Article
Pediatrics
Yannick Regin, Andre Gie, An Eerdekens, Jaan Toelen, Anne Debeer
Summary: Ventilation and respiratory care have undergone substantial changes in extremely premature neonates. However, the impact on respiratory health remains unclear. This retrospective study investigated changes in respiratory care and disease frequency in extremely premature infants. The study found that the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) increased over time, despite advancements in treatment guidelines. There was also an increase in the use of non-invasive ventilation, and a decrease in the rates of certain non-pulmonary morbidities.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Vineet Lamba, Oscar Winners, Prem Fort
Summary: The study found that early high-dose caffeine (HD) therapy can reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in premature infants and decrease the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Article
Pediatrics
Tehila Adler-Haltovsky, Alex Gileles-Hillel, Ira Erlichman, Smadar Eventov-Friedman
Summary: A retrospective study investigated the changes in ventilation modes in preterm neonates over the last decade and their impact on the prevalence of BPD. The study found an increase in noninvasive ventilation rates, but no decrease in the use of invasive ventilation or the prevalence of BPD. The high prevalence of BPD in extreme prematurity remains a significant problem, suggesting the need for additional interventions.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Erik B. B. Hysinger, Shawn K. K. Ahlfeld
Summary: Preterm neonates have underdeveloped lungs and require respiratory support to enable independent breathing. They are also at high risk for lung injury, especially in the early weeks of life. Initially, respiratory support focuses on minimizing alveolar damage, while later stages may require strategies targeting pulmonary heterogeneity and obstructive respiratory physiology. With proper management, time, and growth, even extremely premature infants with severe lung disease can be weaned off respiratory support.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxwell Mathias, Jill Chang, Marta Perez, Ola Saugstad
Summary: Oxygen is crucial for cell survival, but excessive oxygen delivery can disrupt growth and development, induce inflammation, and cause oxidative damage. Newborns, especially premature infants, are particularly susceptible to hyperoxic injury due to their immature antioxidant defense system.
Article
Pediatrics
Jane Chung, Anjali Iyengar, Laura Santry, Eric Swanson, Jonathan M. Davis, MaryAnn V. Volpe
Summary: The increased use of noninvasive ventilation and decreased use of surfactant administration did not significantly change the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature neonates. The wide variation in BPD incidence across different definitions highlights the need for a consensus definition and better understanding of risk factors associated with BPD.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
A. Ioana Cristea, Clement L. Ren, Reshma Amin, Laurie C. Eldredge, Jonathan C. Levin, Parevi P. Majmudar, Anne E. May, Rebecca S. Rose, Michael C. Tracy, Karen F. Watters, Julian Allen, Eric D. Austin, Mary E. Cataletto, Joseph M. Collaco, Robert J. Fleck, Andrew Gelfand, Don Hayes, Marcus H. Jones, Sheila S. Kun, Erica W. Mandell, Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow, Howard B. Panitch, Rizwana Popatia, Lawrence M. Rhein, Alejandro Teper, Jason C. Woods, Narayan Iyer, Christopher D. Baker
Summary: This document provides an evidence-based clinical practice guideline on the outpatient management of premature infants, children, and adolescents with post-prematurity respiratory disease (PPRD), including recommendations for common medical therapies and diagnostic evaluations to improve patient care. The recommendations were developed based on limited evidence and expert opinion, with important areas for future research identified.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
A. Ioana Cristea, Clement L. Ren, Reshma Amin, Laurie C. Eldredge, Jonathan C. Levin, Parevi P. Majmudar, Anne E. May, Rebecca S. Rose, Michael C. Tracy, Karen F. Watters, Julian Allen, Eric D. Austin, Mary E. Cataletto, Joseph M. Collaco, Robert J. Fleck, Andrew Gelfand, Don Hayes, Marcus H. Jones, Sheila S. Kun, Erica W. Mandell, Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow, Howard B. Panitch, Rizwana Popatia, Lawrence M. Rhein, Alejandro Teper, Jason C. Woods, Narayan Iyer, Christopher D. Baker
Summary: This document provides an evidence-based clinical practice guideline on the outpatient management of infants, children, and adolescents with post-prematurity respiratory disease (PPRD). Recommendations were developed for or against three common medical therapies and four diagnostic evaluations in the context of outpatient management of PPRD. Expert panel formulated recommendations based on limited evidence and expert opinion for the outpatient management of patients with PPRD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Christoph Buehrer, Guenther Heller, Ulrich H. Thome
Summary: The study in Germany from 2010 to 2017 found a moderate decline in mortality, a slight increase in severe ROP, and a steady decline in BPD. Avoiding endotracheal intubation may have contributed to the lower rates of BPD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roopa Siddaiah, Christiana N. Oji-Mmuo, Deborah T. Montes, Nathalie Fuentes, Debra Spear, Ann Donnelly, Patricia Silveyra
Summary: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that develops in neonates as a consequence of preterm birth and inflammation. The study identified certain miRNAs in tracheal aspirates of preterm infants with severe BPD, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for disease severity in infants with BPD.
Review
Pediatrics
Kosmas Sarafidis, William Chotas, Eleni Agakidou, Paraskevi Karagianni, Vasiliki Drossou
Summary: This review examines the evolution of neonatal respiratory care, highlighting scientific advances and weaknesses in current knowledge. The role of non-invasive ventilation, less-invasive surfactant administration methods, and pharmacological therapies are discussed, along with an analysis of the cost-benefit of neonatal care-respiratory support and future challenges.
Article
Immunology
Tracy X. Cui, Alexander E. Brady, Ying-Jian Zhang, Christina T. Fulton, Adam M. Goldsmith, Antonia P. Popova
Summary: Premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) develop chronic respiratory symptoms after viral infections. Hyperoxia exposure increases activated lung dendritic cells (DCs) and proinflammatory responses in neonatal mice. This study found that early-life hyperoxia stimulates Flt3L expression, leading to expansion and activation of lung CD103+ DCs, thus mediating inflammation. In preterm infants, FLT3L levels positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokines levels and may contribute to the development of BPD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
A. Yazici, M. Buyuktiryaki, G. K. Simsek, H. G. Kanmaz Kutman, F. E. Canpolat
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in patients with moderate to severe BPD. The study found that several conditions, such as prolonged respiratory support, prolonged hospitalization, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy, and steroid therapy, were associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with BPD. These conditions can be avoided or prevented with strict protocols and prevention strategies.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Abhijeet A. Rakshasbhuvankar, J. Jane Pillow, Karen N. Simmer, Sanjay K. Patole
Summary: Vitamin A supplementation is beneficial for reducing the risk of BPD in very-preterm or VLBW infants, particularly in those with baseline vitamin A intake <1500 IU/kg·d(-1). Both enteral and parenteral routes of administration are effective, and supplementation does not have adverse effects on mortality or neurodevelopmental outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Samuel J. Gentle, Colm P. Travers, Matthew Clark, Waldemar A. Carlo, Namasivayam Ambalavanan
Summary: In extremely preterm infants on respiratory support on postnatal day 28, the presence and longer duration of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH).
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Mathias Luhr Hansen, Simon Hyttel-Sorensen, Janus Christian Jakobsen, Christian Gluud, Elisabeth M. W. Kooi, Jonathan Mintzer, Willem P. de Boode, Monica Fumagalli, Ana Alarcon, Thomas Alderliesten, Gorm Greisen
Summary: The evidence on the effects of clinical care with access to cerebral NIRS monitoring is very uncertain. Additional trials are required to obtain sufficient information and lower bias risk. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of cerebral NIRS monitoring.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Laura Moschino, Viraraghavan Vadakkencherry Ramaswamy, Irwin Karl Marcel Reiss, Eugenio Baraldi, Charles Christoph Roehr, Sinno Henricus Paulus Simons
Summary: The use of sedative drugs for less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in preterm neonates is a controversial topic. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that sedative drugs do not significantly affect the duration of the procedure but may increase the risk of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation, desaturation, and apnea. However, the certainty of evidence for these outcomes is low or very low.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Myra H. Wyckoff, Robert Greif, Peter T. Morley, Kee-Chong Ng, Theresa M. Olasveengen, Eunice M. Singletary, Jasmeet Soar, Adam Cheng, Ian R. Drennan, Helen G. Liley, Barnaby R. Scholefield, Michael A. Smyth, Michelle Welsford, David A. Zideman, Jason Acworth, Richard Aickin, Lars W. Andersen, Diane Atkins, David C. Berry, Farhan Bhanji, Joost Bierens, Vere Borra, Bernd W. Bottiger, Richard N. Bradley, Janet E. Bray, Jan Breckwoldt, Clifton W. Callaway, Jestin N. Carlson, Pascal Cassan, Maaret Castren, Wei-Tien Chang, Nathan P. Charlton, Sung Phil Chung, Julie Considine, Daniela T. Costa-Nobre, Keith Couper, Thomaz Bittencourt Couto, Katie N. Dainty, Peter G. Davis, Maria Fernanda de Almeida, Allan R. de Caen, Charles D. Deakin, Therese Djarv, Michael W. Donnino, Matthew J. Douma, Jonathan P. Duff, Cody L. Dunne, Kathryn Eastwood, Walid El-Naggar, Jorge G. Fabres, Joe Fawke, Judith Finn, Elizabeth E. Foglia, Fredrik Folke, Elaine Gilfoyle, Craig A. Goolsby, Asger Granfeldt, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Ruth Guinsburg, Karen G. Hirsch, Mathias J. Holmberg, Shigeharu Hosono, Ming-Ju Hsieh, Cindy H. Hsu, Takanari Ikeyama, Tetsuya Isayama, Nicholas J. Johnson, Vishal S. Kapadia, Mandira Daripa Kawakami, Han-Suk Kim, Monica Kleinman, David A. Kloeck, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Anthony T. Lagina, Kasper G. Lauridsen, Eric J. Lavonas, Henry C. Lee, Yiqun (Jeffrey) Lin, Andrew S. Lockey, Ian K. Maconochie, R. John Madar, Carolina Malta Hansen, Siobhan Masterson, Tasuku Matsuyama, Christopher J. D. McKinlay, Daniel Meyran, Patrick Morgan, Laurie J. Morrison, Vinay Nadkarni, Firdose L. Nakwa, Kevin J. Nation, Ziad Nehme, Michael Nemeth, Robert W. Neumar, Tonia Nicholson, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Chika Nishiyama, Tatsuya Norii, Gabrielle A. Nuthall, Brian J. O'Neill, Yong-Kwang Gene Ong, Aaron M. Orkin, Edison F. Paiva, Michael J. Parr, Catherine Patocka, Jeffrey L. Pellegrino, Gavin D. Perkins, Jeffrey M. Perlman, Yacov Rabi, Amelia G. Reis, Joshua C. Reynolds, Giuseppe Ristagno, Antonio Rodriguez-Nunez, Charles C. Roehr, Mario Rudiger, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Claudio Sandroni, Taylor L. Sawyer, Steve M. Schexnayder, Georg M. Schmolzer, Sebastian Schnaubelt, Federico Semeraro, Markus B. Skrifvars, Christopher M. Smith, Takahiro Sugiura, Janice A. Tijssen, Daniele Trevisanuto, Patrick Van de Voorde, Tzong-Luen Wang, Gary M. Weiner, Jonathan P. Wyllie, Chih-Wei Yang, Joyce Yeung, Jerry P. Nolan, Katherine M. Berg
Summary: This is the sixth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. This summary addresses the most recent resuscitation evidence reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. Various topics, such as resuscitation during transport and after drowning, were covered and consensus treatment recommendations were generated based on the quality of evidence.
Article
Pediatrics
Alexandra Scrivens, Nora Johanna Reibel, Lisanne Heeger, Simon Stanworth, Enrico Lopriore, Helen New, Christof Dame, Karin Fijnvandraat, Emoke Deschmann, Marta Aguar, Kristin Braekke, Francesco Stefano Cardona, Filip Cools, Ryan Farrugia, Stefano Ghirardello, Jana Lozar, Katarina Matasova, Tobias Muehlbacher, Ulla Sankilampi, Henrique Soares, Miklos Szabo, Tomasz Szczapa, Gabriela Zaharie, Charles Christoph Roehr, Suzanne Fustolo-Gunnink
Summary: This survey found significant variation in transfusion practices among NICUs in Europe, with liberal thresholds for transfusion compared to recent trial data. There is a need for further research to understand the barriers and enablers to incorporating recent trial findings into neonatal transfusion practice.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Aravanan Anbu Chakkarapani, Charles C. Roehr, Stuart B. Hooper, Arjan B. te Pas, Samir Gupta
Summary: Transitional circulation in newborns is temporary but highly variable among infants. It is an intermediate stage between fetal and neonatal circulation. Without definitive clinical trials, information from physiological studies can assist in making clinical decisions when there is hemodynamic compromise. This review summarizes the unique physiological features of transitional circulation in term and preterm infants, discussing common causes of hemodynamic compromise during the transition, intact umbilical cord resuscitation, and advanced hemodynamic monitoring.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Andrew S. J. Marshall, Alexandra Scrivens, Jennifer L. Bell, Louise Linsell, Pollyanna Hardy, Jean Yong, Rachel Williams, Eleri Adams, Manish Sadarangani, Edmund Juszczak, Charles C. Roehr, NeoCLEAR Collaborative Group
Summary: This study found that using a sitting position instead of a lying position during lumbar punctures in newborns can improve success rates. Sitting lumbar punctures are safe, cost-neutral, and well-tolerated. These results strongly support the widespread adoption of sitting technique for neonatal lumbar punctures.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Pediatrics
Clyde J. Wright, Kirsten Glaser, Christian P. Speer, Christoph Haertel, Charles C. Roehr
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter W. Horby, Jonathan R. Emberson, Buddha Basnyat, Mark Campbell, Leon Peto, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Natalie Staplin, Raph L. Hamers, John Amuasi, Jeremy Nel, Evelyne Kestelyn, Manisha Rawal, Roshan Kumar Jha, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Uun Sumardi, Damodar Paudel, Pham Ngoc Thach, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Emma Stratton, Louise Mew, Rahuldeb Sarkar, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya H. Buch, Jeremy Day, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Marion Mafham, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Guy Thwaites, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray
Summary: This study evaluated the use of high-dose corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, high-dose corticosteroids increased the risk of death compared to low-dose corticosteroids.
Article
Pediatrics
Niklas Breindahl, Martin G. Tolsgaard, Tine B. Henriksen, Charles C. Roehr, Tomasz Szczapa, Luigi Gagliardi, Maximo Vento, Ragnhild Stoen, Kajsa Bohlin, Anton H. van Kaam, Daniel Klotz, Xavier Durrmeyer, Tongyan Han, Anup C. Katheria, Peter A. Dargaville, Lise Aunsholt
Summary: This study established an international consensus on the training curriculum and assessment tool for the less invasive surfactant administration procedure (LISA). The consensus-based expert statement provides content that can optimize and standardize LISA training in the future.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Cristina Scutariu, Davide Bilardi, Francis I. I. Ayomoh, Charles C. C. Roehr
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Jarinda A. Poppe, Sean P. Fitzgibbon, H. Rob Taal, Sjoukje E. Loudon, Angela M. Tjiam, Charles C. Roehr, Irwin K. M. Reiss, Sinno H. P. Simons, Caroline Hartley
Summary: This study examines the ability of physiological data during the first postnatal month to predict laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. The results show that physiological data already have predictive accuracy, but further validation is needed. These findings suggest the potential of physiological data for future ROP prediction and early interventions to protect infants from abnormal retinal development.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tracy Karen Mitchell, Nigel J. Hall, Iain Yardley, Christina Cole, Pollyanna Hardy, Andy King, David Murray, Elizabeth Nuthall, Charles Roehr, Kayleigh Stanbury, Rachel Williams, John Pearce, Kerry Woolfall
Summary: This study aimed to explore parents' and medical practitioners' views on the acceptability and design of a clinical trial to determine whether routine prophylactic proton pump inhibitors (PPI) reduce the incidence of anastomotic stricture in infants with esophageal atresia (EA). The results showed that the proposed trial was viewed as feasible and acceptable by most parents and clinicians, as they had no significant concerns about the intervention medication and the trial protocol. Parents stated their hypothetical consent to their child's participation in the trial.
Correction
Pediatrics
Clyde J. Wright, Kirsten Glaser, Christian P. Speer, Christoph Haertel, Charles C. Roehr
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
David G. Sweet, Virgilio P. Carnielli, Gorm Greisen, Mikko Hallman, Katrin Klebermass-Schrehof, Eren Ozek, Arjan te Pas, Richard Plavka, Charles C. Roehr, Ola D. Saugstad, Umberto Simeoni, Christian P. Speer, Maximo Vento, Gerry H. A. Visser, Henry L. Halliday
Summary: The sixth version of European Guidelines for the Management of RDS has been developed by a panel of experienced European neonatologists and an expert perinatal obstetrician based on available literature up to end of 2022. These updated guidelines aim to optimize outcomes for babies with RDS through various measures such as prediction of risk of preterm delivery, appropriate maternal transfer to a perinatal center, and evidence-based lung-protective management. The guidelines also address the importance of general care for infants with RDS, including cardiovascular support and judicious use of antibiotics. The guidelines have received endorsement from the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) and the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS). Rating: 7 out of 10.
Review
Pediatrics
Viraraghavan Vadakkencherry Ramaswamy, Tapas Bandyopadhyay, Sushma Nangia, Gunjana Kumar, Abdul Kareem Pullattayil, Daniele Trevisanuto, Charles Christoph Roehr, Satyan Lakshminrusimha
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing immediate resuscitation without routine tracheal suctioning versus with routine suctioning in neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). The results showed that the clinical benefit or harm of routine tracheal suctioning versus no suctioning could not be determined for the primary outcome of mortality or requirement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, routine suctioning may have a lower risk of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and respiratory morbidities in neonates diagnosed with MAS. Due to the very low certainty of evidence, further studies are needed.
