Journal
GEODERMA
Volume 353, Issue -, Pages 382-390Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.06.026
Keywords
Manure; Inorganic fertilizer; Balance of nutrients; Elemental stoichiometry; Soil enzymes; Enzymatic stoichiometry
Categories
Funding
- Key Technologies RD Program [2017YFD0200800, 2016YFD0300802]
- National Science Foundation of China [41301325, 41671297]
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The biogeochemical interactions between soil nutrients and microbial enzymes in agroecosystems remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine effects of long-term (26 years) application of chemical fertilizers (NPK) or adding manure (M) on the elemental and the enzymatic functional stoichiometric characters in a brown soil. The concentrations of soil elements, i.e. carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) and the activities of soil hydrolases including alpha (beta)-galactosidase (alpha-GAL and beta-GAL), alpha (beta)-glucosidase(alpha-GLU and beta-GLU), urease, protease (PR), phosphomonoesterase (PM), Phosphodiesterase (PD) and arylsulfatase (AS) were investigated. Results showed that the NPK additions alone led to a decrease in soil pH and increased the acidification of the soils, while M additions could buffer the acidification. With doubling application rate of M, the concentrations of soil C, N, P and S, and soil enzymes activities increased significantly, but P concentrations increased stronger (doubled) than C and N contents (increased by 30%), leading to shifts in element stoichiometry in response to fertilizer and manure applications. The manure additions led to a relatively constant C:N ratio, a low C:P ratio and a high C:S ratio but lower functional ratios of In (beta-GLU + alpha-GLU + alpha-GAL + beta-GAL): In(urease + PR); In (GLU + GAL): (PM + PD); and In(GLU + GAL):ln(AS), which implied high availability of P and low availability of S. The comparison of element and enzyme stoichiometry indicated that N and S were limited in the manure plots, and C and P were limited in the NPK and No-NPK fertilizer treatment (WF) plots. The increase in enzyme activities in manure plots was caused primarily by the accumulation of soil nutrients with M treatment and not by a buffering effect on the pH.
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