Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bhaskar Kumar, Stephen Lam, Mina Adam, Rachel Gilroy, Mark J. Pallen
Summary: This article discusses the potential importance of the oesophageal microbiome and introduces new research methods that offer hope for a comprehensive description of this microbial community.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Philipp Mahlknecht, Kathrin Marini, Mario Werkmann, Werner Poewe, Klaus Seppi
Summary: The ultimate goal of PD research is to find treatments that can slow down or stop the progression of the disease. Past disease-modification trials in PD have failed due to various factors, including wrong intervention choices, inadequate trial designs, and target populations. Prospective studies have provided sufficient evidence for defining diagnostic criteria for prodromal PD, and different approaches have been studied in observational cohorts. This review discusses recruitment strategies, trial designs, trial durations, and sample sizes for disease-modification trials in prodromal PD cohorts, and offers an outlook on how this goal can be achieved in the future.
TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Vikas Menon, Lakshmi Vijayakumar
Summary: Accurate prediction of suicide risk is important, and conventional approaches have shown limited accuracy. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based models for suicide prediction have gained traction due to their ability to handle big data and their potential for more feasible and resource-effective interventions. These methods may be particularly relevant for low-and-middle-income countries like India.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Gary J. Doherty, Bruno H. R. de Paula
Summary: This editorial discusses a recent Phase 1b trial of nabiximols oromucosal spray in combination with dose-intense temozolomide in patients with recurrent GBM, highlighting the lack of clinical and safety data despite promising preclinical results on the potential anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids in GBM.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Emma L. Craig, Konrad H. Stopsack, Emma Evergren, Linda Z. Penn, Stephen J. Freedland, Robert J. Hamilton, Emma H. Allott
Summary: Men who use cholesterol-lowering statin medications have a lower risk of fatal prostate cancer, with evidence suggesting that statins may indirectly affect prostate cancer progression by lowering serum cholesterol levels. Clinical trials demonstrate measurable levels of statins in prostate tissue, potentially indicating direct effects, while observational data hint at possible statin-driven modulation of prostate microenvironment inflammation.
PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Joseph Longo, Stephen J. Freedland, Linda Z. Penn, Robert J. Hamilton
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that men prescribed a statin for cholesterol control have a lower risk of advanced prostate cancer and improved treatment outcomes. This article reviews the observational and experimental data on statins as anti-cancer agents in prostate cancer, and summarizes the biological evidence and rationale for targeting the mevalonate pathway with statins and other agents for the treatment of prostate cancer.
PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Cosso, Giandomenico Roviello, Gabriella Nesi, Sonia Shabani, Pietro Spatafora, Donata Villari, Martina Catalano
Summary: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common genitourinary cancer and has significant mortality rates. Adjuvant therapy has been explored, but the results for both tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been conflicting. Biomarker identification and subgroup analyses are needed to determine which patients can benefit from adjuvant therapy. This review discusses the rationale for adjuvant treatment in RCC and summarizes the current trials and future directions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Francesco Cavallieri, Rubens G. Cury, Thiago Guimaraes, Valentina Fioravanti, Sara Grisanti, Jessica Rossi, Edoardo Monfrini, Marialuisa Zedde, Alessio Di Fonzo, Franco Valzania, Elena Moro
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by early death of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies with aggregated alpha-synuclein. The pathogenesis of PD is still under debate, with the alpha-synuclein aggregation hypothesized as one of the key factors. Environmental factors and genetic predisposition also contribute to PD, with monogenic PD accounting for 5-10% of cases. The identification of genetic variants associated with PD has opened up possibilities for personalized therapies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeannette Hofmeijer, Florien Ham, Gert Kwakkel
Summary: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has the potential to improve motor and cognitive outcomes after stroke, but the evidence of efficacy is challenged by unexplained variability in small sampled trials. Future large trials should collect individual patient data and conduct sufficiently powered subgroup analyses, as well as protocolized time-locked training of target behavior.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liuxiang Chen, Liansong Ye, Bing Hu
Summary: This article discusses the molecular basis and prevention strategies for hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (LS). The development of molecular genetics has enhanced the study of cancer predisposing genes, which can help identify and guide the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Article
Oncology
Thura Win Htut, Kyaw Zin Thein, Kyaw Lwin Aung, Thein Hlaing Oo
Summary: Pancreatic cancer patients have a high risk of venous thromboembolism, and primary ambulatory thromboprophylaxis can help reduce this risk, despite uncertainties in anticoagulant choice and duration. Practice guidelines on primary ambulatory thromboprophylaxis in pancreatic cancer patients are currently equivocal.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Joao F. C. Pedrazzi, Frederico R. Ferreira, Danyelle Silva-Amaral, Daniel A. Lima, Jaime E. C. Hallak, Antonio W. Zuardi, Elaine A. Del-Bel, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Karla C. M. Costa, Alline C. Campos, Ana C. S. Crippa, Jose A. S. Crippa
Summary: This article reviews the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) as a treatment for the symptoms and comorbidities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on preclinical and clinical data. The purpose is to provide information and discussion to avoid trivializing the use of this drug.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ahmad Naqiuddin Ahmad Sophien, Amirah Syamimi Jusop, Gee Jun Tye, Yuen-Fen Tan, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman, Fazlina Nordin
Summary: The intestines play a vital role in digestion and absorption of nutrients, with intestinal stem cells and gut microbiota maintaining the intestinal epithelium. This review aims to address the relationship between intestinal stem cells and gut microbiota in the context of regenerative medicine, highlighting their importance in further studies.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristina Pigsborg, Faidon Magkos
Summary: This review summarizes the current state of research on individual responses to dietary treatment and highlights the heterogeneous nature of studies in this field. Although still in its infancy, precision-based dietary intervention strategies focusing on the metabotype group level hold promise for designing more effective dietary treatments for obesity.
CURRENT NUTRITION REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Farbod Khoraminia, Saul Fuster, Neel Kanwal, Mitchell Olislagers, Kjersti Engan, Geert J. L. H. van Leenders, Andrew P. Stubbs, Farhan Akram, Tahlita C. M. Zuiverloon
Summary: Computational pathology (CPATH) holds the potential to improve bladder cancer diagnosis and prediction of prognosis, but further research and larger datasets are needed to ensure reliability and clinical applicability.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Charles Muller, Sang Mee Lee, William Barge, Shazia M. Siddique, Shivali Berera, Gina Wideroff, Rashmi Tondon, Jeremy Chang, Meaghan Peterson, Jessica Stoll, Bryson W. Katona, Daniel A. Sussman, Joshua Melson, Sonia S. Kupfer
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2018)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jamie Tjaden, Charles Muller, Gina Wideroff, Karen Ma, Jinendra Satiya, Daniel Sussman, Eugene Yen, Sonia S. Kupfer, Joshua Melson
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nolan Faust, Charles Muller, Joshua Prenner, Sang Mee Lee, Sonia S. Kupfer
Review
Cell Biology
Charles Muller, Ehizokha Ihionkhan, Elena M. Stoffel, Sonia S. Kupfer
Summary: The incidence and mortality of early-onset colorectal cancer are increasing in the United States and worldwide, with notable disparities in burden by race/ethnicity and geography. African Americans, Hispanic/Latinos, and populations residing in specific regions of the Southern U.S. are disproportionately affected, and the reasons for disparities likely involve multiple factors related to health determinants, social factors, and policy issues. This review aims to inform evidence-based interventions to reduce the global burden of early-onset CRC.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Charles Muller, Akihiro Yamada, Sachie Ikegami, Haider Haider, Yuga Komaki, Fukiko Komaki, Dejan Micic, Atsushi Sakuraba
Summary: Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is an underrecognized CRC predisposition syndrome with a higher risk of colorectal cancer, especially at the time of diagnosis. Early recognition, screening, and enhanced surveillance protocols are crucial in managing the elevated CRC risk in SPS patients.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Peter P. Stanich, Dareen Elgindi, Elena Stoffel, Erika Koeppe, Ajay Bansal, Rachel Stetson, Debra L. Collins, Dana Farengo Clark, Eve Karloski, Beth Dudley, Randall E. Brand, Michael J. Hall, Yana Chertock, Brian A. Sullivan, Charles Muller, Alice Hinton, Bryson W. Katona, Sonia S. Kupfer
Summary: The discovery rate of colorectal neoplasia in CDH1 variant carriers is similar to that of the general population, indicating the importance of colorectal cancer screening in this population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Charles Muller, Sarah M. Nielsen, Kathryn E. Hatchell, Shan Yang, Scott T. Michalski, Barbara Hamlington, Robert L. Nussbaum, Edward D. Esplin, Sonia S. Kupfer
Summary: Among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing genetic testing for suspected LS, rates of P/LP variants in actionable cancer genes were similar regardless of whether testing criteria were met. Current testing criteria fail to identify individuals with P/LP variants in PMS2 and other actionable cancer genes. Relaxing LS testing criteria could improve identification of individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes among Medicare beneficiaries.
JCO PRECISION ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Parita Patel, Charles Muller, Sonali Paul
WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2020)
