Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xuemei Sun, Wenqi Liu, Yinyan Gao, Lang Qin, Hui Feng, Hongzhuan Tan, Qiong Chen, Linlin Peng, Irene X. Y. Wu
Summary: Frailty poses a threat to the health of older adults, and its prevalence continues to rise with global population aging. This study conducted a network meta-analysis to update the evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for frailty. The results showed that physical activity, multicomponent intervention, and nutrition intervention were associated with reducing frailty, with physical activity being the most effective. Among different types of physical activity, resistance training was found to be the most effective intervention.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sylvia Agyekum, Poemen P. Chan, Prince E. Adjei, Yuzhou Zhang, Zhaohua Huo, Benjamin H. K. Yip, Patrick Ip, Ian C. K. Wong, Wei Zhang, Clement C. Tham, Li Jia Chen, Xiu Juan Zhang, Chi Pui Pang, Jason C. Yam
Summary: This study compared the cost-effectiveness of various interventions for controlling myopia progression in children. The findings suggest that atropine eye drops and outdoor activity are cost-effective options. Red light therapy, HALs, and orthokeratology may also be cost-effective, despite being more expensive. These interventions can help control myopia in a cost-effective way.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John T. Schousboe, Brian L. Sprague, Linn Abraham, Ellen S. O'Meara, Tracy Onega, Shailesh Advani, Louise M. Henderson, Karen J. Wernli, Dongyu Zhang, Diana L. Miglioretti, Dejana Braithwaite, Karla Kerlikowske
Summary: The study found that extending screening mammography to age 80 may have benefits for some women, but the absolute reduction in death rates is small for women with comorbidities. Therefore, women over 75 should weigh the risks and benefits when considering screening mammography.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John T. Schousboe, Brian L. Sprague, Linn Abraham, Ellen S. O'Meara, Tracy Onega, Shailesh Advani, Louise M. Henderson, Karen J. Wernli, Dongyu Zhang, Diana L. Miglioretti, Dejana Braithwaite, Karla Kerlikowske
Summary: Extending mammography screening to age 80 appears to be cost-effective in certain scenarios, but the absolute number of deaths averted is small, especially for women with comorbidities. Women considering screening beyond age 75 should carefully weigh the potential harms of overdiagnosis against the potential benefits of averting breast cancer death.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chen Liu, Jae Hyoung Lee, Amanda J. Gupta, Austin Tucker, Chris Larkin, Patricia Turimumahoro, Achilles Katamba, J. Lucian Davis, David Dowdy
Summary: Human-centred design (HCD) is a problem-solving approach used to develop global health interventions. The cost-effectiveness of HCD depends on the number of clients reached and the trade-off between HCD costs and intervention delivery costs.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lufang Zheng, Cong Wang, Yiming Qiu, Xin Li, Xueyan Zhang, Meishuang Zhang, Tianjiao Ma, Guichen Li, Li Chen
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of interventions targeting older adults with cognitive frailty. The results showed that these interventions can significantly improve frailty score, global cognitive function, mobility, muscle strength, and nutritional status in older adults. However, the certainty of evidence was low to moderate.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zonglin Dai, Xi Zhang, Irene Ol Wong, Eric H. Y. Lau, Zhiming Lin
Summary: The study assessed the clinical prognosis and cost-effectiveness of treatments for lupus nephritis (LN) in China. The strategy of CYC induction followed by AZA maintenance was found to be the most cost-effective for short-term treatment, while the strategy of MMF in both induction and maintenance became cost-effective and yielded better clinical outcomes for lifetime treatment. Uncertainty analysis supported the need for monitoring the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Fumin Zhang, Zhipeng Qiu, Aijun Huang, Xin Zhao
Summary: The study investigates the transmission dynamics of HLB disease using a compartmental model, global sensitivity analysis, and optimal control theory. It identifies the most effective control strategy and recommends long-term intervention measures to control the disease.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Economics
Edna Keeney, Nicky J. Welton, Matt Stevenson, Michael N. Dalili, Jose A. Lopez-Lopez, Deborah M. Caldwell, David M. Phillippo, Marcus R. Munafo, Kyla H. Thomas
Summary: The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation aids in the UK, with varenicline standard-dose and NRT standard-dose being the most cost-effective. Although e-cigarette low-dose appeared most cost-effective when unlicensed interventions were included, the safety of combined therapy remains uncertain. Researchers were advised to continue investigating the long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes of e-cigarettes with active comparators.
Article
Surgery
Amelia J. Hessheimer, Ana Magdalena Vargas-Martinez, Marta Trapero-Bertran, Miquel Navasa, Constantino Fondevila
Summary: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness and utility of posttransplant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance compared to standard follow-up. Although surveillance slightly improves survival and quality of life, it also increases costs and does not appear to be cost-effective in this setting.
Article
Economics
Cate Bailey, Helen Skouteris, Cheryce L. Harrison, Briony Hill, Shakila Thangaratinam, Helena Teede, Zanfina Ademi
Summary: This study compared the cost-effectiveness of four types of antenatal lifestyle interventions with standard care. The findings suggest that physical activity interventions may be cost-saving, while diet and diet with physical activity interventions can reduce adverse events. Mixed interventions were not effective and were dominated by standard care.
Article
Oncology
Hossein Safari, Thomas G. Poder, Somayeh Afshari, Azin Nahvijou, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Nasrin Moradi, Hosein Ameri
Summary: This study empirically determined the cost-effectiveness threshold for cancer interventions from the perspective of cancer patients in Iran. The estimated threshold using nonparametric and parametric models was IRR 440,410,000 and IRR 595,280,000 per QALY, respectively. Gender, age, education, income, type of cancer, and treatment status were significantly associated with the threshold.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert Hodgson, Mousumi Biswas, Stephen Palmer, David Marshall, Mark Rodgers, Lesley Stewart, Mark Simmonds, Dheeraj Rai, Ann Le Couteur
Summary: The results of this economic analysis indicate that early intensive ABA-based interventions are unlikely to be cost-effective for autistic pre-school children in the UK, based on the threshold typically adopted for healthcare funding decisions. However, there are important gaps in the available evidence, limiting the strength of the conclusions that can be drawn.
Article
Oncology
Jhalak Dholakia, David E. Cohn, J. Michael Straughn, Sarah E. Dilley
Summary: The study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of prehabilitation in medically frail patients undergoing surgery for EOC, finding that prehabilitation was not only more effective but also cost-saving, by reducing complication rates and decreasing care facility requirements to save healthcare costs.
JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Economics
Anton L. Avancena, Lisa A. Prosser
Summary: The study found that the number of applications of equity-informative cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is increasing, primarily evaluating disease prevention interventions, with equity impact analysis being the most common, and socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity being the most frequently used equity criteria. The majority of studies reported greater value in interventions after considering their distributional effects.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Aubyn Pincombe, Timothy J. Schultz, Dirk Hofmann, Jonathan Karnon
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of the medical ambulatory care service (MACS) program on emergency department presentations, hospital admissions, length-of-stay, and health service costs. The results show that MACS is cost-effective for general practitioners and ward-referred patients, but its expected impact on emergency department-referred patients is sensitive to assumptions. Expanding the service for general practitioner-referred patients is expected to reduce hospitalizations the most and generate the largest net cost savings.
JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Subbuh Luker, Kate Laver, Rachel Lane, Elizabeth Potter, AnnMarie Harrod, Petra Bierer, Zoe Adey-Wakeling, Jonathan Karnon, Ian D. Cameron, Maria Crotty
Summary: Telephone interviews were conducted to investigate the experience of isolation and quarantine among rehabilitation inpatients and their family members during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study revealed that isolation and quarantine had negative impacts on patients' social and physical well-being. Key recommendations were made for rehabilitation units to address these issues, such as increasing staff social engagement and providing technology training.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Sander J. J. Leemans, Andrew Partington, Jonathan Karnon, Moe T. Wynn
Summary: Managing constrained healthcare resources is important for healthcare decision makers. Process mining techniques can inform decisions by quantitatively discovering, comparing, and detailing care processes. However, the scope of these techniques often neglects the accumulated costs and consequences. This paper introduces a new process model that incorporates trace data and enhances it with process-based micro-costing estimations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
J. Gray, A. Rachakonda, J. Karnon
Summary: This study aimed to map and summarize the peer-reviewed literature on model-of-care interventions for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in adult inpatients. The review included 70 articles, and found that daily catheter reviews and protocol and procedure changes demonstrated the most consistent effects on catheter and CAUTI outcomes. A range of potential intervention options with evidence of a positive effect on catheter and CAUTI outcomes was identified.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Joanne Dollard, Jane Edwards, Lalit Yadav, Virginie Gaget, David Tivey, Maria C. C. Inacio, Guy J. J. Maddern, Renuka Visvanathan
Summary: This study investigates the economic and cost considerations of mobile X-ray services (MXS) in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) according to stakeholders, residents, and informal carers (ICs). It was found that private providers charge residents an additional fee for business viability, which may serve as a barrier for some residents to access MXS.
AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
R. Visvanathan, K. Lange, J. Selvam, J. Dollard, E. Boyle, K. Jones, K. Ingram, P. Shibu, A. Wilson, D. C. Ranasinghe, J. Karnon, K. D. Hill
Summary: This study compares characteristics of patients who fall with those who did not fall and characterizes falls through three reporting methods. The results show that patients who fall are more likely to have cognitive impairment, be admitted with falls, and have poor health outcomes. The majority of falls are captured from medical records, while clinician and incident reports have some omissions. The study emphasizes the need to improve fall reporting methods and use multiple approaches to identify falls.
AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Laura C. Edney, Hossein Haji Ali Afzali, Renuka Visvanathan, Barbara Toson, Jonathan Karnon
Summary: This study examines the impact of delayed home care package access on healthcare costs for older adults. The results suggest that healthcare costs increase after receiving a home care package, particularly in terms of inpatient care.
GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Qun Catherine Li, Jonathan Karnon, Jim Codde
Summary: Quality activities are important for safety and quality governance in hospitals. This study assessed adherence to the quality cycle and reported outcomes of quality activities in a large Australian hospital. The findings showed no clear association between the number of activities completed and improvement in patient-related outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Benjamin T. Schumacher, Dustin S. Kehler, Alexander M. Kulminski, Yujia (Susanna) Qiao, Stacy L. Andersen, Theresa Gmelin, Kaare Christensen, Mary K. Wojczynski, Olga Theou, Kenneth Rockwood, Anne B. Newman, Nancy W. Glynn
Summary: The study examines the association between frailty and perceived physical and mental fatigability. The findings suggest that higher levels of frailty are associated with greater severity of physical and mental fatigue.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Erwin Stolz, Hannes Mayerl, Judith Godin, Emiel O. Hoogendijk, Olga Theou, Wolfgang Freidl, Kenneth Rockwood
Summary: This study examined the reliability of the Frailty Index (FI) and found that it demonstrated good internal consistency and reliability in differentiating frailty levels among community-dwelling older adults. However, measurement error was large, suggesting that small changes in FI may not reliably detect individual health deteriorations or improvements.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Shin J. Liau, Shota Hamada, Agathe D. Jadczak, Nobuo Sakata, Samanta Lalic, Rumiko Tsuchiya-Ito, Reina Taguchi, Renuka Visvanathan, J. Simon Bell
Summary: This study investigated the use of symptomatic and preventive medications according to age and frailty in Australian and Japanese nursing homes. The results showed that in Australia, the ratio of symptomatic to preventive medications was higher with increasing frailty but lower with age. In Japan, there was no significant difference in the mean number of symptomatic and preventive medications irrespective of age and frailty.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Sally S. Ahip, Sazlina S. Ghazali, Olga Theou, Azah A. Samad, Sabrina Lukas, Ummu K. Mustapha, Mark Q. Thompson, Renuka Visvanathan
Summary: This study confirms the reliability and convergent validity of the PFFS-M among patients, caregivers, and health care professionals of different educational levels. Additionally, cutoffs for frailty severity were developed for the use of this tool in primary care clinics.