ctDNA in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Cancer: Prognostic, Predictive, or Preliminary?

In gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, circulating tumor DNA identifies molecular drivers missed using routine tumor biopsy, can refine patient selection for targeted therapy, and may be prognostic following surgical resection. However, lack of standardization could impede adoption of this technology as a clinically useful tool; prospective validation in clinical trials is required.