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Impact of dietary anthocyanins on systemic and vascular inflammation: Systematic review and meta-analysis on randomised clinical trials

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2020)

Journal

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

Volume 135, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110922

Keywords

Anthocyanins; Inflammation; Inflammatory markers; Adiponectin; Meta-analysis

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Abstract

Anthocyanins are natural bioactive compounds that have several health benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of dietary anthocyanins on markers of systemic and vascular inflammation. Meta-analysis of 32 randomised controlled trials indicated that dietary anthocyanins significantly decreased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; -0.33 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.11, P = 0.003), interleukin-6 (IL-6; -0.41 rho g/ml, 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.13, P = 0.004), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; -0.64 rho g/ml, 95% CI: -1.18 to -0.09, P = 0.023), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (-52.4 ng/ml, 95% CI: -85.7 to -19.1, P = 0.002), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1; -49.6 ng/ml, 95% CI: -72.7 to -26.5, P < 0.001) while adiponectin level was significantly increased (0.75 mu g/ml, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.26, P = 0.004). The levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta; -0.45 rho g/ml, 95% CI: -3.77 to 2.88, P = 0.793) and P-selectin (-6.98 ng/ml, 95% CI: -18.1 to 4.15, P = 0.219) did not significantly change. Subgroup analyses showed that administration of higher doses of anthocyanins (>300 mg/day) significantly decreased levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and VCAM-1. The results indicate that dietary anthocyanins reduce the levels of systemic and vascular inflammation in the subjects.

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Single anthocyanins effectiveness modulating inflammation markers in obesity: dosage and matrix composition analysis

Jorge Alberto Fragoso-Medina, Selma Romina Lopez Vaquera, Astrid Dominguez-Uscanga, Diego Luna-Vital, Noemi Garcia

Summary: Anthocyanins are phytochemicals with various bioactivities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical trials have examined the health benefits of consuming ACN-rich foods, extracts, and supplements, but the individual effects of single anthocyanins and their correlation with doses and specific bioactivities or molecular targets have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review summarizes the composition and concentrations of single anthocyanins used in clinical trials, specifically investigating their effects in obese conditions and correlating single anthocyanin doses with changes in frequently monitored markers. In vitro studies with single ACNs are also included. The efficacy of anthocyanins in diseases with high baseline obesity-related inflammation markers is demonstrated, although a poor correlation is found between most single anthocyanin doses and level changes of commonly monitored markers. The study proposes correlations between cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin derivatives and specific molecular targets, and suggests that future studies focusing on specific compositions and concentrations of anthocyanins will provide more insights into their mechanisms of action.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2023)