4.3 Article

The occurrence of antibiotic-resistance genes in the Pilica River, Poland

Journal

ECOHYDROLOGY & HYDROBIOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 1-11

Publisher

EUROPEAN REGIONAL CENTRE ECOHYDROLOGY POLISH ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2019.09.002

Keywords

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Antibiotic resistance genes; Seasonal variations; Pilica River; Ecohydrology

Funding

  1. National Science Center (Poland) [2017/27/B/NZ9/00267, 2016/23/BNZ9/03669, 2015/19/B/ST10/02167]

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The aim of study was to analyze the occurrence of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in the Pilica River. Seasonal variations in the occurrence of ARGs in river water were also determined. Water samples were collected in 7 sites situated along a 186-km section of the Pilica River from Przedborz to estuary. River water was sampled four times between November 2017 and July 2018. Environmental DNA was isolated from water samples, and selected genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), beta-lactams (bla(OXA), bla(SHV), bla(TEM), blu(CTX-M)), macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin (MLS) antibiotics (ermF and linA), sulfonamides (sull), fluoroquinolones (aac(6')-Ib-a) as well as the integrase 1 (intil) gene and the 16S rRNA gene were amplified by standard PCR. ARGs were most prevalent and diverse in winter samples which harbored the intl1 gene and genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, MLS antibiotics, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. The bla(OXA) and bla(CTX-M) genes were detected only in two autumn samples. The bla(TEM) gene was prevalent in all samples regardless of the time and place of sampling. Variations in the prevalence of ARGs were not observed along the analyzed section of the Pilica River, which indicates that pollutant loads did not increase along the river continuum. It should be noted that selected genes (bla(TEM), tet(A), tet(E), ermF, linA) were present in all or nearly all water samples regardless of sampling date or sampling site, which indicates that these ARGs are ubiquitous in the environment. (C) 2019 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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