Journal
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
Volume 60, Issue -, Pages 202-213Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.028
Keywords
Breast cancer; Tumor microenvironment; Stromal cells; Metastatic cascade; Signal pathways; Cell communication
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Funding
- INCIPIT International PhD program - Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions
- MIUR Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) Bando 2017-grant [2017MHJJ55]
- Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (Project MOLIM ONCOBRAIN LAB)
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Currently, metastasis remains the primary cause of death of patients with breast cancer despite the important advances in the treatment of this disease. In the complex tumour microenvironment network, several malignant and non-malignant cell types as well as components of extracellular matrix cooperate in promoting the metastatic spread of breast carcinoma. Many components of the stromal compartment are recruited from distant sites to the tumour including mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and other immune cells whereas other cells such as fibroblasts are already present in both primary and secondary lesions. When these cells come into contact with cancer cells they are educated and acquire a pro-tumoural phenotype, which support all the steps of the metastatic cascade. In this Review, we highlight the role played by each stromal component in guiding cancer cells in their venture towards colonizing metastatic sites.
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