Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sampada P. Mutalik, Stephanie L. Gupton
Summary: Research reveals that axonal pathfinding involves multiple guidance molecules and signaling mechanisms, with dynamic transitions between attractive and repulsive cues. The differential expression of receptors and spatial distribution of guidance cues are key mechanisms diversifying axonal guidance responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuma Sakamoto, Tomoya Ozaki, Yuji Suzuki, Kenji Kadomatsu
Summary: This article discusses the important roles of type IIa receptor tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) in neuronal network formation, emphasizing their interactions with glycans such as CS and HS in axon regeneration and synaptogenesis. It was found that CS inhibits axon regeneration while HS promotes it. Additionally, PTP sigma plays a crucial role in excitatory synapse organization and interacts with neurexin and LRRTM4 in a heparan sulfate-dependent manner.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Ying Li, Haixia Duan, Jing Yi, Gang Wang, Wanwen Cheng, Li Feng, Jie Liu
Summary: The Kv4.2 transient outward potassium current (Ito) is regulated by KChIP2 and its association with lipid rafts, which plays a critical role in the acute electrical and contractile response of the myocardium.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renfang Zhu, Wenyue Chen, Donghao Gu, Tianyi Wang, Jiayang Li, Hao Pan
Summary: A novel nano-lipid ocular delivery system (Dex-CS-Cys-cNLC) was prepared by synthesizing a conjugate of chondroitin sulfate and L-cysteine (CS-Cys) on the surface of cationic nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with dexamethasone. The permeation and retention studies of isolated cornea demonstrated that Dex-CS-Cys-cNLC had better corneal permeation and retention ability, overcoming the barrier effect of the ocular surface. The formulation showed stronger retention ability on the ocular surface and effectively prolonged drug action, as confirmed by fluorescence imaging.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Bor Luen Tang
Summary: Cholesterol plays important structural and regulatory roles in animal cells, and is crucial for post-injury axon regrowth. Depletion and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis can enhance axon regeneration, possibly by interfering with axon growth inhibitory signals and enhancing neuronal survival signaling processes.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Arindam Ghosh, Alexey Chizhik, Narain Karedla, Joerg Enderlein
Summary: Super-resolution fluorescence imaging is commonly used to study the spatial organization of biological structures at molecular scales, achieving resolutions beyond the classical optical limit. Various methods have been developed for super-resolution imaging along the optical axis, with some reaching nanometer accuracy in 3D localization. However, these approaches can be technically complex and have limited applicability. Metal-induced energy transfer imaging offers a simpler alternative for nanometer-scale axial localization of fluorophores.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Douglas Sammon, Anja Krueger, Marta Busse-Wicher, Rhodri Marc Morgan, Stuart M. Haslam, Benjamin Schumann, David C. Briggs, Erhard Hohenester
Summary: Heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) control development and physiology in a specific manner. The modification of core proteins with HS or CS is carried out selectively by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase EXTL3 and equally by N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase CSGALNACT2, respectively. Phosphorylation accelerates linker synthesis and the initiation of HS and CS.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Dhirendra Pratap Singh, Rizwana Begum, Gagandeep Kaur, Prathyusha Bagam, Devaiah Kambiranda, Rakesh Singh, Sanjay Batra
Summary: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are popular battery-operated heating devices that are marketed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. However, recent reports of lung injuries associated with e-cig use have sparked a debate on the potential harms of vaping. Researchers are increasing their efforts to understand the effects of vaping on human health, including the inflammatory response and pulmonary health issues caused by e-cigs.
CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Hee Hwan Park, Young-Min Kim, Le Thi Anh Hong, Hyung Soon Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Xuelian Jin, Dong Hoon Hwang, Min Jung Kwon, Soo-Chang Song, Byung Gon Kim
Summary: Traumatic damage to the spinal cord often leads to permanent tissue defects. We have discovered that injecting imidazole-poly(organophosphazene) hydrogel (I-5) can bridge cystic cavities and promote the formation of newly assembled extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the ECM created by the hydrogel contains components that can hinder axonal growth. To address this issue, we have developed a dual-functional system by equipping the hydrogel with an additional enzyme, ARSB, which can degrade the hindering components. This complex has shown promising results in promoting axonal growth and improving locomotor recovery in spinal cord regeneration.
Article
Virology
Naoyuki Iida, Madoka Kawahara, Riku Hirota, Yoshio Shibagaki, Seisuke Hattori, Yuko Morikawa
Summary: The cell-cell contact between HIV-1-infected and uninfected cells forms a virological synapse (VS) to allow for efficient HIV-1 transmission. Mass spectrometry revealed the recruitment of various molecules, including ATP-related enzymes, protein translation factors, and charged multivesicular body protein 4B, to the VS. Further exploration showed that vimentin plays a role in HIV-1 transmission through the recruitment of CD4 to the cell-cell interface.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tianshu Liu, Hai Yu, Shuai Wang, Huimin Li, Xinyiran Du, Xiaodong He
Summary: The use of non-drug intervention for calcium deficiency is being explored. However, there is limited understanding about the combined mechanism of chondroitin sulfate and calcium in alleviating osteoporosis from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolomics. This study established an osteoporosis rat model and compared the intestinal microbiota and metabolite expression levels in rats fed different diets. The results showed that chondroitin sulfate intervention reduced short-chain fatty acid synthesis, slowed down inflammatory response, inhibited osteoclast differentiation, promoted calcium absorption, and alleviated osteoporosis in low-calcium feeding rats.
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bin Du, Mei Zheng, Huizhen Ma, Jingshu Huang, Qingqing Jiao, Yimeng Bai, Mengmeng Zhao, Jie Zhou
Summary: This study established a new nanosystem to reverse multidrug resistance by using cascade catalytic consumption of cholesterol. By encapsulating CD44 targeting chondroitin sulfate gel shell, drugs can be accurately and efficiently delivered to the tumor site, improving the effect of reversing drug resistance.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ze Yan, Xiaojuan Cao, Shouxiang Sun, Bing Sun, Jian Gao
Summary: Hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder is a key pathogenic factor for many chronic diseases. This study reveals that GAPDH and GSK3B are involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and inhibition of GSK3B phosphorylation improves glucose tolerance impairment and insulin sensitivity reduction.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lingchong Feng, Dongwei Jia, Zhenyi Wang, Jiansheng Guo, Xiangbo Zou, Mumin Rao, Cao Kuang, Ji Ye, Chuangting Chen, Jun Cheng
Summary: The combination of focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), proteomics, and phosphorylation modification mics revealed the mechanisms of lipids synthesis in Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells cultivated with high CO2 concentration. The increase in chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum volumes led to improved conversion efficiency of starch grains to lipids and increased lipid content. Phosphorylation modification significantly regulated protein translation, ribosome structure, and biogenesis-related enzymes, promoting the expression of lipid synthase and enhancing carbon fixation and lipids synthesis.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Yuhong Hu, Minjing Wang, Shuguang Ren, Abolfazl Masoudi, Xiaomin Xue, Xiaoshuang Wang, Xiaohong Yang, Yanan Han, Mengxue Li, Hui Wang, Jingze Liu
Summary: Babesia microti infection affects the fatty acid transport and oxidation processes in the liver of mice, activates the immune regulation mechanism, and inhibits growth and development-related proteins. These changes indicate a significant impact of Babesia microti infection on the physiological functions of mice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
(2021)
