Journal
IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 214, Issue -, Pages 55-64Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.009
Keywords
Arthritis; ATP; Adenosine; Purinoreceptors; CD39; ADA
Categories
Funding
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [88882.182182/2018-01, 001]
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Local joint destruction and extraarticular manifestations of RA deeply compromise the life quality of the affected patients. RA immunopathogenesis depends on continuous immunogenic activation in which the purinergic system participates. The purinergic system comprises the signaling and metabolism of purines such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine. ATP signaling is involved in the activation and maintenance of the inflammatory state of RA through the activation of P2X7 and the production of cytokines, which orchestrate the pathogenesis of RA. The breakdown of ATP through the CD39/CD73 axis produces adenosine, which mostly inhibits the inflammatory process through activation of specific P1 receptors. Adenosine is hydrolyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) that interacts with other molecules playing additional roles in this disease. This review explores the release, metabolism, and the effects of binding of ATP and adenosine to their respective receptors in the context of RA, as well as their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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