Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
Volume 1858, Issue 8, Pages 1812-1820Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.04.011
Keywords
Vesicles; Flip-flop; Transmembrane peptide; Lipid asymmetry; Transverse diffusion; Bilayer width
Categories
Funding
- NSF Grant [DMR 1404985]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [1404985] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We examined how hydrophobic peptide-accelerated transleaflet lipid movement (flip-flop) was affected by peptide sequence and vesicle composition and properties. A peptide with a completely hydrophobic sequence had little if any effect upon flip-flop. While peptides with a somewhat less hydrophobic sequence accelerated flip-flop, the half-time remained slow (hours) with substantial (0.5 mol%) peptide in the membranes. It appears that peptide-accelerated lipid flip-flop involves a rare event that may reflect a rare state of the peptide or lipid bilayer. There was no simple relationship between peptide overall hydrophobicity and flip-flop. In addition, flip-flop was not closely linked to whether the peptides were in a transmembrane or non-transmembrane (interfacial) inserted state. Flip-flop was also not associated with peptide-induced pore formation. We found that peptide-accelerated flip-flop is initially faster in small (highly curved) unilamellar vesicles relative to that in large unilamellar vesicles. Peptide-accelerated flip-flop was also affected by lipid composition, being slowed in vesicles with thick bilayers or those containing 30% cholesterol. Interestingly, these factors also slow spontaneous lipid flip-flop in the absence of peptide. Combined with previous studies, the results are most consistent with acceleration of lipid flip-flop by peptide-induced thinning of bilayer width. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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