Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Masaru Tanaka, Ryoichi Nakashima, Kentaro Hiromitsu, Hiroshi Imamizu
Summary: Mindfulness meditation is increasingly used for clinical treatment and well-being, with its fundamental benefit being enhanced attention control. The effects of meditation methods on attention functions depend on the individual's traits related to mindfulness and sometimes may not have an impact on attention functions.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Brent Pitchford, Karen M. Arnell
Summary: The study found that while interindividual differences in ERPs at Time 1 did not predict attentional breadth differences across individuals at Time 1, individual differences in changes to P1, N1, and P3 ERPs to hierarchical stimuli from Time 1 to Time 2 were associated with individual differences in changes in attentional breadth from Time 1 to Time 2.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nina Maria Hanning, Luca Wollenberg, Donatas Jonikaitis, Heiner Deubel
Summary: Voluntary attentional control allows us to selectively focus on certain visual information, enabling flexible and goal-driven behavior. However, it is not as robust as attention shifts prior to goal-directed eye and hand movements, which do not interfere with each other and can occur simultaneously.
Review
Psychology, Mathematical
Alon Zivony, Martin Eimer
Summary: The study proposes a new 'diachronic' framework that describes attentional selectivity as a process unfolding over time. It focuses on attentional episodes, brief periods of intense attentional amplification that regulate access to working memory and response-related processes. This alternative framework offers new solutions to old problems in attention research and provides a unified account of goal-directed selectivity in perceptual processing.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Brian A. Anderson
Summary: This article discusses how the unconscious mechanisms of attention control provide unique advantages and proposes principles for managing specific costs and benefits.
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xiaoxu Fan, Tamar Kolodny, Kristin M. Woodard, Aydin Tasevac, Wesley R. Ganz, Hannah M. Rea, Evangeline C. Kurtz-Nelson, Sara Jane Webb, Scott O. Murray
Summary: Individuals diagnosed with autism show alterations in visual spatial attention, which may be due to changes in the rhythmic sampling of attention. The study found that attention enhances behavioral performance rhythmically at the same frequency in both autistic individuals and the control group, suggesting that intrinsic brain rhythms are functional in autism. However, these rhythmic temporal patterns may be altered in autistic individuals with co-occurring ADHD.
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Ye Hong, Yatao Zhang, Konrad Schindler, Martin Raubal
Summary: This study utilizes a multi-head self-attentional neural network to accurately predict an individual's next location by learning location transition patterns from historical visits, visit time, and surrounding land use functions. Experiments show that the proposed model outperforms other prediction models, and models trained on population data achieve higher prediction accuracy by learning from collective movement patterns. Mobility conducted in the recent past and one week before has the largest influence on the current prediction accuracy.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Eunhye Choe, Min-Shik Kim
Summary: Attentional selection is influenced by prior experience, and repetition of target features or locations facilitates perceptual processing. Eye selection history in binocular rivalry induces attentional bias, as attention amplifies selected information and affects eye dominance.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Felix Bacigalupo, Steven J. Luck
Summary: Attentional engagement, indexed by alpha-band suppression, is increased following conditioned threat stimuli, indicating the importance of monitoring the environment for aversive outcomes. These findings provide valuable insights for future studies on normal or pathological increases in attentional monitoring following threat stimuli.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Stefanie I. Becker, Rheaa T. Manoharan, Charles L. Folk
Summary: Visual attention can be tuned or biased based on specific feature values or relative features of sought-after objects, driving covert attention and eye movements in visual search. The relational account of attention can be extended to explain attentional engagement and selection of continuously attended objects in time, beyond spatial attention.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Hao Lou, Monicque M. Lorist, Karin S. Pilz
Summary: Visual attention can be focused on locations or objects, resulting in space-based effects and object-based effects. Previous research has shown that object-based effects are smaller and less consistent, with significant individual differences. This study examined the occurrence of object-based and space-based effects under different cue validities and time intervals. The results indicate that both object-based and space-based effects are influenced by cue validity, but cue validity does not fully explain the diminished prevalence and magnitude of object-based effects.
Article
Anesthesiology
Emma BlaisdaleJones, Louise Sharpe, Jemma Todd, Hamish MacDougall, Michael Nicholas, Ben Colagiuri
Summary: The study found that attentional biases towards pain are ubiquitous, but for people with moderate-to-severe pain, interpretation biases may have a role worthy of further research.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Matteo De Tommaso, Massimo Turatto
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that reward predicting cues bias attention, even when reward is not delivered. However, there are still open questions regarding the mechanisms underlying the attentional salience of reward cues and whether their attractiveness is dynamically influenced by changes in reward value.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Anna-Lena Schubert, Christoph Loeffler, Dirk Hagemann
Summary: Attention control is important in psychological theories but hard to measure reliably on the subject-level, leading to inconsistent associations with other variables. This study proposes a neurocognitive psychometrics account that integrates a mathematical model of selective attention with neural correlates of conflict processing. The results show that individual differences in attentional control are related to cognitive abilities and suggest that measurement approaches from related disciplines can overcome the measurement crisis.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Eryn Donovan, Cassandra Avila, Sarah Klausner, Vinay Parikh, Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer, Randy D. Blakely, Martin Sarter
Summary: This study demonstrates the impact of the Val89 variant on the function of the neuronal high-affinity choline transporter (CHT). The Val89 mutation leads to reduced choline transport and acetylcholine release, as well as deficits in attentional control. The Val89 mouse provides a valuable model for studying cognitive disorders associated with cholinergic dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Julijana le Sommer, Ann-Marie Low, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Birgitte Fagerlund, Signe Vangkilde, Thomas Habekost, Birte Glenthoj, Bob Oranje
Summary: This study aimed to explore the mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a amplitude in adult ADHD patients and investigate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on these measures. The results showed that MPH treatment significantly reduced ADHD symptoms and improved daily functioning, but it did not significantly affect MMN amplitude. However, it did significantly reduce P3a amplitude compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, more severe ADHD symptoms were associated with larger MMN amplitudes in the patients.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Jean Burgess, Maurizio Corbetta, Kate Crawford, Esther Duflo, Laurel Fogarty, Alison Gopnik, Sari Hanafi, Mario Herrero, Ying-yi Hong, Yasuko Kameyama, Tatia M. C. Lee, Gabriel M. Leung, Daniel S. Nagin, Anna C. Nobre, Merete Nordentoft, Aysu Okbay, Andrew Perfors, Laura M. Rival, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Bertil Tungodden, Claudia Wagner
Summary: Human behavior is complex and requires interdisciplinary research to address societal challenges. Broadening the scope of disciplines and incorporating insights from others is crucial for making progress.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Dejan Draschkow, Anna C. Nobre, Freek van Ede
Summary: This study reveals, using virtual reality, that multiple spatial frames are used to maintain and select visual information in working memory following self-movement.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Sage E. P. Boettcher, Nir Shalev, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Anna C. Nobre
Summary: The study shows that participants in dynamic visual search tasks can utilize spatiotemporal regularities within the environment to guide their performance. Predictability in both space and time significantly improves search performance, primarily due to robust long-term representations of these regularities.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Ann-Marie Low, Signe Vangkilde, Julijana le Sommer, Birgitte Fagerlund, Birte Glenthoj, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Thomas Habekost
Summary: This study investigated subjective sleep disturbances in adults with ADHD who were initially stimulant medication-naive, and reported changes in sleep problems after 6 weeks of methylphenidate treatment. The results showed a significant improvement in sleep quality for patients after methylphenidate medication, especially in those with the poorest reported sleep at baseline. The study suggests that treatment with methylphenidate can increase subjective sleep quality for at least some adults with ADHD.
NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Educational
Nir Shalev, Sage Boettcher, Hannah Wilkinson, Gaia Scerif, Anna C. Nobre
Summary: This study tested children's ability to detect goal-relevant targets using spatiotemporal regularities in a dynamic, extended context. The results showed that children had poorer overall search performance compared to adults, but they benefitted equally from spatiotemporal regularities, detecting more predictable targets. Furthermore, the benefits of predictions in children were positively correlated with their attention.
Article
Psychology
Anders Petersen, Signe Vangkilde
Summary: The Attentional Blink (AB) is a phenomenon where people have difficulty reporting a second target presented shortly after a preceding target. There have been various theories proposed to explain the origin of the AB, including filter-based theories and bottleneck theories. Through three experiments, this study supports the bottleneck theory, showing a lower ability to process the second target during the AB. No evidence was found to support filter-based theories or theories placing the bottleneck at the maintenance stage.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Nir Shalev, Anna C. Nobre
Summary: Maintaining adequate levels of arousal is crucial for sustaining performance on extended tasks. This study demonstrates that temporal predictability can modulate arousal levels, with high predictability lowering baseline arousal and briefly increasing arousal in anticipation of upcoming stimuli, while low predictability results in elevated arousal levels.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Markus Harboe Olsen, Julie Hagstrom, Nicole Nadine Lonfeldt, Camilla Uhre, Valdemar Uhre, Linea Pretzmann, Sofie Heidenheim Christensen, Christine Thoustrup, Nicoline Locke Jepsen Korsbjerg, Anna-Rosa Cecilie Mora-Jensen, Melanie Ritter, Janus Engstrom, Jane Lindschou, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Frank Verhulst, Pia Jeppesen, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Signe Vangkilde, Per Hove Thomsen, Katja Hybel, Line Katrine Harder Clemmesen, Christian Gluud, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Anne Katrine Pagsberg, Janus Christian Jakobsen
Summary: The TECTO trial aims to compare the benefits and harms of family-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) versus family-based psychoeducation/relaxation training (FPRT) in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The trial is a single-centre, randomised clinical trial with two parallel groups. The primary outcome is the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) score, and secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life and adverse events. The statistical analysis plan includes detailed methods for data analysis and aims to limit selective reporting bias.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Katrine Soborg Spang, Julie Hagstrom, Ditte Ellersgaard, Camilla Christiani, Nicoline Hemager, Birgitte Klee Burton, Aja Neergaard Greve, Kirsten Rohr, Ditte Gantriis, Signe Vangkilde, Ole Mors, Merete Nordentoft, Carsten Obel, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Anne A. E. Thorup
Summary: Emotion regulation in children at familial high risk of severe mental illness is not significantly different from that in the control group during early developmental phase. There is a weak negative association between emotion regulation and child psychopathology as well as the presence of a dysregulation profile, and a weak positive association between emotion regulation and current level of functioning.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Leah Snapiri, Yael Kaplan, Nir Shalev, Ayelet N. Landau
Summary: The impact of external rhythmic structure on perception has been shown, but there are significant individual differences in rhythm-based perceptual modulation. This study examines the connection between spontaneous rhythmic preferences measured through the motor system and individual differences in rhythmic modulation of visual discrimination. The results indicate that visual rhythmic stimulation modulates discrimination performance, with the strongest effects seen at the slowest tempo. Furthermore, individuals with slower spontaneous tempi exhibit greater rhythmic modulation compared to those with faster spontaneous tempi.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mona El-Sayed Hervig, Chiara Toschi, Anders Petersen, Signe Vangkilde, Ulrik Gether, Trevor W. Robbins
Summary: This study investigated the role of dopamine and noradrenaline in attentional processing using the TVA model and the 5-choice serial reaction time task in rats. The results showed that different drugs had varying effects on attention, with some slowing down response speed and impairing visual processing while others speeding up response speed and improving attention. These findings have important implications for understanding and treating attention deficits and psychiatric disorders.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jasper E. Hajonides, Freek van Ede, Mark G. Stokes, Anna C. Nobre, Nicholas E. Myers
Summary: Behavioral reports of sensory information are influenced by stimulus history, with both attractive and repulsive biases observed. However, the underlying mechanisms in the human brain are not well understood. In this study, through a working-memory task and analysis of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data, it was found that neural representations during stimulus encoding were biased away from the previous orientation, despite opposite effects on behavior. These results suggest that repulsive biases occur in sensory processing and can be overridden at postperceptual stages to result in attractive biases in behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Anna C. Nobre, Freek van Ede
Summary: Selective attention is an essential cognitive function that involves predicting, prioritizing, selecting, routing, integrating, and preparing signals to guide adaptive behavior. This review focuses on the impact of timing on attention and highlights the challenges posed by the timing of neural processing and psychological functions, the opportunities provided by temporal structures in the environment, and the insights gained from tracking the time courses of neural and behavioral modulations using continuous measures.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Linea Pretzmann, Sofie Heidenheim Christensen, Anne Bryde Christensen, Camilla Funch Uhre, Valdemar Uhre, Christine Lykke Thoustrup, Iben Thiemer Clemmesen, Tin Aaen Gudmandsen, Melanie Ritter, Markus Harboe Olsen, Line Katrine Harder, Nicoline Locke Jepsen Korsbjerg, Anna-Rosa Cecilie Mora-Jensen, Line Katrine Harder Clemmensen, Jane Lindschou, Christian Gluud, Per Hove Thomsen, Signe Vangkilde, Julie Hagstrom, Alexander Rozental, Pia Jeppesen, Frank Verhulst, Katja Anna Hybel, Nicole Nadine Lonfoldt, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Stig Poulsen, Anne Katrine Pagsberg
Summary: This mixed methods study aims to expand knowledge on adverse events in psychotherapy for youth with OCD. The study plans to analyze at least 128 youth with OCD through quantitative monitoring of adverse events and qualitative interviews on their experiences. The findings can inform safer and more effective psychotherapy, monitoring tools and guidelines for adverse events, and patient information on potential adverse events.
CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
