Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Boris Rosin, Jose-Alain Sahel
Summary: Ocular and specifically retinal toxicities caused by systemic medications are common and cover various disease modalities. Established follow-up protocols are in place for many of these drugs to ensure timely detection and cessation of therapy. The recent study by Kong et al (2023) in EMBO Molecular Medicine investigated the retinal toxicity induced by deferoxamine (DFO) using both in vivo and in vitro techniques. Their findings suggest a potential protective role for alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation against DFO toxicity.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Imran H. Yusuf, Peter Charbel Issa, Seong Joon Ahn
Summary: Long-term use of hydroxychloroquine can lead to retinopathy and visual loss. The prevalence of retinal toxicity in long-term users is higher than previously estimated. Early detection through retinal imaging techniques has raised public health concerns, warranting the implementation of retinopathy screening programs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Tiphaine Lenfant, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau
Summary: Contemporary guidelines suggest using lower dosages of hydroxychloroquine to minimize toxicity in managing SLE, but new evidence raises concerns about increased risk of SLE flare. The benefits and risks of this controversial recommendation need to be balanced.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Seong Joon Ahn, Eoi Jong Seo, Ko Eun Kim, Yu Jeong Kim, Byung Ro Lee, June-Gone Kim, Young Hee Yoon, Joo Yong Lee
Summary: This study investigated the long-term progression of pericentral hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, finding severity-dependent progression patterns in different stages of the disease.
Article
Ophthalmology
Salvatore Parrulli, Mariano Cozzi, Matteo Airaldi, Francesco Romano, Francesco Viola, Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini, Giovanni Staurenghi, Alessandro Invernizzi
Summary: This study found a possible preclinical increase of qAF values in the inferior parafoveal sectors among patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) but with no apparent signs of retinal toxicity.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhao-Yu Xiang, Shu-Li Chen, Xin-Ran Qin, Sen-Lin Lin, Yi Xu, Li-Na Lu, Hai-Dong Zou
Summary: This study investigated the differences in blood CCN1 levels between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals, as well as the relationship between CCN1 and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The results showed that plasma CCN1 levels were significantly higher in patients with DR compared to the control and DM groups. High and very high levels of CCN1 were identified as risk factors for DR. CCN1 may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of DR, and its effects on DR may be associated with hypoxia, oxidative stress, and dephosphorylation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ronald B. Melles, Michael F. Marmor
Summary: This study aims to demonstrate the importance of rapid macular thinning as an early and objective sign of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. By conducting OCT studies on patients receiving long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy, it was found that rapid macular thinning is associated with hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity and may occur several years before conventional signs appear. This approach can alert physicians and patients to potential retinal damage.
Article
Rheumatology
Michelle Petri, Maximilian F. Konig, Jessica Li, Daniel W. Goldman
Summary: This study found that low HCQ blood levels are associated with thrombotic events in SLE patients. For every 200 ng/ml increase in the most recent HCQ blood level, thrombosis rates were reduced by 13%. Longitudinal monitoring of HCQ levels may allow for personalized dosing strategies.
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Imran H. Yusuf, Peter Charbel Issa, Seong Joon Ahn
Summary: Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy is an iatrogenic cause of irreversible visual impairment that has gained recognition due to the widespread use of hydroxychloroquine and advancements in retinal imaging techniques. Novel retinal imaging techniques show promise in early detection of the disease and may reduce the risk of visual loss by detecting pre-clinical disease.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Shivani Garg, Betty Chewning, Paul Hutson, Brad C. Astor, Christie M. Bartels
Summary: Recent data suggest that lower doses of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are associated with a higher risk of lupus flares. Establishing an effective reference range of HCQ blood levels may help individualize dosing to prevent flares.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Min Zhang, Jinye Wu, Yimin Wang, Jiali Wu, Weiting Hu, Huixun Jia, Xiaodong Sun
Summary: This study evaluated the associations between blood pressure levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients with diabetes mellitus. The results showed that there were associations between hypertension, elevated blood pressure levels, and the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ko Eun Kim, So Jung Ryu, Young Hwan Kim, Yuchan Seo, Seong Joon Ahn
Summary: In this study, the patterns of visual field defects and the diagnostic abilities of VF tests using different strategies were investigated in Asian patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. The most common VF defect pattern was partial- or full-ring scotoma in both the 10-2 and 30-2 tests. The sensitivity of the 30-2 test was higher than that of the 10-2 test in overall and early pericentral retinopathy, while the specificity of the 10-2 test was higher than that of the 30-2 test.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jae-Eun Lee, Dal Ri Nam, Yoon-Kyoung Sung, Yu Jeong Kim, Sun-Young Jung
Summary: This study analyzed the trends of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prescription and retinopathy screening in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on clinical practice guidelines. The results showed that HCQ dosing management was adequate according to the revised guidelines, and although the implementation rate of retinal screening has increased, it is necessary to enhance awareness of retinal screening in clinical settings.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seong Joon Ahn, Ji Hong Kim
Summary: Late diagnosis of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy is a major concern, with causes including lack of referral to ophthalmologists, missed monitoring appointments, and insufficient screening tests. The proportion of late diagnoses has decreased over time, suggesting improvements in screening practices.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
G. Cramarossa, H-Y Liu, M. A. Turk, J. E. Pope
Summary: This systematic review identified multiple sources of recommendations regarding hydroxychloroquine prescribing and monitoring guidelines, with a trend towards lower dosing recommendations. Annual screening may be necessary for early detection of retinal toxicity changes.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
M. Tayel, A. El Zawawy, N. Baddour, M. Soliman, M. Ibrahim
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2014)
Review
Rheumatology
Tamer A. Gheita, Eiman Abd El-Latif, Iman I. El-Gazzar, Nermeen Samy, Nevin Hammam, Rasha A. Abdel Noor, Emad El-Shebeiny, Amany R. El-Najjar, Nahla N. Eesa, Mohamed N. Salem, Soha E. Ibrahim, Dina F. El-Essawi, Ahmed M. Elsaman, Hanan M. Fathi, Rehab A. Sallam, Rawhya R. El-Shereef, Mervat I. Abd-Elazeem, Emtethal A. Said, Noha M. Khalil, Dina Shahin, Hanan M. El-Saadany, Marwa S. ElKhalifa, Samah I. Nasef, Ahmed M. Abdalla, Nermeen Noshy, Rasha M. Fawzy, Ehab Saad, Abdel-Hafeez Moshrif, Amira T. El-Shanawany, Yousra H. Abdel-Fattah, Hossam M. Khalil
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2019)
Letter
Rheumatology
Michelle Petri, Jessica Li, Marwa Elkhalifa, Laurence S. Magder, Daniel W. Goldman
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Rheumatology
Marwa Elkhalifa, Ana-Maria Orbai, Laurence S. Magder, Michelle Petri, Graciela S. Alarcon, Caroline Gordon, Joan Merrill, Paul R. Fortin, Ian N. Bruce, David Isenberg, Daniel Wallace, Ola Nived, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, Sang-Cheol Bae, John G. Hanly, Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero, Ann E. Clarke, Cynthia Aranow, Susan Manzi, Murray Urowitz, Dafna D. Gladman, Ken Kalunian, Victoria P. Werth, Asad Zoma, Sasha Bernatsky, Munther Khamashta, Soren Jacobsen, Jill P. Buyon, Mary Anne Dooley, Ronald van Vollenhoven, Ellen Ginzler, Thomas Stoll, Christine Peschken, Joseph L. Jorizzo, Jeffery P. Callen, Sam Lim, Murat Inanc, Diane L. Kamen, Anisur Rahman, Kristjan Steinsson, Andrew G. Franks
Summary: The study assessed the prevalence of anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I IgA in SLE compared to other rheumatic diseases and its association with disease manifestations. Results showed that anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I IgA is more common in patients with SLE, particularly in those of African descent.
Article
Rheumatology
Tamer A. Gheita, Rasha Abdel Noor, Esam Abualfadl, Osama S. Abousehly, Iman I. El-Gazzar, Rawhya R. El Shereef, Soha Senara, Ahmed M. Abdalla, Noha M. Khalil, Ahmed M. ElSaman, Samar Tharwat, Samah Nasef, Eman F. Mohamed, Nermeen Noshy, Dina F. El-Essawi, Abdel Hafeez Moshrif, Rasha M. Fawzy, Amany R. El-Najjar, Nevin Hammam, Faten Ismail, Marwa ElKhalifa, Nermeen Samy, Eman Hassan, Nouran M. Abaza, Emad ElShebini, Hanan M. Fathi, Mohamed N. Salem, Yousra H. Abdel-Fattah, Ehab Saad, Mervat Abd Elazim, Nahla N. Eesa, Amany S. El-Bahnasawy, Dina H. El-Hammady, Amira T. El-Shanawany, Soha E. Ibrahim, Emtethal A. Said, Hanan M. El-Saadany, Zahraa Selim, Samar M. Fawzy, Hala A. Raafat
Summary: This study presented the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment patterns of SLE in Egyptian patients, comparing the findings to global cohorts. The age at onset and gender differences were found to influence disease characteristics. The prevalence of adult SLE in Egypt was 6.1/100,000 population, with variations in disease characteristics based on age at onset and gender.
Article
Rheumatology
Tamer A. Gheita, Nevin Hammam, Samar M. Fawzy, Eiman Abd El-Latif, Iman I. El-Gazzar, Nermeen Samy, Dina H. El-Hammady, Rasha Abdel Noor, Emad El-Shebini, Amany R. El-Najjar, Nahla N. Eesa, Mohamed N. Salem, Soha E. Ibrahim, Dina F. El-Essawi, Ahmed M. Elsaman, Soha Senara, Hanan M. Fathi, Rehab A. Sallam, Rawhya R. El Shereef, Mervat Abd Elazeem, Rasha M. Fawzy, Noha M. Khalil, Dina Shahin, Hanan M. El-Saadany, Marwa ElKhalifa, Samah Nasef, Ahmed M. Abdalla, Nermeen Noshy, Emtethal A. Said, Ehab Saad, Abdel Hafeez Moshrif, Amira T. El-Shanawany, Yousra H. Abdel-Fattah, Hala A. Raafat, Hossam M. Khalil
Summary: This study developed and validated a simple BD Damage Index (BDI) through three stages of work, and compared it with other vasculitis damage indices. The results suggest that BDI may be a useful tool for evaluating damage and chronic status in BD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Nahla N. Eesa, Hend Abdel Nabi, Rasha El Owaidy, Iman Khalifa, Ahmed R. Radwan, Abeer M. NourEl-Din, Marwa A. Amer, Rawhya R. ElShereef, Eman Hassan, Faten Ismail, Iman I. El-Gazzar, Noha M. Khalil, Abdel Hafeez Moshrif, Esam Abualfadl, Samar Tharwat, Hanan M. Fathi, Mervat Abd Elazeem, Emad El-Shebini, Nermeen Samy, Nermeen Noshy, Amany S. El-Bahnasawy, Ahmed M. Abdalla, Osama S. Abousehly, Eman F. Mohamed, Samah Nasef, Ahmed M. Elsaman, Marwa ElKhalifa, Mohamed N. Salem, Nouran M. Abaza, Hanan M. Fathy, Nancy Abdel Salam, Hanan M. El-Saadany, Amany R. El-Najjar, Dina H. El-Hammady, Nevin Hammam, Reem Ha Mohammed, Tamer A. Gheita
Summary: This study in Egypt found that female juvenile patients are more likely to have skin involvement, while renal involvement is more common in peri-pubertal children.
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Nevin Hammam, Eiman Abd El-Latif, Iman I. El-Gazzar, Nermeen Samy, Rasha A. Abdel Noor, Emad El-Shebeiny, Amany R. El-Najjar, Nahla N. Eesa, Mohamed N. Salem, Soha E. Ibrahim, Dina F. El-Essawi, Ahmed M. Elsaman, Hanan M. Fathi, Rehab A. Sallam, Rawhya R. El-Shereef, Mervat I. Abd-Elazeem, Emtethal A. Said, Noha M. Khalil, Dina Shahin, Hanan M. El-Saadany, Marwa S. ElKhalifa, Samah I. Nasef, Ahmed M. Abdalla, Nermeen Noshy, Rasha M. Fawzy, Ehab Saad, Abdel-Hafeez Moshrif, Amira T. El-Shanawany, Yousra H. Abdel-Fattah, Hossam M. Khali, Tamer A. Gheita
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2019)
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Michelle A. Petri, Marwa Elkhalifa, Li Jessica
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2019)
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Michelle A. Petri, Jessica Li, Marwa Elkhalifa, Daniel Goldman, Laurence Magder
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2019)
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Marwa Elkhalifa, Manal Tayel, Magdy Zehairy, Ahmed Elkeriae, Dalal Mohamed Nasr Eldin Elkaffash, Nahed Baddour
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2019)
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Fatma Fayed, Mai Morsy, Marwa Elkhalifa
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2019)