Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Arash Dalili, Hossein Montazerian, Kabilan Sakthivel, Nishat Tasnim, Mina Hoorfar
Summary: This study investigated the factors affecting the displacement of particles in electrophoresis-based microseparators, finding that volumetric throughput has the greatest impact on particle position, with channel length being the most effective factor. The study also successfully demonstrated size-selective sorting or focusing of particles, providing valuable insights into designing microfluidic platforms for selectively separating different cell types in biofluids.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Fabian O. Romero-Soto, Maria Polanco-Oliva, Roberto C. Gallo-Villanueva, Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa, Victor H. Perez-Gonzalez
Summary: Cancer is a leading cause of global deaths, with metastasis being the main cause of patient mortality. The scientific community is focused on early cancer detection and prevention of metastatic tumors.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tom Elkeles, Sinwook Park, Jorg G. Werner, David A. Weitz, Gilad Yossifon
Summary: This work presents the dielectrophoresis and in situ electrorotation characterization of reversible stimuli-responsive dynamic microcapsules that can change their physicochemical properties under varying pH conditions. The study shows that the conductivity of the capsules' shells is most influenced by pH and provides insight into the characteristic time scales of physical processes through transient response measurements. Additionally, the magnetic manipulation of microcapsules with embedded magnetic nanoparticles for lab-on-chip tasks is demonstrated, along with the on-chip determination of their physicochemical state using electrorotation.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qiang Zhao, Yunjiao Wang, Bangyong Sun, Deqiang Wang, Gang Li
Summary: This research presents a dielectrophoretic manipulation technique based on nanogap electrodes, which allows for the capture, enrichment, and sorting of nanometer-sized objects in liquids. The technique shows potential applications in micro/nanofluidics and provides an alternative method for the non-invasive manipulation and characterization of nanoparticles such as DNA, proteins, and viruses.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Diwakar M. Awate, Cicero C. Pola, Erica Shumaker, Carmen L. Gomes, Jaime J. Juarez
Summary: Despite the limitations of flow cytometers, a 3D-printed imaging platform (3DPIP) has been developed to accurately count particles and conduct fluorescence microscopy efficiently. The 3DPIP utilizes a custom particle counter code and machine vision-based algorithm to identify and count particles, showing comparable accuracy to commercial particle counters. Additionally, the platform can perform static experiments and flow-through experiments effectively, making it a promising tool for use in resource-limited clinical environments.
Review
Biophysics
Vahid Kordzadeh-Kermani, Masoud Madadelahi, Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh, Lawrence Kulinsky, Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa, Marc J. Madou
Summary: This review introduces the on-board power supply and electrokinetic applications of electrified-LOD (eLOD) devices. By utilizing electrokinetic phenomena, different microfluids can be propelled, separated, and manipulated. While extensive research exists on stationary platforms, the applications on rotating platforms are still underdeveloped.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Reza Derakhshan, Amirhosein Ghasemi, Reza Moradi, Abas Ramiar
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive numerical investigation on particle/cell separation in circular microchannels using dielectrophoresis (DEP). The results show that the direction of particle deflection can be controlled by varying the geometrical parameters. By applying DEP, efficient separation of particles and cells based on their size and physical properties is achieved.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emanuele Piccinno, Anna Grazia Monteduro, Francesco Dituri, Silvia Rizzato, Gianluigi Giannelli, Giuseppe Maruccio
Summary: The study validated a miniaturized on-chip platform for real-time, non-destructive cell proliferation assays and drug screening, comparing its effectiveness with the traditional 96-well plate assay. Results showed the new platform's efficacy comparable to the standard method, with advantages in reagent consumption, operator time, and costs, potentially accelerating drug development processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shayan Valijam, Alireza Salehi, Magnus Andersson
Summary: In this paper, a compact label-free microfluidic lab-on-a-chip device is proposed for the separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) at low voltage. The device utilizes a simple electrode arrangement with non-uniform electric fields generated by two arrays of shifted planar electrodes. The device shows high separation efficiency and allows for brightfield imaging of the channel, making it suitable for the early detection of CTCs.
MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Lijun Chen, Shijie Liang, Zhenshi Chen, Xifa Liang, Qingming Chen
Summary: Optofluidics combines optics and microfluidics to create novel devices with high flexibility and compatibility. By utilizing electronic fabrication techniques and flexible regulation of microfluidics, electrically actuated optofluidics achieves excellent optical functions. This paper reviews the working principle and recent development of electrical optofluidic devices, such as optical lens/microscope, beam steering, and in-plane light manipulation. The applications of electrical microfluidics are also discussed, and two novel designs derived from electrowetting and dielectrophoresis are introduced to stimulate the development of electrically controlled liquid lens.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yukihiro Yamaguchi, Takatoki Yamamoto
Summary: The study presents a microfluidic device utilizing dielectrophoretic force to align bacteria in a single line, allowing for rapid enumeration of bacteria with single-cell accuracy in miniature portable devices. Research findings demonstrate the efficient trapping of bacteria in a one-dimensional array within a short time frame, as well as the ability for bacteria to move in a single line tilted from the flow direction.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Samith Hettiarachchi, Gehan Melroy, Amith Mudugamuwa, Peshan Sampath, Charith Premachandra, Ranjith Amarasinghe, Van Dau
Summary: This paper discusses the modeling, simulation, and experimentation of an active droplet generator used in LOC devices, focusing on the key factor of droplet generation. The study found that optimized droplet contraction width and flow rate ratios are crucial for effective droplet generation. Experimental results show that droplet formation occurs within a certain range of flow rate ratios, with droplet diameter decreasing as the flow rate ratio decreases.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
A. K. M. Arifuzzman, Norh Asmare, Tevhide Ozkaya-Ahmadov, Ozgun Civelekoglu, Ningquan Wang, A. Fatih Sarioglu
Summary: Characterization and identification of cell populations using surface markers are crucial in various applications. However, conventional techniques are limited by the need for immunolabeling, expensive instruments, and skilled operators. This study introduces an autonomous microchip that can electronically quantify the immunophenotypical composition of a cell suspension. The microchip captures different cell subtypes in separate microfluidic chambers and electrically monitors all on-chip activity, allowing real-time determination of subpopulation fractions. The capability to analyze immune cells without labels has the potential to enable remote testing and quality control in cell manufacturing.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rutvik Lathia, Krishnadas Narayanan Nampoothiri, Nitish Sagar, Shubhi Bansal, Chandantaru Dey Modak, Prosenjit Sen
Summary: Microscale droplet generation and manipulation are widely used in various fields, from biochemical assays to printing and additive manufacturing. Most techniques are limited in the range of droplet sizes they can handle, as well as the variety of fluid properties they can work with. Recent advancements have focused on overcoming these limitations and this feature article discusses the developments in this area that cover a wide range of droplet sizes from subpicoliter to microliter.
Article
Mechanics
Boran Zhang, Wenshuai Wu, Qianbin Zhao, Sheng Yan
Summary: Microfluidic manipulation is widely used in bio-chemical research and applications, and one of the challenges is manipulating particles smaller than micrometer scale. In this study, a numerical simulation model and experiments were used to understand the mechanism of inertial microfluidic particle focusing. The optimization of geometrical and dimensional design of a double layered microchannel was explored, and the results showed improved manipulating performance for nanoscale particles compared to conventional microchannels.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Monica Lamba, Himanshu Chaudhary, Kulwant Singh
Summary: The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the sensitivity and non-linearity of a graphene piezoresistive MEMS force sensor by optimizing its geometrical parameters. The study identified important factors affecting sensitivity and non-linearity and used the Taguchi optimization method to find the optimal combination of microcantilever and piezoresistor dimensions. The designed sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and low non-linearity.
IETE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Amit Kumar Singh, Rohit Singh, Kulwant Singh, Amit Rathi
Summary: The self-consistent k center dot p computation results show a significant improvement in optical gain in AlSb/InGaAsP/GaAsSb type-II ultra-thin quantum-well heterostructures compared to InGaAsP/GaAsSb type-II structures. This improvement is attributed to interband resonant tunnelling effect and the band alignment due to the presence of GaAsSb layer. Furthermore, a narrower optical gain spectrum is observed in AlSb/In0.5Ga0.5As0.8P0.2/GaAs0.5Sb0.5 QW heterostructure, indicating its potential in optical performance.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amit Agrawal, Ashish Shrivastava, Kulwant Singh, Bidyut Mahato, Shubham Tiwari, Amit Rai
Summary: This article introduces a new approach for solving the small signal SSA model of PWM SEPIC under DCM, using a novel method based on inductor current variation and a unique correction matrix to achieve better results in the design of a 75 W power supply. The new technique's frequency response is much closer to simulation results compared to traditional methods, showing high predictive capabilities for DC-DC converters operating in DCM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Himanshu Priyadarshi, Kulwant Singh, Ashish Shrivastava
Summary: This paper presents the facile synthesis and characterization of maghemite nanoparticles in the context of energy storage device technology. The experimental study reveals the high surface area, crystallinity, and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles, which can be utilized for state estimation and conductivity modulation in energy storage devices. Additionally, the affordability of maghemite electrode iron batteries is beneficial for scaling up renewable energy storage technology.
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Monica Lamba, Himanshu Chaudhary, Kulwant Singh, Premraj Keshyep, Vibhor Kumar
Summary: The aim of this study was to design a bi-axial piezoresistive MEMS force sensor that can sense forces in the nano-Newton range with flexibility and high sensitivity. The combination of PDMS as the substrate material and graphene as the piezoresistors was used. The force applied to the cantilever beam generates displacement, which is converted into voltage using a smart piezoresistive sensing mechanism. Finite element analysis was used to design and simulate the force sensor, achieving force sensitivity and stiffness values in different directions.
MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alina Peethan, Mikitha Pais, Padmalatha Rao, Kulwant Singh, Sajan D. George
Summary: Inspired by superhydrophobic surfaces in nature, researchers have fabricated superhydrophobic and liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) to solve engineering problems, including metal corrosion. The study shows that the H-SLIPS, a hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, hydrophobic lubricant-infused surface, exhibits better self-healing properties and lubricant layer stability compared to the SH-SLIPS. The research emphasizes the importance of infused oil stability for applications like anti-corrosion properties and provides insights into the development of new materials for corrosion resistance.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ashish Kumar, Meenu Devi, Mahesh Kumar, Ashish Shrivastava, Rishi Sharma, Tejendra Dixit, Vipul Singh, Khurram Shehzad, Yang Xu, Kulwant Singh, Huan Hu
Summary: This article reviews the contemporary developments in the utilization of silicon nanostructures and nanocomposites for antibacterial surfaces and theranostic agents. The realization of nature-inspired antibacterial surfaces, photoresponsive smart antibacterial surfaces, and selective functionality of silicon nanostructures has been discussed. In addition, the capability of photoresponsive silicon nanocomposite systems for in-situ non-invasive process monitoring has been addressed.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mona Sharma, Smita Pareek, Kulwant Singh
Summary: The reconfiguration technique is the most efficient approach for mitigating the mismatch losses due to partial shading in large-scale solar photovoltaic systems. The proposed rules for reconfiguration allow for multiple options in selecting the location of shaded panels within an array. The results show significant performance enhancement, with a 25% improvement in a short wide shading pattern and 6.4% improvement in short narrow and center shading patterns.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jai Prakash Mishra, Kulwant Singh, Himanshu Chaudhary
Summary: Wave height is an important consideration in maritime projects. Traditional wave height forecasting methods require complex numerical wave prediction models, while machine learning techniques can predict wave height without prior knowledge of complex interactions. This research aims to predict wave height using MEMS, IoT, and ML-based approaches.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ankur Saxena, Mahesh Kumar, Dhaneshwar Mishra, Kulwant Singh
Summary: This study analyzes an integrated microfluidic pressure sensing mechanism in a microfluidic device, which consists of a poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) based material with a microcantilever integrated on one side of the microchannel. The pressure of fluid in the microchannel is measured by the deflection of the PDMS microcantilever. The results show that the Pi-shaped microcantilever achieved the maximum deflection in fluid plasma (37.05 μm) and water (30.98 μm) at a fluid inlet velocity of 8000 μm/s.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Supriya Yadav, Kulwant Singh, Anmol Gupta, Niti Nipun Sharma, Jamil Akhtar
Summary: This study discusses the impact of inter- and intra-cellulose fiber interactions on the paper substrate and presents a method for designing microfluidic channels on Whatman cellulose filter paper using TiO2 ink as a hydrophobic material. The experimental results suggest that TiO2 ink with 17.2% Ti content is suitable for integrating a hydrophobic barrier on the paper substrate for microfluidic channel fabrication.
SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mahesh Kumar, Akshay Vasage, Gajanan Kulkarni, Onkar Padhye, Shivram Kerkar, Mridul Gupta, Kulwant Singh
Summary: This study addresses the speed asynchronization issue in smart walking assistance devices and achieves speed synchronization through mathematical modeling and effective speed control techniques. The power consumption of the device is also analyzed, resulting in significant energy savings.
ENGINEERING RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Reza Khodadadi, Manouchehr Eghbal, Hamideh Ofoghi, Alireza Balaei, Ali Tamayol, Karen Abrinia, Amir Sanati-Nezhad, Mohamadmahdi Samandari
Summary: This paper introduces an integrated portable centrifugal microfluidic system that automates cell and fluid manipulation for complete blood counting (CBC) analysis at the point-of-care (POC). The system utilizes a specially designed microfluidic disc for cell separation, solution metering and mixing, and cell counting, and is equipped with a custom script for automated quantification of cells. The proposed method shows a strong correlation with the gold standard hematology analyzer for various blood parameters. The portable system offers simplicity, affordability, and low power consumption, making it a potential solution for improving healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings and remote areas.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Nabil H. Bhuiyan, Joon S. Shim
Summary: Developing herd immunity is crucial for changing the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. An AI-driven point-of-care testing platform has been proposed for analyzing the body's response to SARS-CoV-2, and it has been successfully used for quantifying viral proteins and antibodies in blood samples. A data-receptive web-based dashboard system has also been developed for real-time analysis of herd immunity progress.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Alexiane Godain, Timothy M. Vogel, Pascal Fongarland, Naoufel Haddour
Summary: This study provides comprehensive insights into the intricate relationship between shear stress and electroactive biofilms in microbial fuel cells, highlighting the pivotal role of shear stress in influencing the growth kinetics, electrical performance, and physical structure of the biofilms. The study also emphasizes the complexities of extracellular electron transfer mechanisms and the need for complementary metaproteomic analyses.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Linjie Wang, Yixin Chen, Yang Ji, Shujun Zheng, Fei Wang, Caolong Li
Summary: A paper-based biosensor incorporating surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and colorimetric detection has been developed for efficient quantification of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The biosensor exhibits excellent selectivity, stability, and precision, with low detection limits in both SERS and colorimetric modes. It has been successfully utilized for intracellular GSH detection and validated against a commercial GSH assay kit.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Quan Zhou, Jing Wang, Zhen Zhang, Alain Wuethrich, Richard J. Lobb, Matt Trau
Summary: This study presents a biosensor for sensitive detection of EMT-associated biomarkers on extracellular vesicles (EVs) surfaces during targeted therapy. Through longitudinal monitoring of patients, the biosensor shows its ability to identify the EMT-like phenotype switching on circulating EVs during the development of resistance.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Review
Biophysics
Pratika Rai, Sabrina N. Hoba, Celine Buchmann, Robert J. Subirana-Slotos, Christian Kersten, Tanja Schirmeister, Kristina Endres, Bernd Bufe, Alexey Tarasov
Summary: Proteases have been proposed as potential biomarkers for various pathological conditions. The development of protease biosensors offers a more efficient way to investigate dysregulated proteases. This review article presents different optical and electrochemical detection methods for designing biosensors for all major protease families.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Chengxin Liu, Xu Shen, Li Yan, Runlian Qu, Yue Wang, Yaqin He, Zixuan Zhan, Piaopiao Chen, Feng Lin
Summary: In this study, a homogeneous rapid electrochemical aptasensor was developed to quantitatively detect CTCs in lung cancer patients. The aptasensor utilized a DNA nanosphere structure and a complementary aptamer to specifically detect mucin 1 as a marker for CTCs. The assay exhibited high specificity and sensitivity, and the results were consistent with other detection methods.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Danni Xue, Xing Dai, Jialong Zhao, Jiayao Zhang, Huan Liu, Kui Liu, Tao Xu, Chenjie Gu, Xingfei Zhou, Tao Jiang
Summary: In this study, a dual-enhancement SERS substrate based on Ti3C2TX and Ag nanocubes was fabricated for precise quantification of ritonavir and ibrutinib in serum. The formation of numerous electromagnetic hotspots between Ag nanocubes facilitated effective photo-induced charge transfer. The composite substrate showed excellent sensitivity, achieving low detection limits and high recoveries, making it promising for monitoring and identification of clinical blood drug concentration.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Tenghua Zhang, Zihui Xie, Xiaohe Zheng, Yuxin Liang, Yao Lu, Hankang Zhong, Feiyang Qian, Yuqing Zhu, Ruiting Sun, Yan Sheng, Jiaming Hu
Summary: This study reports a technology based on cationic lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for efficient extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment and in-situ detection of internal microRNAs. The technology demonstrates high EV enrichment efficiency and sensitive internal RNA detection, making it potentially useful for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Wenjie Dai, Gaoxu Chen, Xiaoyan Wang, Shujun Zhen, Chengzhi Huang, Lei Zhan, Yuanfang Li
Summary: In this study, a novel metal organic gel (MOG) with dual electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties was prepared by simple mixing. The MOG exhibited strong and stable anodic and cathodic ECL signals. By utilizing this MOG, an ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) biosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of a specific gene. The study developed a straightforward technique for obtaining a single luminescent material with dual signals and expanded the analytical application of MOGs in the realm of ECL.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Lais Canniatti Brazaca, Amanda Hikari Imamura, Rodrigo Vieira Blasques, Jessica Rocha Camargo, Bruno Campos Janegitz, Emanuel Carrilho
Summary: The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (muPADs) for medical diagnosis is a growing trend due to their low cost, easy use, simple manufacturing, and potential for application in low-resource settings. This review focuses on the advances in muPADs for medical diagnostics, discussing their use in detecting various biomarkers in common human biofluids. The challenges of biomarker detection in each sample are examined, along with innovative techniques to overcome these limitations. The commercialization difficulties of muPADs are also considered, along with future trends such as wearable devices and integrated platforms.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Minghong Jian, Xudong Sun, Hua Zhang, Xiaotong Li, Shasha Li, Zhenxin Wang
Summary: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are attractive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but their low abundance in biological samples, especially in the early stages of tumors, makes it challenging to precisely analyze MMP activities. In this study, a peptide microarray-based metal-enhanced fluorescence assay (PMMEFA) is proposed as a sensitive and specific method to simultaneously detect MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, and -13 activities. The PMMEFA showed excellent sensitivity and was capable of detecting MMP activities in various matrices.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Kyung Ho Kim, Eunsu Ryu, Zinah Hilal Khaleel, Sung Eun Seo, Lina Kim, Yong Ho Kim, Hyun Gyu Park, Oh Seok Kwon
Summary: We have developed a novel strategy for discriminative detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants using the plasmonic photothermal effect of gold nanofilms and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) technology. With this method, we were able to detect the delta and omicron variants with high sensitivity within 25 minutes from COVID-19 patients' clinical samples, making it a rapid and accurate point-of-care testing tool.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Zepeng Kang, Yuanming Wang, Haiyan Song, Xueli Wang, Job Zhang, Zhiguang Zhu
Summary: By designing a wearable and flexible lactic-acid/O2 EBFC with an air-breathing biocathode, the limitations of biocathode are effectively solved. The optimal performance conditions are determined through experiments, and the EBFC is successfully applied to power a low-power device.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Huayun Chen, Zhiheng You, Yuhui Hong, Xiao Wang, Mingming Zhao, Yushi Luan, Yibin Ying, Yixian Wang
Summary: This study developed a colorimetric sensor array using gas-responsive two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) composites for highly sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The dye/Zn-2(bim)(4) composites-based sensor arrays showed enhanced sensitivity and anti-interference properties. The findings demonstrate the potential use of dye/Zn-2(bim)(4) sensor arrays for early perception of plant diseases.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)