathway, and several immune-related genes were regulated by these differentially expressed miRNAs. The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in response to HPAIV H5N1 infection and identifying novel vaccine candidates.
Review
Cell Biology
Zhangwang Li, Xinyue Chen, Junjie Tao, Ao Shi, Jing Zhang, Peng Yu
Summary: Exosomes play a unique and critical role as signal molecules vector in various diseases, particularly in immune progression. However, the mechanisms and clinical treatment related to exosomes and NLRP3 are still not fully understood.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Trevon Swain, Christine M. Deaver, Anne Lewandowski, Michael J. Myers
Summary: The study found that changes in miRNA expression can predict the severity of the inflammatory response in swine after Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, with ssc-let-7e-5p, ssc-mir-22-3p, and ssc-miR-146a-5p showing the most significant changes.
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
P. K. Botchway, E. N. Amuzu-Aweh, A. Naazie, G. K. Aning, H. R. Otsyina, P. Saelao, Y. Wang, H. Zhou, M. Walugembe, J. Dekkers, S. J. Lamont, R. A. Gallardo, T. R. Kelly, D. Bunn, B. B. Kayang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the response of local chickens in Ghana to lentogenic and velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains. The study found that genetic factors had a greater impact on traits measured in the lentogenic challenge compared to those following velogenic NDV exposure, suggesting that selecting for these traits may be more feasible.