Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kevin M. Roccapriore, Qiang Zou, Lizhi Zhang, Rui Xue, Jiaqiang Yan, Maxim Ziatdinov, Mingming Fu, David G. Mandrus, Mina Yoon, Bobby G. Sumpter, Zheng Gai, Sergei Kalinin
Summary: The study uses a combination of machine learning and first-principles calculations to reveal the electronic structure changes in adatom arrays on the Co3Sn2S2 cleaved surface. By classifying the atoms based on their structure, it further reveals the unexpected inhomogeneity of electronic structures among atoms in similar configurations, suggesting the presence of multiple types of atoms on the surface.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
G. William Burg, Eslam Khalaf, Yimeng Wang, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Emanuel Tutuc
Summary: In this study, the twist angle dependence of correlated phases in alternating twist quadrilayer graphene (ATQG) is investigated. It is found that different signatures of correlated insulators and superconductivity are observed at different angles. These findings provide insights into the nature of correlations in twist multilayer graphene.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chi Zhang, Jason M. Bartell, Jonathan C. Karsch, Isaiah Gray, Gregory D. Fuchs
Summary: A time-resolved near-field magnetic microscope based on magnetothermal interactions is developed, providing spatial resolution on the scale of 100 nm and a temporal resolution below 100 ps. This microscope offers an accessible and comparatively low-cost approach for nanoscale spatiotemporal magnetic microscopy in laboratories.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
David Klenerman, Yuri Korchev, Pavel Novak, Andrew Shevchuk
Summary: The reduction in ion current near a cell surface when a fine pipette approaches allows imaging of cell surface topography with nanoscale resolution without damaging the delicate surface. By combining various methods such as single-channel recording, force application, and fluorescence imaging, there is great potential to image and map live cell surfaces at the nanoscale with high resolution and speed.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 14, 2021
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yoichi Otsuka, Bui Kamihoriuchi, Aya Takeuchi, Futoshi Iwata, Sara Tortorella, Takuya Matsumoto
Summary: Direct extraction and ionization techniques using minute amounts of solvent allow rapid analysis of chemical components in samples without sample preparation. A feedback control system applied to tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization technique maintains probe vibration amplitude while scanning over uneven samples, enabling high-resolution imaging of molecular distribution and surface profiles. This method can be applied for examining multidimensional molecular distribution and surface profiles of various objects.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Kerelsky, Carmen Rubio-Verdu, Lede Xian, Dante M. Kennes, Dorri Halbertal, Nathan Finney, Larry Song, Simon Turkel, Lei Wang, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, James Hone, Cory Dean, Dmitri N. Basov, Angel Rubio, Abhay N. Pasupathy
Summary: This study demonstrates the formation of emergent correlated phases in multilayer rhombohedral graphene without the need for twisted van der Waals layers. The study shows that two layers of bilayer graphene twisted by a tiny angle can host large regions of uniform rhombohedral four-layer graphene with a sharp van Hove singularity. Furthermore, the study suggests that the broken symmetry state in ABCA graphene could be attributed to a charge-transfer excitonic insulator or a ferrimagnet.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Junxi Yu, Rajiv Giridharagopal, Yuhao Li, Kaichen Xie, Jiangyu Li, Ting Cao, Xiaodong Xu, David S. Ginger
Summary: By studying graphene with ABAB and ABCA stacking, it was found that the surface potential of ABCA regions is approximately 15 mV higher than that of ABAB regions, due to stacking-dependent electronic structure. The moire superlattice visualized by LPFM can change with time, while imaging the surface potential distribution via SKPM appears more stable for mapping ABAB and ABCA regions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Misae Otoyama, Takehiro Yamaoka, Hiroyuki Ito, Yuki Inagi, Atsushi Sakuda, Masahiro Tatsumisago, Akitoshi Hayashi
Summary: This study evaluated the electrical properties of individual LiN1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) electrode active material particles in composite positive electrodes using scanning probe microscopy techniques. The results showed the existence of local electronic conduction path limitations, which hindered the charge-discharge reactivity of electrode active materials, leading to performance degradation in batteries. Therefore, accelerating morphological optimization and investigating the intrinsic electrical properties of electrodes can contribute to improving battery performance.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Chunlei Yang, Tianhui Su, Yanbo Hua, Liming Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the latest results of electrochemical scanning probe microscopy techniques in studying the interfacial properties of electrocatalysts and photoelectrodes, and offers some perspectives on future research directions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qing Yuan, Yafei Li, Deping Guo, Cancan Lou, Xingxia Cui, Guangqiang Mei, Chengxiang Jiao, Kai Huang, Xuefeng Hou, Wei Ji, Limin Cao, Min Feng
Summary: This study reports the emergence of a large energy gap in Bi(110) two-atomic-layer nanoribbons grown on a SnSe(001) substrate, which is normally semimetal-like. The size of the energy gap is determined by the Bi coverage, with it disappearing above a certain percentage. Measurements and simulations reveal the distorted black phosphorous structure of both insulating and semimetal-like Bi(110). The experimental strategy can be applied to create Bi(110) nanostructures with unique properties on other surfaces as well.
Article
Optics
Ekaterina Pshenay-Severin, Hyeonsoo Bae, Karl Reichwald, Gregor Matz, Jorg Bierlich, Jens Kobelke, Adrian Lorenz, Anka Schwuchow, Tobias Meyer-Zedler, Michael Schmitt, Bernhard Messerschmidt, Juergen Popp
Summary: Multimodal non-linear microscopy combining various techniques is a powerful tool for label-free investigation of tissue structure and molecular composition. Implementing this approach in an in vivo imaging endoscope presents challenges, but a new fiber-scanning endoscope platform offers a solution with efficient signal collection and high power laser delivery.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Junli Peng, Qikai Ju, Baoshuai An, Zhengji Yin, Ningning Wei, Yanru Zhang
Summary: This study describes the design and biological applications of a novel fluorescence probe, SS-N-3, for the detection of hydrogen sulfide in vivo. The probe exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide, with strong anti-interference capacity. Additionally, the probe shows low cytotoxicity, improved photostability, and a large Stokes shift, making it an effective indicator of hydrogen sulfide levels in living cells.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Prachi Ghoderao, Sanjay Sahare, Shern-Long Lee, Prashant Sonar
Summary: Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a powerful technique that allows for the observation and analysis of nanoscale materials and biological molecules through the use of sharp probes that scan the sample surface. This method, which includes scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), provides valuable insights into the properties and behavior of these materials at a molecular level. This review highlights the applications of SPM in biomolecule imaging and the study of physiological processes, as well as the challenges and potential solutions in biological sample preparation. It also discusses the recent advancements in STM and AFM applications on biomolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates, and their potential applications in fields like drug delivery and biosensors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carolina Parra, Francis C. Niestemski, Alex W. Contryman, Paula Giraldo-Gallo, Theodore H. Geballe, Ian R. Fisher, Hari C. Manoharan
Summary: Spatially resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on the 3D superconductor BaPb1-xBixO3 reveal key signatures of emergent electronic granularity, previously only conjectured and observed in 2D thin-film systems. These signatures include emergent superconducting domains, finite energy gap, and enhanced spatial anticorrelation between pairing amplitude and gap magnitude near the superconductor-insulator transition. This suggests the presence of 2D superconducting behavior within a conventional 3D s-wave host, hinting at an unexplained interdimensional phenomenon.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Adarsh S. Patri, T. Senthil
Summary: Recent experiments have found various correlated phases, such as ferromagnetism and superconductivity, in multilayer graphene without a moiré potential. This raises the question of whether the moiré potential plays a role in determining the phases or simply perturbs an underlying many-body state. This study theoretically investigates the effects of a hexagonal boron nitride substrate on ABC-stacked trilayer graphene using Hartree-Fock mean field analysis, highlighting the importance of the moiré potential in determining strong correlation physics.
Article
Physics, Applied
Michael Dapolito, Xinzhong Chen, Chaoran Li, Makoto Tsuneto, Shuai Zhang, Xu Du, Mengkun Liu, Adrian Gozar
Summary: Recent developments in cryogenic s-SNOM have led to breakthroughs in studying low energy excitations in quantum materials. However, constructing a cryo-SNOM is challenging due to the demands for vibration isolation, low base temperature, precise nano-positioning, and optical access. In this work, we propose a straightforward alternative using metal-coated Akiyama probes that detect cantilever tapping motion through a piezoelectric signal. Our results show that this Akiyama-based cryo-SNOM achieves high spatial resolution and good near-field contrast with a more compact system compared to other implementations.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Xinzhong Chen, Ziheng Yao, Zhiyuan Sun, Stefan G. Stanciu, D. N. Basov, Rainer Hillenbrand, Mengkun Liu
Summary: The modeling of near-field interaction in scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) is rapidly advancing, but a versatile and accurate modeling framework for various complex situations is still lacking. In this work, a time-efficient numerical scheme in the quasi-electrostatic limit is proposed to capture the tip-sample interaction in the near field. The method considers an extended tip geometry, providing an advantage compared to the previously reported methods. Through investigating anisotropy, experimental parameters, and spatial resolution, the method contributes to the understanding of the contrast mechanism in s-SNOM imaging and spectroscopy and provides a valuable platform for future quantitative analysis of experimental observations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuai Zhang, Baichang Li, Xinzhong Chen, Francesco L. Ruta, Yinming Shao, Aaron J. Sternbach, A. S. McLeod, Zhiyuan Sun, Lin Xiong, S. L. Moore, Xinyi Xu, Wenjing Wu, Sara Shabani, Lin Zhou, Zhiying Wang, Fabian Mooshammer, Essance Ray, Nathan Wilson, P. J. Schuck, C. R. Dean, A. N. Pasupathy, Michal Lipson, Xiaodong Xu, Xiaoyang Zhu, A. J. Millis, Mengkun Liu, James C. Hone, D. N. Basov
Summary: Excitons play a dominant role in the optoelectronic properties of atomically thin semiconductors. In this study, the authors used a scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) to characterize the exciton spectra and complex dielectric function of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with previously unattainable resolution. The results provide insights into the spatial dependence of excitons and pave the way for their manipulation at the nanoscale.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hyeon Jun Lee, Youngjun Ahn, Samuel D. Marks, Deepankar Sri Gyan, Eric C. Landahl, Jun Young Lee, Tae Yeon Kim, Sanjith Unithrattil, Sae Hwan Chun, Sunam Kim, Sang-Youn Park, Intae Eom, Carolina Adamo, Darrell G. Schlom, Haidan Wen, Sooheyong Lee, Ji Young Jo, Paul G. Evans
Summary: The study finds that optical excitation can generate ultrafast stress in the classical multiferroic material BiFeO3. The time scale of stress generation is determined by the dynamics of the excited electronic states and the coupling between electronic configuration and structure. The experimental results provide insights into stress generation mechanisms and point to new applications of nanoscale multiferroics and related ferroic complex oxides.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samuel D. Marks, Rui Liu, Yajin Chen, Qian Li, Steven J. Leake, Donald E. Savage, Susan E. Babcock, Tobias U. Schulli, Paul G. Evans
Summary: The crystallization of amorphous complex oxide layers from isolated seed crystals offers a way to overcome geometric limitations in thin-film epitaxial growth methods, and enables nanoscale morphological control during solid-phase epitaxial crystallization.
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinzhong Chen, Suheng Xu, Sara Shabani, Yueqi Zhao, Matthew Fu, Andrew J. Millis, Michael M. Fogler, Abhay N. Pasupathy, Mengkun Liu, D. N. Basov
Summary: The ability to perform nanometer-scale optical imaging and spectroscopy is crucial for decoding low-energy effects in quantum materials, as well as identifying vibrational fingerprints in planetary and extraterrestrial particles, catalytic substances, and aqueous biological samples. The scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) technique, along with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms, can greatly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and intelligence of scanning probe optical nanoscopy.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Keiichiro Imura, Shota Ishikawa, Sachio Komori, Tomoyasu Taniyama
Summary: In La1-xSrxMnO3(LSMO)/BaTiO3(BTO) heterostructures, an artificial modulation of the magnetic structure is observed. The saturation magnetization of La1_xSrxMnO3 changes discontinuously due to in-plane distortions caused by a structural phase transition of a BaTiO3 substrate. The polarity reversal of the external electric field also causes a reversible switching in the magnetization. The magnitude of both magnetic modulations is concomitantly enhanced at a critical composition xc -0.55, located at a border of the magnetic phase transition. The polarity-dependent change in magnetization is possibly attributed to a change in the concentration of oxygen ions at the LSMO/BTO interface, indicating that the exchange interaction is reciprocally driven from being ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic by the electric field polarity.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yuichi Hisada, Sachio Komori, Keiichiro Imura, Tomoyasu Taniyama
Summary: In recent years, antiferromagnetic materials have gained increasing attention for their stability in high magnetic fields and ultrafast magnetization dynamics. Synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) consisting of ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic multilayers have been explored for their potential magnetic control by an electric field, offering possibilities for energy-saving spintronic memory devices. This study investigates the electric field-induced magnetoelastic response of Co/Ru/Co SAFs on ferroelectric substrates, revealing the disappearance of the magnetoelastic response at the boundary between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interlayer exchange couplings (IEC). These findings provide valuable insights into the coupling between magnetoelastic effects and IEC, aiding in the design of spintronic memory devices based on SAFs.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Y. Zhao, X. Chen, Z. Yao, M. K. Liu, M. M. Fogler
Summary: Scanning near-field optical microscopy is an effective technique for nanoscale spectroscopy. However, extracting optical constants from the measured near-field signal is challenging due to complex interaction. We propose a deep learning network combined with a fitting algorithm for automated parameter extraction, which shows superior accuracy, noise stability, and computational speed in simulated spectra.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Guangying Wang, Yuting Li, Jeremy Kirch, Yizhou Han, Jiahao Chen, Samuel Marks, Swarnav Mukhopadhyay, Rui Liu, Cheng Liu, Paul G. Evans, Shubhra S. Pasayat
Summary: SAM is a potential substrate material for group III-nitride semiconductors, offering a lower lattice mismatch compared to conventional sapphire and silicon substrates. However, bulk SAM substrates are expensive and lack large area availability. This study demonstrates the use of solid-phase epitaxy to transform amorphous SAM on a sapphire substrate into a crystalline form, which is a cost-efficient and scalable approach. The results show that InGaN on SAM layers exhibit higher intensity and emission redshift, providing a promising prospect for efficient longer-wavelength emitters.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Youngjun Ahn, Jiawei Zhang, Zhaodong Chu, Donald A. Walko, Stephan O. Hruszkewycz, Paul G. Evans, Eric E. Fullerton, Haidan Wen
Summary: Dynamical control of thermal transport at the nanoscale can be achieved through optically driven structural phase transitions, enabling ultrafast modulation of nanoscale thermal switches.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Michael Dapolito, Makoto Tsuneto, Wenjun Zheng, Lukas Wehmeier, Suheng Xu, Xinzhong Chen, Jiacheng Sun, Zengyi Du, Yinming Shao, Ran Jing, Shuai Zhang, Adrien Bercher, Yinan Dong, Dorri Halbertal, Vibhu Ravindran, Zijian Zhou, Mila Petrovic, Adrian Gozar, G. L. Carr, Qiang Li, Alexey B. Kuzmenko, Michael M. Fogler, D. N. Basov, Xu Du, Mengkun Liu
Summary: Magnetic fields can significantly affect electron motion in quantum materials. We have visualized the magnetic-field-tunable dispersion of propagating magnetoexciton polaritons in near-charge-neutral graphene. By imaging these collective modes and their associated nano-electro-optical responses, we have identified pronounced optical and photo-thermal electric effects at the sample edges, particularly near charge neutrality. Our nano-magneto-optics approach allows us to explore and manipulate magnetopolaritons in specimens with low carrier doping by utilizing high magnetic fields. The dispersion of Dirac magnetoexcitons in charge-neutral graphene has been directly imaged up to 7 T using a magneto cryogenic near-field microscope.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuai Zhang, Yang Liu, Zhiyuan Sun, Xinzhong Chen, Baichang Li, S. L. Moore, Song Liu, Zhiying Wang, S. E. Rossi, Ran Jing, Jordan Fonseca, Birui Yang, Yinming Shao, Chun-Ying Huang, Taketo Handa, Lin Xiong, Matthew Fu, Tsai-Chun Pan, Dorri Halbertal, Xinyi Xu, Wenjun Zheng, P. J. Schuck, A. N. Pasupathy, C. R. Dean, Xiaoyang Zhu, David H. Cobden, Xiaodong Xu, Mengkun Liu, M. M. Fogler, James C. Hone, D. N. Basov
Summary: The discovery of ferroelectricity in twisted van der Waals layers provides new opportunities to engineer spatially dependent electric and optical properties. In this study, near-field infrared nano-imaging and nano-photocurrent measurements were used to investigate ferroelectricity in minimally twisted WSe2. The ferroelectric domains were visualized through the plasmonic response in adjacent graphene monolayers, and it was found that the optoelectronic properties of graphene were modulated by the proximal ferroelectric domains. This approach offers a promising alternative strategy for studying moire ferroelectricity and has implications for (opto)electronic devices.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ran Jing, Rocco A. Vitalone, Suheng Xu, Chiu Fan Bowen Lo, Zaiyao Fei, Elliott Runburg, Yinming Shao, Xinzhong Chen, Fabian Mooshammer, Alexander S. Mcleod, Mengkun Liu, Michael M. Fogler, David H. Cobden, Xiaodong Xu, D. N. Basov
Summary: In this study, the real-space features of the plasmonic response of few-layer WTe2 were visualized and evaluated using time-domain THz nanoimaging technique combined with scattering amplitude experiments.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takuto Nakamura, Toru Nakaya, Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo, Hiroki Sugihara, Kiyohisa Tanaka, Ryu Yukawa, Miho Kitamura, Hiroshi Kumigashira, Keiichiro Imura, Hiroyuki S. Suzuki, Noriaki K. Sato, Shin-ichi Kimura
Summary: The electronic structure changes on the SmS surface under K doping are investigated using core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the mean valence of Sm on the surface increases from nearly divalent to trivalent states with increasing K deposition. This carrier-induced valence transition (CIVT) from Sm2+ to Sm3+ is opposite to the conventional electron doping. The excess electrons from K atoms transfer to S sites, and the liberated electrons from Sm3+ ions due to CIVT are trapped around the Sm3+ ions like local excitons.
