Review
Optics
Yuxi Fang, Changjing Bao, Si-Ao Li, Zhi Wang, Wenpu Geng, Yingning Wang, Xu Han, Jicong Jiang, Weigang Zhang, Zhongqi Pan, Zhaohui Li, Yang Yue
Summary: Supercontinuum (SC) has wide applications in optical communications, signal processing, metrology, and spectroscopy. This paper reviews the latest progress on various nanophotonic waveguides for Supercontinuum generation (SCG), including the discussion of different materials and their properties, the consideration of waveguide properties, and the analysis of different broadening mechanisms. It also provides perspectives on the spectral coverage, dispersion curves, and novel materials for SCG in nanophotonic waveguides.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Mulong Liu, Chengwei Gu, Xuening Fan, Zhiheng Li, Huimin Huang, Zhizhou Lu, Wei Zhao
Summary: The study introduces a dispersion-flattened technology for producing broadband and low anomalous dispersion while minimizing zero-dispersion wavelengths. This structure can be formed by nanophotonic waveguides using different material combinations, achieving flat dispersion ranging from 0 to 27 ps/nm/km across a wide range of wavelengths.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Rezki Becheker, Myriam Bailly, Sai Idlahcen, Thomas Godin, Bruno Gerard, Hugo Delahaye, Geoffroy Granger, Sebastien Fevrier, Arnaud Grisard, Eric Lallier, Ammar Hideur
Summary: We report on the mid-infrared optical parametric generation experiment in the 4-5 μm and 9-12 μm bands using custom-designed orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs) rib waveguides. The pump source is driven by an ultrafast femtosecond fiber laser system seeded by a mode-locked fluoride fiber laser, and it can be tuned between 2.8 and 3.2 μm using a soliton self-frequency shifting stage. The OP-GaAs crystals with single TE and TM modes feature quasi-phase-matched grating periods of 85 and 90 μm and different transverse sizes, allowing for wide spectral tunability.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuning Zhang, Jiayang Wu, Yunyi Yang, Yang Qu, Linnan Jia, Houssein El Dirani, Sebastien Kerdiles, Corrado Sciancalepore, Pierre Demongodin, Christian Grillet, Christelle Monat, Baohua Jia, David J. J. Moss
Summary: Enhanced supercontinuum generation is achieved in silicon nitride waveguides by incorporating highly nonlinear graphene oxide films. The films are integrated on-chip using a transfer-free and layer-by-layer coating method. Detailed measurements demonstrate significantly improved spectral broadening, reaching up to 2.4 times improvement in bandwidth compared to devices without graphene oxide.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yue Li, Jie Wu, Hao Zhou, Guoliang Deng, Shouhuan Zhou
Summary: We successfully fabricated depressed cladding waveguides in sapphire crystal using a femtosecond laser. Experimental studies and comparisons of supercontinuum generation (SCG) were conducted in waveguides and bulk sapphire. The results show that the SCG efficiency improves and the threshold decreases in the waveguide compared to bulk sapphire, indicating the great potential of femtosecond laser fabricated waveguides for SCG.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Vasilii Voropaev, Shangran Xie, Aleksandr Donodin, Daniil Batov, Mikhail Tarabrin, Johann Troles, Vladimir Lazarev
Summary: Researchers have successfully generated octave-spanning supercontinuum in As2S3-silica hybrid nanospike waveguides using a thulium-doped all-fiber femtosecond laser and amplifier system at a wavelength of 1.9 μm. The widest supercontinuum was obtained in the wavelength range of 1.1-2.5 μm, and it exhibited coherent characteristics throughout the entire spectral range, making it suitable for creating a self-referenced laser comb.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Pan Wang, Jiapeng Huang, Shangran Xie, Johann Troles, Philip St J. Russell
Summary: This paper reports the generation of broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum lasers using As2S3-silica nanospike hybrid waveguides, as well as the fabrication and investigation of linearly tapered millimeter-scale waveguides for the first time. These waveguides exhibit broader spectra, improved spectral coherence, long-term stability, and water resistance, offering an alternative route for generating broadband mid-IR supercontinua with applications in frequency metrology and molecular spectroscopy, especially in humid and aqueous environments.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Optics
Yohann Franz, Jack Haines, Cosimo Lacava, Massimiliano Guasoni
Summary: In this paper, two strategies for achieving wideband light generation through intermodal nonlinear parametric processes in multimode integrated waveguides are discussed. It is outlined how the interplay among intermodal interactions and high dispersion may lead to the generation of light with substantial power spectral density, with a long-term vision of generating widely tunable radiation with high-power spectral density in a broad portion of the transparency window of silicon.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ma Ziyang, Li Li, Ni Xiaowu
Summary: This paper theoretically investigates the supercontinuum generation using a novel photonic-crystal pillar waveguide (PCPW) spanning from near-infrared (NIR) to mid-infrared. By optimizing the PCPW design and dispersion properties, the study achieves ultra-broadband spectral broadening from 1 to 10 micrometers under relatively lower peak power pump pulses. The proposed PCPW offers an efficient waveguide structure for generating ultra-broadband supercontinuum with shorter wavelength laser sources.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Feng Ye, Jiayao Huang, Qian Li
Summary: We propose an effective scheme to enhance mid-infrared dispersive wave (DW) emission by utilizing dispersion engineering of the waveguide and a weak continuous wave (CW) trigger. The scheme enables better coherence and higher signal-to-noise ratio in dispersion-engineered lithium niobate (LiNbO3) waveguides, allowing for mid-infrared emission at around 3 μm with sufficient power level. This emission is feasible for multi-species greenhouse gas detection through gas absorption spectroscopy.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jialang Zhang, Siyuan Zhang, Xinhua Jiang, Junna Yao, Anting Wang, Qiwen Zhan
Summary: A flat broadband dispersion profile is achieved in a dual-core silicon nitride waveguide by utilizing mode coupling between the TE00 and TE10 modes. The dispersion profile creates four zero dispersion wavelengths and varies between -10 and 13 ps/(nm·km) over an octave bandwidth. By pumping in the anomalous dispersion region, a two-octave supercontinuum spectrum can be generated in the Si3N4 waveguide. The proposed waveguide has a single-layer core structure and is compatible with the photonic Damascus process.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Genglin Li, Hui Xu, Yicun Yao, Yuechen Jia, Feng Chen
Summary: In this study, KTA ridge optical waveguides were fabricated by precise diamond blade dicing of ion-irradiated planar waveguides, preserving the original properties of the crystal. Second harmonic generation of green laser was achieved with a maximum output power of 1.71 mW and a conversion efficiency of 4.28%, suggesting potential applications in integrated photonics and nonlinear optics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Di Xia, Yufei Huang, Bin Zhang, Zelin Yang, Pingyang Zeng, Haiyan Shang, Huanjie Cheng, Linghao Liu, Mingjie Zhang, Ying Zhu, Zhaohui Li
Summary: This study numerically investigates on-chip ultrabroadband MIR SCG in a high numerical aperture chalcogenide waveguide. By optimizing the nonlinear coefficients and dispersion profile of the ChG waveguide with a Ge-As-Se-Te core and Ge-Se upper and lower cladding, broadband SCG ranging from 2 to 13 μm is achieved. A fabrication scheme is proposed for precise manipulation of dispersion design in such sources suitable for compact, chip-integrated molecular spectroscopy applications.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Simone Lauria, Mohammed F. Saleh
Summary: This paper investigates the relationship between second- and third-order nonlinearities in lithium-niobate waveguides, using uniform and linearly chirped poling patterns. The results show that the poling period can be used to transform the output spectra in a unique way.
Article
Optics
Guan-Hong Li, Chieh Huang, Feng-Jung Kao, Min-Hsiung Shih, Hao-Chung Kuo, Yi-Jen Chiu, Chao-Kuei Lee
Summary: In this study, supercontinuum generation from 645.3 nm to 851 nm was demonstrated by using a high-order mode and engineering the dispersion within the high nonlinear refractive index material Ta2O5 waveguide. The results show clear potential for applications.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Marco Piccardo, Vincent Ginis, Andrew Forbes, Simon Mahler, Asher A. Friesem, Nir Davidson, Haoran Ren, Ahmed H. Dorrah, Federico Capasso, Firehun T. Dullo, Balpreet S. Ahluwalia, Antonio Ambrosio, Sylvain Gigan, Nicolas Treps, Markus Hiekkamaki, Robert Fickler, Michael Kues, David Moss, Roberto Morandotti, Johann Riemensberger, Tobias J. Kippenberg, Jerome Faist, Giacomo Scalari, Nathalie Picque, Theodor W. Haensch, Giulio Cerullo, Cristian Manzoni, Luigi A. Lugiato, Massimo Brambilla, Lorenzo Columbo, Alessandra Gatti, Franco Prati, Abbas Shiri, Ayman F. Abouraddy, Andrea Alu, Emanuele Galiffi, J. B. Pendry, Paloma A. Huidobro
Summary: Our ability to manipulate light patterns by combining different electromagnetic modes has significantly improved in recent years. This concept of structured light is being applied across various fields of optics, enabling the generation of classical and quantum states of light, utilization of linear and nonlinear light-matter interactions, and advancements in microscopy, spectroscopy, holography, communication, and synchronization. This Roadmap provides an overview of these areas, their current research, and future developments, emphasizing the power of multimodal light manipulation to inspire new approaches in this vibrant research community.
Article
Optics
Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Dylan Renaud, Rebecca Cheng, Linbo Shao, Lingyan He, Di Zhu, Mengjie Yu, Hannah R. Grant, Leif Johansson, Mian Zhang, Marko Loncar
Summary: Integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonics is a promising platform for high-performance chip-scale optical systems. By integrating high-power lasers and modulators, we have achieved a high-power transmitter on the TFLN chip.
Article
Optics
Cleaven Chia, Bartholomeus Machielse, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Marko Loncar
Summary: Diamond has good optical properties and has been successfully used for quantum photonic devices operating at visible wavelengths. However, fabricating larger devices for telecommunication wavelengths has been challenging. This study evaluated different mask materials and found that a thick hydrogen silesquioxane layer on a thin alumina adhesion layer produced the best etch profile and optical performance.
Article
Optics
C. J. Xin, Jatadhari Mishra, Changchen Chen, Di Zhu, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Carsten Langrock, Neil Sinclair, Franco N. C. Wong, M. M. Fejer, Marko Loncar
Summary: Researchers have engineered a waveguide on the thin-film lithium niobate platform to generate spectrally separable photon pairs for use as pure single-photon sources. Based on experimental results, the estimated spectral purity of these pure single photons is over 94%.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kilian Fritsch, Tobias Hofer, Jonathan Brons, Maksim Iandulskii, Ka Fai Mak, Zaijun Chen, Nathalie Picque, Oleg Pronin
Summary: The authors demonstrate a fully passive scheme of generating high-power dual-combs from a thin-disc gain medium. Compared to traditional dual-comb sources, this system achieves higher peak power and average power, addressing practical applications and frequency conversion challenges.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Mengjie Yu, Zaijun Chen, Christian Reimer, Mian Zhang, Nathalie Picque, Marko Loncar
Summary: Laser frequency comb generators on photonic chips show the potential for integrated dual-comb microspectrometers. Among nanophotonic platforms, the low-loss thin-film lithium-niobate-on-insulator technology stands out with its ability to combine various optoelectronic and nonlinear optical functionalities. In this study, a critical step towards on-chip fabrication of a fully functional instrument is demonstrated with an electro-optic microring-based dual-comb interferometer. The system achieves spectra with a range of 1.6 THz and a resolution of 10 GHz in a single measurement without the need for frequency scanning or moving parts. The frequency agility of the system enables multiplexed sensing of non-adjacent spectral regions without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio. These findings highlight the promising potential of electro-optic-based nanophotonic technology for broad-spectral-bandwidth molecular sensing.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Yaowen Hu, Mengjie Yu, Brandon Buscaino, Neil Sinclair, Di Zhu, Rebecca Cheng, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Linbo Shao, Mian Zhang, Joseph M. Kahn, Marko Loncar
Summary: Developments in integrated photonics have led to the emergence of stable, compact and broadband comb generators. The integrated electro-optic frequency comb presented in this research demonstrates a high conversion efficiency and a wide optical span, and can serve as an on-chip femtosecond pulse source. It also enables the simultaneous effects of electro-optic and third-order nonlinearity, paving the way for practical optical frequency comb generators and exploring new regimes of optical physics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaowen Hu, Mengjie Yu, Neil Sinclair, Di Zhu, Rebecca Cheng, Cheng Wang, Marko Loncar
Summary: This article introduces the concept of frequency domain mirrors and explores their properties both theoretically and experimentally. The researchers demonstrate how the reflection of optical energy can be achieved in the frequency domain using electro-optic modulation, specifically through polarization and coupled-resonator-based coupling. This technique has potential applications in controlling light signals and various optical devices.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Xingchen Ji, Yoshitomo Okawachi, Andres Gil-Molina, Mateus Corato-Zanarella, Samantha Roberts, Alexander L. Gaeta, Michal Lipson
Summary: The fabrication processes of silicon nitride (Si3N4) photonic devices used in foundries require low temperature deposition, which leads to high propagation losses. However, by reducing waveguide surface roughness, propagation loss as low as 0.42 dB cm(-1) can be achieved using foundry compatible processes. Postprocessing the devices using rapid thermal anneal (RTA) and furnace anneal further reduces the losses to 0.28 dB cm(-1) and 0.06 dB cm(-1), respectively. These low losses are comparable to conventional devices using high temperature LPCVD films and demonstrate the feasibility of scalable photonic systems based on foundries.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yun Zhao, Jae K. Jang, Xingchen Ji, Yoshitomo Okawachi, Michal Lipson, Alexander L. Gaeta
Summary: Chip-based optical amplifiers, specifically microresonator-assisted regenerative optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs), offer engineerable gain spectra and compact footprint. This study demonstrates a high-gain microresonator-assisted regenerative OPA, achieving 30-dB parametric gain with only 9 mW of continuous-wave (cw) pump power. The gain spectrum can be engineered to cover telecom channels inaccessible with traditional amplifiers. The flexible gain-spectrum engineering and low power requirements of this OPA make it well-suited for on-chip optical and microwave frequency synthesis applications.
Article
Optics
Anthony Rizzo, Asher Novick, Vignesh Gopal, Bok Young Kim, Xingchen Ji, Stuart Daudlin, Yoshitomo Okawachi, Qixiang Cheng, Michal Lipson, Alexander L. Gaeta, Keren Bergman
Summary: Researchers have designed and demonstrated a scalable and compact chip-based link architecture that could enable terabit-scale optical interconnects for hyperscale data centres. By using light and wavelength-division multiplexing with chip-based microresonator Kerr frequency combs, independent information channels can be encoded onto multiple colors of light for parallel data transmission with low energy consumption. They have developed a chip-based silicon photonic data link that can transmit data at 512 Gb/s across 32 independent wavelength channels, with the potential for scaling to hundreds of wavelength channels.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Dylan Renaud, Rebecca Cheng, Linbo Shao, Lingyan He, Di Zhu, Mengjie Yu, Hannah R. Grant, Leif Johansson, Mian Zhang, Marko Loncar
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate an integrated high-power laser on thin-film lithium niobate with 60-mW optical power in the waveguides. Using this platform, we successfully realize a high-power transmitter consisting of an electrically-pumped laser integrated with a 50-GHz modulator.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)
