Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chao Zhang, Jin-Wen Song, Hui-Huang Huang, Xing Fan, Lei Huang, Jian-Ning Deng, Bo Tu, Kun Wang, Jing Li, Ming-Ju Zhou, Cui-Xian Yang, Qi-Wen Zhao, Tao Yang, Li-Feng Wang, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Ruo-Nan Xu, Yan-Mei Jiao, Ming Shi, Feng Shao, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly, Fu-Sheng Wang
Summary: Chronic HIV-1 infection leads to CD4(+) T cell loss, with distinct mechanisms affecting pyroptotic and apoptotic CD4(+) T cells. Pyroptosis is closely associated with inflammation and driven by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while apoptosis is more related to T cell activation status.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lina Fan, Penghui Li, Aiping Yu, Dan Liu, Ziyu Wang, Yue Wu, Defa Zhang, Meiyin Zou, Ping Ma
Summary: This study evaluated the association between inadequate immune response and non-AIDS related diseases in HIV-infected patients aged 60 years or older who had been virally suppressed for at least 2 years by ART. The results showed that inadequate immune reconstitution was associated with non-AIDS diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, tumor, and chronic kidney disease, and it was also associated with higher mortality in this cohort.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Maria Carolina Dos Santos Guedes, Wlisses Henrique Veloso Carvalho-Silva, Jose Leandro Andrade-Santos, Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro, Fabricio Oliveira Souto, Rafael Lima Guimaraes
Summary: The mechanisms causing impaired immunological recovery in HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have not been fully understood yet. A study was conducted on 44 ART-treated HIV-positive patients to analyze T-lymphocytes immunophenotyping and cytokines levels. The patients were classified as immunological non-responders (INR) and immunological responders (IR) based on their CD4+ T cell levels. The study found that thymic exhaustion and increased immune activation are two significant mechanisms contributing to the impaired immune recovery in ART-treated HIV patients.
Review
Virology
Josh G. Kim, Liang Shan
Summary: HIV-1 protease plays a critical role in the maturation of viral particles and can also cleave host cell proteins. The interaction between HIV-1 protease and CARD8 inflammasome is of particular interest, as recent studies have shown that CARD8 can sense the activity of HIV-1 protease and induce cell death. Premature activation of HIV-1 protease may be used as a strategy to target CARD8-mediated cell killing and eliminate latent reservoirs in people living with HIV.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chanon Piamsiri, Chayodom Maneechote, Kewarin Jinawong, Busarin Arunsak, Titikorn Chunchai, Wichwara Nawara, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Nipon Chattipakorn
Summary: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are recognized as possible mechanisms in the development of MI. Different types of programmed cell death (PCDs), including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis, have been associated with different phases of ischemic injury following MI. However, it is still unknown which types of PCDs play the most dominant role in post-MI.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Mathieu Amand, Philipp Adams, Rafaela Schober, Gilles Iserentant, Jean-Yves Servais, Michel Moutschen, Carole Seguin-Devaux
Summary: HIV-1 infection leads to inflammasome activation, and inhibiting caspase-1 with VX-765 reduces immune activation, viral load, and HIV-1 reservoir formation. The study showed increased expression of caspase-1, NLRP3, IL-1 beta, IFI16, and AIM2 after HIV-1 infection. Treatment with VX-765 significantly reduced TNF-alpha, IL-18, CD4(+) T cells, viral load, and HIV-1 DNA in the spleen.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Qi Meng, Binbin Ding, Ping'an Ma, Jun Lin
Summary: Programmed cell death (PCD) and immunogenic cell death (ICD) are important mechanisms in cancer therapy, and understanding their relationship is significant for tumor treatments. This review describes the interrelationship between PCD and ICD using nanomedicines as examples. It provides an overview of PCD patterns, explores the link between apoptosis and ICD, introduces non-apoptotic signaling pathways and their relationship with ICD, and summarizes the potential application of PCD and ICD in the development of new nanomaterials. The review aims to deepen understanding, extend biomedical applications, and promote progress in clinical tumor therapy.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhou Liu, Peter Julius, Guobin Kang, John T. West, Charles Wood
Summary: This study investigated the subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs and found variations in quantity and distribution of proviral copies, primarily detected in secondary lymphoid tissues. Unlike subtype B, subtype C provirus and HIV-1 RNA were rarely detectable in the central nervous system. In addition, HIV-1 RNA was detected in peripheral lymphoid tissues, and the appendix was identified as a potential previously unreported treatment-resistant reservoir for subtype C HIV-1.
Article
Microbiology
Mirte Scherpenisse, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Margreet Bakker, Ben Berkhout, Alexander O. Pasternak
Summary: Incomplete restoration of CD4(+) T-cell counts on antiretroviral therapy could be predicted by the cell-associated HIV-1 unspliced-to-multiply-spliced RNA ratio at 12 weeks of ART, which correlates with CD4(+) T-cell activation and apoptosis markers. This suggests that residual HIV activity on ART may play a role in persistent immune dysfunction despite virologically suppressive therapy.
Article
Virology
Aparajitha Vaidyanathan, Harry E. Taylor, Thomas J. Hope, Richard T. D'Aquila, Elizabeth T. Bartom, Judd F. Hultquist, Marcus E. Peter
Summary: HIV infection leads to depletion of CD4(+) T cells, but some cells can survive and become part of the latent reservoir. Understanding the mechanisms of HIV-mediated cell death could potentially help clear the latent reservoir.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bingxu Tan, Nana Wang, Shengsi Yang, Hui Liu, Yufeng Cheng
Summary: Gasdermin E (GSDME) mediates pyroptosis and activates immunogenic cell death (ICD) in esophageal carcinoma cells, inhibiting cell survival.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Xiao Sun, Jun Yu, Sunny Hei Wong, Matthew Tak Vai Chan, Lin Zhang, William Ka Kei Wu
Summary: This passage discusses how researchers are working to understand how SARS-CoV-2 damages the respiratory system and other organs, and the potential link between autophagy, inflammation, and cell death.
Article
Immunology
Shi-Tao Geng, Jian-Bo Zhang, Yue-Xin Wang, Yu Xu, Danfeng Lu, Zunyue Zhang, Ju Gao, Kun-Hua Wang, Yi-Qun Kuang
Summary: The study found that oral supplementation of a pre-digested enteral nutritional supplement significantly increased CD4(+) T cell and CD8(+) T cell counts. Among pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, only IL-1 beta level decreased significantly, while TNF-beta increased. Levels of intestinal mucosal damage markers decreased significantly, and body weight, body mass index, albumin, and hemoglobin significantly increased.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lesley R. de Armas, Suresh Pallikkuth, Li Pan, Stefano Rinaldi, Rajendra Pahwa, Savita Pahwa
Summary: The study found that people living with HIV who received anti-retroviral therapy experienced accelerated immune aging compared to healthy controls, and immune biomarkers in blood samples could be used as an indicator of "immunological age" during HIV infection treated with ART.
Article
Microbiology
Maria Pino, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Amelie Pagliuzza, Khader Ghneim, Anum Khan, Emily Ryan, Justin L. Harper, Colin T. King, Sarah Welbourn, Luca Micci, Sol Aldrete, Keith A. Delman, Theron Stuart, Michael Lowe, Jason M. Brenchley, Cynthia A. Derdeyn, Kirk Easley, Rafick P. Sekaly, Nicolas Chomont, Mirko Paiardini, Vincent C. Marconi
Summary: Clinical outcomes are inferior in individuals with HIV experiencing suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART. The study found that immunologic suboptimal responders (ISR) had higher HIV-DNA levels in multiple CD4 T-cell subsets and higher expression of PD-1 and TIGIT exclusively on CM and TM CD4 T-cells pre-ART, indicating higher HIV reservoir maintenance. Additionally, ISR showed a lack of response to IL-7 and IL-15, potentially contributing to suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Barbara Bortot, Maura Apollonio, Gabriele Baj, Laura Andolfi, Luisa Zupin, Sergio Crovella, Matteo di Giosia, Andrea Cantelli, Roberto Saporetti, Luca Ulfo, Annapaola Petrosino, Giovanni Di Lorenzo, Federico Romano, Giuseppe Ricci, Maurizio Mongiat, Alberto Danielli, Matteo Calvaresi, Stefania Biffi
Summary: This study proposes a bacteriophage-based receptor targeted photodynamic therapy for treating EGFR-positive ovarian cancer. The modified M13 bacteriophage with an EGFR binding peptide displayed on its surface effectively kills cancer cells through ROS generation by photosensitizers. It also downregulates EGFR expression and induces autophagy.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tayrine Ordonio Filgueira, Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos, Angela Castoldi, Fabricio Oliveira Souto
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jarbas Maciel de Oliveira, Nuria Bengala Zurro, Antonio Victor Campos Coelho, Marcel Pinheiro Caraciolo, Rodrigo Bertollo de Alexandre, Murilo Castro Cervato, Renata Moldenhauer Minillo, George de Vasconcelos Carvalho Neto, Ivana Grivicich, Joao Bosco de Oliveira Filho
Summary: This study is the largest of its kind in Brazil, focusing on hereditary cancer risk in individuals with multiple ethnicities. Through genotyping 1682 individuals, 321 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified. The research indicates that current genetic testing criteria in Brazil fail to identify a substantial portion of carriers, highlighting the high positivity rates of large multigene panels and suggesting the need for improved inclusion criteria.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonio Victor Campos Coelho, Bruna Mascaro-Cordeiro, Danielle Ribeiro Lucon, Maria Soares Nobrega, Rodrigo de Souza Reis, Rodrigo Bertollo de Alexandre, Livia Maria Silva Moura, Gustavo Santos de Oliveira, Rafael Lucas Muniz Guedes, Marcel Pinheiro Caraciolo, Nuria Bengala Zurro, Murilo Castro Cervato, Joao Bosco Oliveira
Summary: The Brazilian Rare Genomes Project aims to implement genomic medicine into the Brazilian public healthcare system. This study reports the validation results of a whole genome sequencing procedure for clinical laboratories and presents the data quality of the first 1,200 real-world patients sequenced. The performance of the sequencing protocol is in accordance with the global standards.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Paula T. Lyra, Edvaldo Souza, Ana Carla A. Moura, Marina C. Matta, Leuridan C. Torres, Antonio Victor Campos Coelho, Maria Angela W. Rocha, Luiz Arraes, Joao Bosco Oliveira
Summary: This study evaluated 53 individuals who experienced local or disseminated adverse events following BCG vaccination to determine if they had inborn errors of immunity. The results showed that 16.9% of the patients with adverse events were diagnosed with IEI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rita De Cassia Albuquerque Soares, Paulo Sergio Ramos De Araujo, Lucas Andre Cavalcanti Brandao, Antonio Victor Campos Coelho, Kledoaldo Lima, Heloisa Ramos Lacerda De Melo
Summary: This case-control study verified the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding drug transporters related to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and proximal renal tubular dysfunction (PRTD), and found that PRTD is associated with age, TDF use, protease inhibitor, antihypertensives, and anticonvulsants.
PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Caio Robledo D' Angioli Costa Quaio, Antonio Victor Campos Coelho, Livia Maria Silva Moura, Rafael Lucas Muniz Guedes, Kelin Chen, Jose Ricardo Magliocco Ceroni, Renata Moldenhauer Minillo, Marcel Pinheiro Caraciolo, Rodrigo de Souza Reis, Bruna Mascaro Cordeiro de Azevedo, Maria Soares Nobrega, Anne Caroline Barbosa Teixeira, Matheus Martinelli Lima, Thamara Rayssa da Mota, Marina Cadena da Matta, Gabriela Borges Cherulli Colichio, Aline Lulho Roncalho, Ana Flavia Martinho Ferreira, Gabriela Pereira Campilongo, Eduardo Perrone, Luiza do Amaral Virmond, Carolina Araujo Moreno, Joana Rosa Marques Prota, Marina de Franca, Murilo Castro Cervato, Tatiana Ferreira de Almeida, Joao Bosco de Oliveira Filho
Summary: This study analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from individuals unaffected by hearing loss in the Brazilian Rare Genomes Project, identifying pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) and estimating the population frequency of affected individuals with autosomal recessive NSHL.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Sofia Lima Estevao de Oliveira, Giovanna Bloise, Chiara Moltrasio, Antonio Coelho, Almerinda Agrelli, Ronald Moura, Paola Maura Tricarico, Stephane Jamain, Angelo Valerio Marzano, Sergio Crovella, Lucas Andre Cavalcanti Brandao
Summary: This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of HS, and identifies potential HS-related biomarkers.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Helena Fussiger, Bruna Leticia da Silva Pereira, Janice Pacheco Dias Padilha, Karina Carvalho Donis, Marina Rare Genomes Project Consortium, Marina Siebert, Ana Carolina Brusius-Facchin, Guilherme Baldo, Jonas Alex Morales Saute
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of CNVs in SPAST and ATL1 genes and update the molecular epidemiology of HSP families in southern Brazil. The results showed that in 57 out of 95 index cases, a diagnosis was obtained, with 15 of them being SPG4. SPG7 was the most frequent autosomal recessive HSP subtype, followed by SPG11, SPG76, and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. No CNVs were found in SPAST and ATL1 genes, indicating their rarity among Brazilian SPG4 and SPG3A families. Considering specific algorithms with MPS data, CNVs detection is likely the most cost-effective approach in low-risk populations, with MLPA reserved as an orthogonal confirmatory test.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sergio Crovella, Ronald Rodrigues Moura, Lucas Brandao, Francesca Vita, Manuela Schneider, Fabrizio Zanconati, Luigi Finotto, Paola Zacchi, Giuliano Zabucchi, Violetta Borelli
Summary: This study used VEA to identify altered pathways in individuals exposed to asbestos and confirmed oxidative stress and chromosome instability as the main culprits for asbestos-induced cancers. It also discovered genetic assets that protect genome stability and susceptibility assets that predispose to a worse outcome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Dalila Bernardes Leandro, Ronaldo Celerino da Silva, Jessyca Kalynne Farias Rodrigues, Maria Carollayne Goncalves Leite, Luiz Claudio Arraes, Antonio Victor Campos Coelho, Sergio Crovella, Luisa Zupin, Rafael Lima Guimaraes
Summary: This study analyzed a case-control study of 209 HIV-1-infected mothers and their exposed infected and uninfected children from Pernambuco, Brazil. The results showed that transmitter mothers had lower age at delivery, late diagnosis, deficiency in ART use, and detectable viral load in the third trimester of pregnancy compared to non-transmitter mothers. Infected children showed late diagnosis, vaginal delivery frequency, and a tendency to breastfeed. Genetic analysis revealed a variant in the IFITM-3 gene that was more frequent among infected children. Mother-to-children transmission (MTCT) is the main infection route for HIV-1 in children, and genetic variants play an important role.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes, Tiago Ramos Lacerda, Debora Eduarda da Silva Fidelis, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos, Tayrine Ordonio Filgueira, Raphael Fabricio de Souza, Claudia Jacques Lagranha, Fabio S. Lira, Angela Castoldi, Fabricio Oliveira Souto
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the impact of environmental enrichment (EE) on oncological factors in experimental studies on various cancer models. The findings demonstrate that different EE protocols effectively reduce tumor growth and development in terms of angiogenesis, volume, weight, and the number of mice with tumors. Additionally, EE enhances the rate of tumor inhibition. These findings emphasize the importance of EE as a valuable tool in cancer management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renata B. Albuquerque, Maria Amelia S. M. Borba, Matheus S. S. Fernandes, Tayrine O. Filgueira, Danyelly Bruneska G. Martins, Jose Luiz L. Filho, Angela Castoldi, Fabricio Oliveira Souto
Summary: This study reveals that IL-33 expression is significantly upregulated in breast cancer patients, especially in the Triple-negative and Luminal A and B subtypes. Furthermore, a progressive surge in IL-33 expression was observed in Luminal subtype patients with TNM 4 staging criteria. Chemotherapy-naive patients of Luminal A and B subtypes showed heightened IL-33 expression. These findings suggest that IL-33 could serve as a prognostic marker for breast cancer and predict chemotherapy response and disease progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paula Teixeira Lyra, Ana Carla Augusto Moura Falcao, Rafael Amora Cruz, Antonio Victor Campos Coelho, Edvaldo da Silva Souza, Luiz Claudio Arraes de Alencar, Joao Bosco Oliveira
Summary: This report describes the first case of disseminated leishmaniasis associated with a STAT1 GOF mutation in a pediatric patient who did not have chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. The study suggests that STAT1 GOF variants may increase susceptibility to infection by other intracellular pathogens.
EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO
(2022)