Journal
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Volume 30, Issue 5, Pages 621-628Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.07.003
Keywords
pancreatic islet; metabolic stress; diabetes; beta cell proliferation; insulin secretion; non-coding RNA
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Funding
- Helmholtz Gemeinschaft, ERC Starting Grant [IsletVasc 260744]
- Metabolic Dysfunction Program, ERC Starting Grant [IsletVasc 260744]
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD/Lilly European Diabetes Research Programme)
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Recent protocols have been developed to differentiate human stem cells and fibroblasts into insulin-producing cells capable of releasing the hormone in a glucose-stimulated manner. Limitations remain which prevent bringing these protocols to a clinical setting as these models must still undergo complete characterization. Advances in sequencing technologies have driven the identification of several non-coding RNA species including microRNAs (miRNAs). While their diversity and unique expression patterns across different tissues have made deciphering their precise functional role a significant challenge, studies using both cell lines and transgenic mouse models have made substantial progress in understanding their regulatory role on exocytosis and proliferation of the beta-cell. These results also indicate miRNAs play an integral role in the fundamental mechanics of how the cell manages the balance between these independent functions. Continued investigation into miRNA function may uncover mechanisms which can be exploited to improve differentiation protocols in producing fully mature beta-cells. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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