Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuxi Liu, Guannan Geng, Jing Cheng, Yang Liu, Qingyang Xiao, Liangke Liu, Qinren Shi, Dan Tong, Kebin He, Qiang Zhang
Summary: In response to severe air pollution, the Chinese government implemented two phases of clean air actions from 2013 to 2020. The efforts resulted in a decline in PM2.5 but an increase in MDA8 O-3. Both meteorological variations and anthropogenic emissions contributed to the rise of O-3, with anthropogenic emissions playing a more important role. The control of VOC and NO x is crucial for future O-3 pollution mitigation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Juzhang Ren
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of O-3 pollution on winter wheat yield loss, establishing evaluation and relationship models to provide scientific basis for food security and air pollution control measures. The results show that effective O-3 flux absorbed by winter wheat leaves leads to significant losses in ear weight, total dry weight, and economic yield.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jianbo Yang, Min Shao
Summary: The study reveals a significant increase in EAPME frequency in China from 1960 to 2019, with clear spatial variations. Heat waves have a major impact on ozone concentration and the generation of fine particles, while atmospheric stagnation affects fine particle pollution differently in northern and southern China.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ripley H. Tisdale, Rodolfo Zentella, Kent O. Burkey
Summary: Tropospheric ozone is a pollutant that can significantly reduce soybean yield globally. Research on the high-yielding soybean cultivar "Jake" showed that it has the ability to tolerate elevated ozone levels, with changes in leaf injury, biomass allocation, and ultimately yield loss under high ozone conditions.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Guoyou Zhang, Qinan Hu, Rong Cao, Rao Fu, Hamdulla Risalat, Xiaoya Pan, Yaxin Hu, Bo Shang, Rongjun Wu
Summary: The study revealed that both acute and chronic O-3 pollution can reduce rice production, but removing O-3 during acute pollution may help recover the yield loss.
AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. in't Veld, C. Carnerero, J. Massague, A. Alastuey, J. D. de la Rosa, A. M. Sanchez de la Campa, M. Escudero, E. Mantilla, G. Gangoiti, C. Perez Garcia-Pando, M. Olid, J. R. Moreta, J. L. Hernandez, J. Santamaria, M. Millan, X. Querol
Summary: The Guadalquivir Valley in Spain is a major O-3 hotspot where a measurement campaign was conducted to quantify local/regional O3 contributions. The study found that inputs from oceanic air masses, orographic-meteorological conditions, and local emissions all contribute to the accumulation of O-3.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jia Guo, Xiaoshan Zhang, Yi Gao, Zhangwei Wang, Meigen Zhang, Wenbo Xue, Hartmut Herrmann, Guy Pierre Brasseur, Tao Wang, Zhe Wang
Summary: Increasing surface ozone (O3) concentrations has become a major air pollution problem in urban regions worldwide. This study proposes a new approach (EKMA) to diagnose the ozone formation regime using easily accessible O3 and NO2 observation datasets. By mapping the monitored data on a modeling diagram, the ozone formation regime and historical evolution of precursors can be illustrated. The findings show that for most urban regions in China, the ozone formation is currently associated with a VOC-limited regime.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qing Zhu, Yang Yu, Haixing Gong, Yanyu Wang, Hongli Wang, Weijie Wang, Bo Xu, Tiantao Cheng
Summary: Since 2013, the implementation of pollution prevention and control action in China has reduced particulate pollution but increased ozone pollution, especially in the economically developed eastern region. Based on long-term observation data, the spatio-temporal characteristics of urban PM2.5 and O-3 pollution in the Yangtze River Delta were analyzed, and the effects of meteorological and non-meteorological factors on pollution were quantified. The results provide insights into particulate and ozone pollution in the region and can assist policymakers in formulating accurate air pollution prevention and control strategies at urban and city cluster scales in the future.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenyu Wei, Yuanyuan Fang, Yuntao Zhou
Summary: The study found that regional O-3 pollution events (lasting more than 7 days) occur more frequently and have a co-occurrence frequency of over 50% with air stagnation. Additionally, the majority of regional O-3 pollution events coincide with changes in daily maximum temperature. The intensity of air stagnation is the primary driver of O-3 pollution event intensity.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruijun Dang, Hong Liao, Yu Fu
Summary: The study used the GEOS-Chem model to investigate the factors driving the summer surface ozone trend in China during the period of 2012-2017, showing that both anthropogenic emissions and meteorological changes contributed to the increases in O3 concentrations in the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta. In particular, meteorological factors played a more significant role in driving O3 increases in the Yangtze River Delta.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fenjuan Wang, Shamil Maksyutov, Rajesh Janardanan, Aki Tsuruta, Akihiko Ito, Isamu Morino, Yukio Yoshida, Yasunori Tohjima, Johannes W. Kaiser, Xin Lan, Yong Zhang, Ivan Mammarella, Jost Lavric, Tsuneo Matsunaga
Summary: The dramatic increase in natural gas use in China as a substitute for coal has helped reduce CO2 emissions and air pollution. However, this climate mitigation benefit is offset by methane leakage into the atmosphere. Research estimates methane emissions from 2010 to 2018 in four regions of China and finds that the northeast region contributes the most to the overall methane emission growth rate, mainly due to the growth in natural gas use. The study highlights the detectable impact of increasing natural gas use on atmospheric methane observations and calls for methane emission reductions throughout the gas supply chain, as well as the promotion of low emission end-use facilities.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Jie Pei, Pengyu Liu, Huajun Fang, Xinyu Gao, Baihong Pan, Haolin Li, Han Guo, Feng Zhang
Summary: This study estimated the crop production reductions and economic losses for double-season rice in southern China during 2013-2019 induced by surface ozone pollution. Results show increasing trends of cumulative hourly ozone exposure above 40 ppb over the growing seasons. Ozone-induced relative yield losses ranged from 4.0% to 11.1%, resulting in significant crop production and economic losses.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hao Yin, Xiao Lu, Youwen Sun, Ke Li, Meng Gao, Bo Zheng, Cheng Liu
Summary: China's nationwide monitoring network has shown that urban summertime surface ozone levels increased by about 5% annually from 2013 to 2019, with a significant reduction observed in eastern China cities in May-August 2020. This reduction was mainly driven by changes in anthropogenic emissions and weather conditions, highlighting the effectiveness of current emission control strategies in ozone mitigation. The study suggests the potential of combining atmospheric chemical models with machine learning for better understanding and managing ozone drivers.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yiqian Ni, Yang Yang, Hailong Wang, Huimin Li, Mengyun Li, Pinya Wang, Ke Li, Hong Liao
Summary: Ozone pollution is a severe issue in China, posing a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. The differences in ozone changes between eastern China and the rest of China are found to be attributed to meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laura Duque, Erik H. Poelman, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
Summary: Exposure to high levels of ozone accelerates flowering in plants and attracts more pollinators, resulting in retained reproductive fitness despite negative effects on plant growth.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Correction
Forestry
Pierre Sicard, Alessandra De Marco, Elisa Carrari, Laurence Dalstein-Richier, Yasutomo Hoshika, Ovidiu Badea, Diana Pitar, Silvano Fares, Adriano Conte, Ionel Popa, Elena Paoletti
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alessandro Anav, Alessandra De Marco, Alessio Collalti, Lisa Emberson, Zhaozhong Feng, Danica Lombardozzi, Pierre Sicard, Thomas Verbeke, Nicolas Viovy, Marcello Vitale, Elena Paoletti
Summary: Due to the lack of continuous surface O-3 measurements, assessments of O-3 impacts on forests are largely missing. Different air quality standards are used in Europe and the US to protect forests from O-3, but the current metrics have limitations. The study found that O-3 uptake decreases gross primary production in northern hemisphere forests, and the current air quality standards overestimate the vulnerable regions.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shuangjiang Li, Zhaozhong Feng, Xiangyang Yuan, Miaomiao Wang, Evgenios Agathokleous
Summary: The response of isoprene emission rate to elevated O-3 varies between diploid and triploid genotypes of Chinese white poplar. While in diploid genotype, the reduction of ISOrate is caused by a systematic decrease related to ISO synthesis capacity, in triploid genotype, it results from increased ISO oxidative loss within the leaf.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Miaomiao Wang, Guolei Li, Zhaozhong Feng, Yong Liu, Xiangyang Yuan, Mercedes Uscola
Summary: This study investigated the sensitivity of diploid and triploid Populus tomentosa to ozone (O-3) and their internal regulatory mechanisms. Results showed that triploid plants were the most sensitive to O-3 and experienced the largest reductions in photosynthetic capacity and performance, as well as increased shoot:root ratio and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, both diploid and triploid plants reduced stomatal aperture in response to O-3, but only diploid plants showed minimal damage to photosynthetic pigments and lower lipid peroxidation. Overall, this study suggests that triploid P. tomentosa may be suitable as a bioenergy species under short-term O-3 contamination, while diploid P. tomentosa may perform better under continuously elevated O-3 over the long term.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Yansen Xu, Zhaozhong Feng, Jinlong Peng, Johan Uddling
Summary: The decline in mesophyll conductance (g(m)) is crucial in limiting photosynthesis in plants exposed to elevated ozone (O-3) levels. Leaf anatomical traits have been known to impact g(m), but the potential effects of O-3-induced changes in leaf anatomy on g(m) are still unclear. In this study, two poplar clones were exposed to elevated O-3 levels. The impacts of O-3 on photosynthetic capacity and anatomical characteristics were assessed to investigate the leaf anatomical properties that potentially affect g(m). Additionally, a global meta-analysis was conducted to explore the general response patterns of g(m) and leaf anatomy to O-3 exposure. The findings suggest that O-3-induced reduction in g(m) is critical in limiting leaf photosynthesis, and the changes in liquid-phase conductance, cell wall thickness, and chloroplast size contribute to this decline under elevated O-3 conditions.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
V. Calatayud, J. J. Dieguez, E. Agathokleous, P. Sicard
Summary: Air pollution is a major problem in cities worldwide, and the future electrification of vehicles is expected to have a significant impact on urban air quality. Machine learning models, such as the XGBoost model combined with SHAP analysis, can predict changes in air pollutant concentrations in the context of vehicle electrification.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuangjiang Li, Evgenios Agathokleous, Shenglan Li, Xiangyang Yuan, Yingdong Du, Zhaozhong Feng
Summary: This study investigates the sensitivity of tree species to ozone and its influencing factors, revealing that Salix matsudana is the most sensitive species while Quercus mongolica is the least sensitive. Leaf anatomical structures are not affected by ozone. The effects of ozone on ISO synthesis ability and stomatal conductance are the drivers of ISO rate sensitivity to ozone.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shenglan Li, Evgenios Agathokleous, Shuangjiang Li, Yansen Xu, Jiaxuan Xia, Zhaozhong Feng
Summary: Forest ecosystems are important carbon sinks, but their water-carbon cycles are affected by climate change. This meta-analysis found that elevated CO2 concentration increased leaf water use efficiency, while drought enhanced leaf and plant water use efficiency. These findings are important for predicting the carbon-water cycles of forests.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Abraham Okrah, Shenglan Li, Evgenios Agathokleous, Zhaozhong Feng
Summary: Ozone has significant effects on potato plants, including decreased shoot and belowground biomass, increased leaf area index and total number of injured leaves, and decreased total tuber number. The impact of ozone on stomatal conductance is more pronounced in shorter exposure durations. Higher ozone concentrations have a greater impact on leaf quantity compared to lower concentrations. The effect of ozone stress on physiology, growth, and yield varies among cultivars.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiangyang Yuan, Yan Xu, Vicent Calatayud, Zhengzhen Li, Zhaozhong Feng, Francesco Loreto
Summary: In this study conducted in Beijing and Nanjing, we investigated ISOP emissions from 32 common woody species and studied their relationships with plant functional types, leaf textures, and leaf physiological and biochemical traits. The results showed a significant positive correlation between isoprene emissions and chlorophyll content, isoprene synthase protein, and leaf nitrogen. However, there was no significant correlation between monoterpene emissions and any leaf physiological or biochemical trait. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using papery leaves and high chlorophyll content as indicators of high isoprene emitters in urban greening.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Yansen Xu, Zhaozhong Feng, Jinlong Peng, Lasse Tarvainen
Summary: Elevated O-3 concentration significantly reduces photosynthetic rate, maximum rate of carboxylation, and Rubisco content in hybrid poplar clones. However, it does not affect the time to reach full photosynthetic activation, indicating that Rubisco activity primarily limits photosynthetic induction.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhaozhong Feng, Yansen Xu, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Lulu Dai, Tianyi Zhang, Evgenios Agathokleous, Vicent Calatayud, Elena Paoletti, Arideep Mukherjee, Madhoolika Agrawal, Rokjin J. Park, Yujin J. Oak, Xu Yue
Summary: East Asia is highly affected by surface ozone pollution, leading to significant yield losses in crops. China has the highest relative yield loss, followed by Japan and South Korea. The study emphasizes the urgent need for mitigation action and agronomic measures to combat rising ozone levels and protect crop production.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Waqas, Majid Nazeer, Man Sing Wong, Wu Shaolin, Li Hon, Joon Heo
Summary: The socio-economic restriction measures implemented in the United States have significantly reduced nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions. The study highlights the impact of factors such as human mobility, population density, income, climate, and stationary sources on the reduction of NO2 at different stations. The research emphasizes the scientific impacts of the NO2 reduction and income inequality revealed by the pandemic on air quality and health disparities.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guorui Zhi, Jinhong Du, Aizhong Chen, Wenjing Jin, Na Ying, Zhihui Huang, Peng Xu, Di Wang, Jinghua Ma, Yuzhe Zhang, Jiabao Qu, Hao Zhang, Li Yang, Zhanyun Ma, Yanjun Ren, Hongyan Dang, Jianglong Cui, Pengchuan Lin, Zhuoshi He, Jinmin Zhao, Shuo Qi, Weiqi Zhang, Wenjuan Zhao, Yingxin Li, Qian Liu, Chen Zhao, Yi Tang, Peng Wei, Jingxu Wang, Zhen Song, Yao Kong, Xiangzhe Zhu, Yi Shen, Tianning Zhang, Yangxi Chu, Xinmin Zhang, Jiafeng Fu, Qingxian Gao, Jingnan Hu, Zhigang Xue
Summary: An comprehensive emission inventory for China in 2019, which includes both air pollutants and greenhouse gases, was developed in this study. The inventory utilizes existing frameworks and data to provide comparable emissions data and demonstrates the relationship between emissions and economic development.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
I-Ting Ku, Yong Zhou, Arsineh Hecobian, Katherine Benedict, Brent Buck, Emily Lachenmayer, Bryan Terry, Morgan Frazier, Jie Zhang, Da Pan, Lena Low, Amy Sullivan, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr
Summary: Unconventional oil and natural gas development (UOGD) in the United States has expanded rapidly in recent decades, raising concerns about its impact on air quality. This study conducted extensive air monitoring during the development of several large well pads in Broomfield, Colorado, providing a unique opportunity to examine changes in local air toxics and VOC concentrations during well drilling and completions and production. The study identified significant increases in VOC concentrations during drilling operations, highlighting the importance of emissions from synthetic drilling mud. The findings suggest opportunities to mitigate emissions during UOGD operations.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Puji Lestari, Akbar R. Tasrifani, Wiranda I. Suri, Martin J. Wooster, Mark J. Grosvenor, Yusuke Fujii, Vissia Ardiyani, Elisa Carboni, Gareth Thomas
Summary: This study developed field emission factors for various pollutants in peatland fires and estimated the total emissions. Gas samples were collected using an analyzer, while particulate samples were collected using air samplers. The study found significant emissions of CO2, CO, PM2.5, carbon aerosols, water-soluble ions, and elements from the fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia in 2019.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ligang Li, Yuyu Chen, Lu Fan, Dong Sun, Hu He, Yongshou Dai, Yong Wan, Fangfang Chen
Summary: A high-precision retrieval method based on a deep convolutional neural network and satellite remote sensing data is proposed to obtain accurate methane vertical profiles.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hyung Joo Lee, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Michael Fitzgibbon
Summary: This study investigated the changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution levels and their disparities in California, U.S. during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The results showed a decrease in NO2 concentrations, especially in urban and high-traffic areas. However, socially vulnerable populations still experienced higher levels of NO2 exposure. The study suggests that reducing NO2 disparities, particularly racial inequity, can be achieved through continued regulatory actions targeting traffic-related NOx emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Chiara Pietrogrande, Beatrice Biffi, Cristina Colombi, Eleonora Cuccia, Umberto Dal Santo, Luisa Romanato
Summary: This study investigates the chemical composition and oxidative potential of PM10 particles in the Po Valley, Italy, and demonstrates the impact of high levels of atmosphere ammonia. The rural area had significantly higher ammonia concentrations compared to the urban site, resulting in higher levels of secondary inorganic aerosol. Although the SIA components did not contribute significantly to the PM10 oxidative reactivity, they were correlated with the oxidative potential measurements. This suggests that the contribution of SIA to PM oxidative toxicity cannot be ignored.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalie Allen, Jan Gacnik, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, Mae Sexauer Gustin
Summary: Accurate measurement of atmospheric reactive mercury is challenging due to its reactivity and low concentrations. The University of Nevada, Reno Reactive Mercury Active System (RMAS) has been shown to be more accurate than the industry standard, but has limitations including long time resolution and sampling biases. Increasing the sampling flow rate negatively affected RM concentrations, but did not impact the chemical composition of RM captured on membranes.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chin-Yu Hsu, Wei-Ting Hsu, Ching-Yi Mou, Pei-Yi Wong, Chih-Da Wu, Yu-Cheng Chen
Summary: This study estimated the daily exposure concentrations of PM2.5 for elderly individuals residing in different regions of Taiwan using land use regression with machine learning (LUR_ML) and microenvironmental exposure (ME) models. The accuracy of the models varied across regions, with the ME models exhibiting higher predictions and lower biases. The use of region-specific microenvironmental measurements in the ME model showed potential for accurate prediction of personal PM2.5 exposure.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaohan Si, Kerrie Mengersen, Chuchu Ye, Wenbiao Hu
Summary: This study found that there is an interactive effect between air pollutants and weather factors, which significantly affects influenza transmission. Future research should consider the interactive effects between pollutants and temperature or humidity to evaluate the environment-influenza association.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luxi Xu, Ruijun Xu, Yunshao Ye, Rui Wang, Jing Wei, Chunxiang Shi, Qiaoxuan Lin, Ziquan Lv, Suli Huang, Qi Tian, Yuewei Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions for angina. The results showed that exposure to ambient particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone are associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for angina. The association with nitrogen dioxide exposure was found to be the strongest.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinyu Yu, Man Sing Wong, Majid Nazeer, Zhengqiang Li, Coco Yin Tung Kwok
Summary: This study proposes a novel method to address the challenge of missing values in satellite-derived AOD products and creates a comprehensive daily AOD dataset for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. By reconstructing missing values and developing a new model, the derived dataset outperforms existing products and agrees well with ground-based observations. Additionally, the dataset exhibits consistent temporal patterns and more spatial details.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yidan Zhang, Yifan Xu, Bo Peng, Wu Chen, Xiaoyu Cui, Tianle Zhang, Xi Chen, Yuan Yao, Mingjin Wang, Junyi Liu, Mei Zheng, Tong Zhu
Summary: This study developed a sensitive method to measure the metallic components of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and compared the results with different analysis methods. The concentrations of metallic components in personal PM2.5 samples were found to be significantly different from corresponding fixed-site samples. Personal sampling can reduce exposure misclassifications, and measuring metallic components is useful for exploring health risks and identifying sources of PM2.5.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jamie Leonard, Lea Ann El Rassi, Mona Abdul Samad, Samantha Prehn, Sanjay K. Mohanty
Summary: Increasing concentrations of microplastics in the Earth's atmosphere could have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The deposition rate of airborne microplastics is influenced by both land use and climate, and a global analysis suggests that climate may have a greater impact on the concentration and deposition rate of microplastics than land use.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tian Zhou, Xiaowen Zhou, Zining Yang, Carmen Cordoba-Jabonero, Yufei Wang, Zhongwei Huang, Pengbo Da, Qiju Luo, Zhijuan Zhang, Jinsen Shi, Jianrong Bi, Hocine Alikhodja
Summary: This study investigated the long-range transport and effects of North African and Middle Eastern dust in East Asia using lidar observations and model simulations. The results showed that the dust originated from multiple sources and had a long transport time. The vertical distribution of the dust was found to be crucial for assessing its impacts.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)