News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heidi Ledford
Summary: Researchers are concerned that decisions to release limited vaccine doses are motivated by desperation rather than data-driven analysis.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeff Tollefson
Summary: This statement expresses the hope of many for the new president to restore research funding and environmental protections.
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Aya Abdul Rahman Al-chikh Omar, Bassel Soudan, Ala ' Altaweel
Summary: The Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging technology that has made significant advancements and contributions in various applications. IoT refers to a system of wirelessly interconnected heterogeneous nodes or sensors over Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). The main routing protocol of the LLNs is the Routing Protocol over Low power and Lossy network (RPL). Due to the constraints of IoT systems, challenges such as reliable data transmission and network security arise. This work reviews various security mechanisms proposed in the literature to protect RPL-based IoT systems against sinkhole attacks, discussing, classifying, and analyzing their performance, datasets, implementation details, and limitations. It also presents research gap analysis and suggestions for future research topics in this field.
INTERNET OF THINGS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Saimah Bashir, Shohar Bano, Sheikh Shueb, Sumeer Gul, Aasif Ahmad Mir, Romisa Ashraf, Shakeela, Neelofar Noor
Summary: The study explores the role of Twitter in crises through sentiment analysis, revealing people's attitudes and perceptions towards events. Twitter is primarily used for informational sharing and emotional support, with most tweets expressing negative sentiments but also showing positive and neutral views.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yalin E. Sagduyu, Yi Shi, Tugba Erpek
Summary: An adversarial deep learning approach is used to launch over-the-air spectrum poisoning attacks, where an adversary learns the behavior of a transmitter and falsifies the spectrum sensing data. The attacks are energy efficient, hard to detect, and substantially reduce throughput. A dynamic defense is designed to manipulate the adversary's training data and sustain the transmitter's throughput.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gabriel Abend
Summary: The social science literature is filled with disputes over key terms, which can be divided into two activities: evaluating word usage and evaluating distinctions and classifications. It is important for social science communities to clarify what actions to take, what to avoid, and what is at stake in each activity. These activities should be driven by considerations of the common good, justice, and equality.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eileen Crist, William J. Ripple, Paul R. Ehrlich, William E. Rees, Christopher Wolf
Summary: In order to address the climate emergency and biodiversity collapse, humanity must commit to transformative change on all levels, particularly by stabilizing and ultimately reducing the human population size through population policies, promoting equity and human rights.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abdullah Tsanni, Yisalemush Asefa, Anastasia Koch, Judy Baariu, Kyerewaa A. Boateng, Stanley Anigbogu
Summary: Science-engagement initiatives in Africa aim to disseminate knowledge and bridge the gap between research and the people of the continent.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yang Li, Quan Pan, Erik Cambria
Summary: Recent developments in adversarial attacks have made reinforcement learning more vulnerable. The key challenge lies in choosing the right timing for the attack. Existing approaches struggle with designing evaluation functions and lack appropriate assessment indicators. To address these issues and make attacks more intelligent, a reinforcement learning-based attacking framework is proposed along with a novel evaluation metric. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the goodness of the evaluation metric. Furthermore, the model's transferability and robustness under adversarial training are validated.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huining Huang, Run Shi, Xuerui Zhang, Jiaqing Zhao, Chenliang Su, Tierui Zhang
Summary: Photocatalysis using a scalable bilayer paper for photothermal-assisted triphase photocatalysis has shown significantly improved reaction rates compared to traditional diphasic systems, achieving high mineralization of phenol through enhanced oxygen diffusion and interfacial photothermal effects. The system also demonstrated high stability and sunlight-driven feasibility, indicating its potential for large-scale photocatalytic applications integrated into a triphase flow reactor.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Renate B. Schnabel, Stephan Camen, Fabian Knebel, Andreas Hagendorff, Udo Bavendiek, Michael Boehm, Wolfram Doehner, Matthias Endres, Klaus Groeschel, Andreas Goette, Hagen B. Huttner, Christoph Jensen, Paulus Kirchhof, Grigorios Korosoglou, Ulrich Laufs, Jan Liman, Caroline Morbach, Darius Guenther Nabavi, Tobias Neumann-Haefelin, Waltraud Pfeilschifter, Sven Poli, Timolaos Rizos, Andreas Rolf, Joachim Roether, Wolf Rudiger Schaebitz, Thorsten Steiner, Goetz Thomalla, Rolf Wachter, Karl Georg Haeusler
Summary: This expert opinion paper highlights the importance of cardiac imaging in the etiological work-up after stroke, emphasizing the use of enhanced echocardiographic tools and advanced cardiac imaging techniques. While certain imaging findings may lead to changes in medical secondary stroke prevention or treatment, there is currently no evidence from randomized controlled trials to suggest that the choice of imaging method directly impacts stroke patient prognosis. The German Heart and Brain consortium offers an interdisciplinary, staged standard diagnostic scheme for detecting risk factors of cardio-embolic stroke.
CLINICAL RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Najmin Tohora, Manas Mahato, Tuhina Sultana, Sabbir Ahamed, Sudhir Kumar Das
Summary: A benzoxazole-based fluorosensor (IMP) was synthesized for the selective and sensitive detection of diethylchlorophosphate (DCP) in solution and gas phase. The fluorescence of IMP was significantly enhanced upon the addition of DCP due to inhibition of the intramolecular charge transfer process and disruption of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism. The IMP-based sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, and a wide linear range of 15-60 μM with a detection limit of 44 nM. It could also be visually detected by the naked eye under a portable UV lamp.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rami Elhaj, Joseph M. Reynolds
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a range of diseases specific to troops deployed during the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991). Factors contributing to GWI include chemical exposures, foreign environment, and combat stress. Studies suggest that neurotoxicant exposure may be an underlying factor for GWI development and persistence.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gengyou Lin, Zhisong Pan, Xingyu Zhou, Yexin Duan, Wei Bai, Dazhi Zhan, Leqian Zhu, Gaoqiang Zhao, Tao Li
Summary: The article proposes a black-box targeted attack method called Shallow-Feature Attack (SFA), which generates critical features by extracting gradients and feature maps at shallow layers of the model. The critical features are used to construct a feature-level loss function, which is combined with the end-to-end loss function to generate more powerful and transferable adversarial examples.
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Attique Ur Rehman, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood, Muhammad Ahsan Raza, Fahad Qaswar, Sumayh S. Aljameel, Irfan Ullah Khan, Nida Aslam
Summary: Physical layer security for wireless sensor networks is a critical issue. Challenges include data security in wireless transmission and threats to the physical security of networks. The paper surveys parameters of a security design model and discusses attacks and mitigation techniques at different layers. Additionally, it introduces applications of WSNs in various fields and proposes a solution to enhance WSN security.