Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 50, Pages 47299-47310Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15124
Keywords
artemisinin; silica nanoparticles; antibacterial; multipathway mechanism; nitrogen plasma
Funding
- Danish National Research Foundation
- Villum Foundation
- AUFF NOVA-project
- EU H2020 RISE 2016 (MNR4S) [734174]
- China Scholarship Council
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20170070]
- Jiangsu Province Foundation for talents of six key industries [NY-013]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31972172]
- Jiangsu University Research Fund [11JDG050]
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Artemisinin has excellent antimalarial, antiparasitic, and antibacterial activities; however, the poor water solubility of artemisinin crystal limits their application in antibiosis. Herein, artemisinin crystal was first composited with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) to form an artemisinin@silica nanoparticle (A@SNP). After treating with nitrogen plasma, the aqueous solubility of plasma-treated A@SNP (A@SNP-p) approaches 42.26%, which is possibly attributed to the exposure of hydrophilic groups such as -OH groups on the SNPs during the plasma process. Compared with the pristine A@SNP, the antibacterial activity of A@SNP-p against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains is further enhanced, and its bactericidal rate against both strains exceeded 6 log CFU/mL (>99.9999%), which is contributed by the increased water solubility of the A@SNP-p. A possible multipathway antibacterial mechanism of A@SNP was proposed and preliminarily proved by the changes of intracellular materials of bacteria and the inhibition of bacterial metabolism processes, including the HMP pathway in Gram-negative strain and EMP pathway in Gram-positive strain, after treating with A@SNP-p. These findings from the present work will provide a new view for fabricating artemisinin-based materials as antibiotics.
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