4.5 Article

Selenophosphate synthetase 1 is an essential protein with roles in regulation of redox homoeostasis in mammals

Journal

BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
Volume 473, Issue -, Pages 2141-2154

Publisher

PORTLAND PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20160393

Keywords

cancer; reactive oxygen species (ROS); redox regulation; selenium; selenocysteine; selenophosphate synthetase 1

Funding

  1. Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2015R1D1A1A01059170]
  2. Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF)
  3. Ministry of Science [2012M3A9D1054622]
  4. Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health
  5. National Institutes of Health [CA080946, GM061603, GM065204]
  6. National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research
  7. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SCHW914/2-1]
  8. Towson University's Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and Mathematics Endowed Chair
  9. National Research Foundation of Korea [2015R1D1A1A01059170] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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Selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) was initially detected in bacteria and was shown to synthesize selenophosphate, the active selenium donor. However, mammals have two SPS paralogues, which are designated SPS1 and SPS2. Although it is known that SPS2 catalyses the synthesis of selenophosphate, the function of SPS1 remains largely unclear. To examine the role of SPS1 in mammals, we generated a Sps1-knockout mouse and found that systemic SPS1 deficiency led to embryos that were clearly underdeveloped by embryonic day (E)8.5 and virtually resorbed by E14.5. The knockout of Sps1 in the liver preserved viability, but significantly affected the expression of a large number of mRNAs involved in cancer, embryonic development and the glutathione system. Particularly notable was the extreme deficiency of glutaredoxin 1 (GLRX1) and glutathione transferase Omega 1 (GSTO1). To assess these phenotypes at the cellular level, we targeted the removal of SPS1 in F9 cells, a mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line, which affected the glutathione system proteins and accordingly led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the cell. Furthermore, we found that several malignant characteristics of SPS1-deficient F9 cells were reversed, suggesting that SPS1 played a role in supporting and/or sustaining cancer. In addition, the overexpression of mouse or human GLRX1 led to a reversal of observed increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the F9 SPS1/GLRX1-deficient cells and resulted in levels that were similar to those in F9 SPS1-sufficient cells. The results suggested that SPS1 is an essential mammalian enzyme with roles in regulating redox homoeostasis and controlling cell growth.

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