Article
Clinical Neurology
Tianming Qiu, Apisara Chanchotisatien, Zhiyong Qin, Jinsong Wu, Shuguang Chu
Summary: Inflammatory demyelinating changes referred to as sentinel lesions in PCNSL may lead to misdiagnosis, highlighting the importance of targeting the most enhanced region on MRI for biopsy when there is high suspicion for PCNSL.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Beatriz Garcillan, Miguel Salavert, Jose R. Regueiro, Sabela Diaz-Castroverde
Summary: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) receiving biologic therapies may experience attenuated vaccine responses. Certain therapies impair the immunogenicity and antibody responses to vaccines, while others do not affect immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination appears to be safe and well tolerated in IMID patients, but the efficacy may be reduced compared to healthy individuals.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sofia Gourtsoyianni, Michael Laniado, Luis Ros-Mendoza, Giancarlo Mansueto, Giulia A. Zamboni
Summary: Cross-sectional imaging of the upper abdomen, especially with intravenous contrast, can effectively detect acute or chronic diseases in the spleen. Incidentally discovered splenic lesions present a small challenge unless the imaging is specifically targeted at evaluating or characterizing the spleen. The most common benign focal splenic lesions include cysts, hemangiomas, sclerosing angiomatous nodular transformation (SANT), hamartomas, and abscesses, among others. This review describes the imaging features of these lesions and emphasizes the importance of clinical information for a definite diagnosis.
Review
Immunology
Sachin Mulik, Engin Berber, Sharvan Sehrawat, Barry Tyrrell Rouse
Summary: In this review, various immune modulating approaches to counteract tissue-damaging viral immunoinflammatory lesions in chronic viral infections are discussed. The authors highlight the role of host response in mediating cell and tissue damage, rather than the virus itself. The article identifies aspects of the host reactions that influence immune responsiveness and describes successful approaches to modulate damaging participants and control viral-induced lesions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lluis Rusinol, Luis Puig
Summary: The Jak/STAT pathways play a crucial role in cytokine signaling and have become a focus of research for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Dysfunction of Tyk2, a member of the Jak family, has been linked to protection from psoriasis and prevention of IMID without increasing the risk of serious infections. Deucravacitinib, an allosteric inhibitor that binds to the regulatory domain of Tyk2, has shown greater selectivity and a reduced risk of adverse events. In September 2022, deucravacitinib became the first Tyk2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Tyk2 inhibitors hold promise for the future with the development of newer drugs and broader indications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Elisa Petruccioli, Linda Petrone, Teresa Chiacchio, Chiara Farroni, Gilda Cuzzi, Assunta Navarra, Valentina Vanini, Umberto Massafra, Marianna Lo Pizzo, Giuliana Guggino, Nadia Caccamo, Fabrizio Cantini, Fabrizio Palmieri, Delia Goletti
Summary: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) compared to the general population. Studying the M. tuberculosis (Mtb) specific T-cell response may help identify immune biomarkers of Mtb burden or clearance in different TB statuses and risk groups.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yulan Gong, Rajeswari Nagarathinam, Maria F. Arisi, Lorenzo Gerratana, Jennifer S. Winn, Michael Slifker, Jianming Pei, Kathy Q. Cai, Zachary Hasse, Elias Obeid, Julio Noriega, Christopher Sebastiano, Eric Ross, Katherine Alpaugh, Massimo Cristofanilli, Sandra Fernandez
Summary: By studying genomic alterations in IBC patients, we confirmed the complementarity between cfDNA and tumor tissue genetic profiles. We found germline variants associated with an increased risk of developing IBC, and identified a subset of patients sensitive to PARP inhibitors and PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Stephen M. M. Borowitz
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing globally over the past century and has spread to developing countries. Genetic factors and environmental exposures both contribute to the development of IBD. Urban areas and good domestic hygiene during childhood are associated with a higher risk of IBD. Migration from high to low incidence areas affects the risk of developing IBD. Early environmental exposures may trigger IBD in genetically susceptible individuals, but specific triggers remain unknown.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Shirish Dubey, Nilay Joshi, Olivia Stevenson, Caroline Gordon, John A. Reynolds
Summary: This review focuses on chilblains secondary to immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, primarily discussing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of CHLE.
Article
Immunology
Anne-Charlotte Heba, Simon Toupance, Djesia Arnone, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Anthanase Benetos, Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
Summary: Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of linear chromosomes that play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the genome. Research has shown a close connection between telomere length dynamics and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, although the causality between these diseases and telomere attrition remains controversial.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Stephen G. Fung, Richard Webster, M. Ellen Kuenzig, Braden D. Knight, Michelle Batthish, Cal Robinson, Rahul Chanchlani, Eric Benchimol, Carolina Jimenez-Rivera
Summary: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood vasculitis. This study found that children diagnosed with KD have an increased risk of developing arthritis after the acute event, but not other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs).
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Campanati, Andrea Marani, Emanuela Martina, Federico Diotallevi, Giulia Radi, Annamaria Offidani
Summary: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects 2-3% of the worldwide population, with biologics being able to modify the natural history of the disease by reducing inflammation and preventing organ damage and systemic complications.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Charles Gwellem Anchang, Cong Xu, Maria Gabriella Raimondo, Raja Atreya, Andreas Maier, Georg Schett, Vasily Zaburdaev, Simon Rauber, Andreas Ramming
Summary: The increasing incidence rates of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are concerning, as current standard immunotherapies only have a 40-60% response rate. Moreover, these therapies require lifelong usage and cannot achieve true disease cure. The development of various OMICs technologies offers hope for improving IMIDs treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yan Jiang, Karolin Jarr, Cosima Layton, Christopher D. Gardner, Judith E. Ashouri, Maria T. Abreu, Sidhartha R. Sinha
Summary: Despite being an important issue for patients, the impact of diet on adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not well explored, with limited guidance. Current evidence on various diets used in the treatment of IBD is summarized, with potential applications of dietary data from related immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) to inform providers. Multiple diets, including Mediterranean, vegetarian/vegan, and reduced-calorie/fasting diets, have shown positive results in other inflammatory diseases, suggesting potential applicability to IBD, but further well-designed clinical trials are needed for guidance.
Article
Immunology
Daniel Mrak, Felix Kartnig, Daniela Sieghart, Elisabeth Simader, Helga Radner, Peter Mandl, Lisa Goeschl, Philipp Hofer, Thomas Deimel, Irina Gessl, Renate Kain, Stefan Winkler, Josef S. Smolen, Thomas Perkmann, Helmuth Haslacher, Daniel Aletaha, Leonhard X. Heinz, Michael Bonelli
Summary: A study found that patients under immunosuppression experienced a rapid decline in antibodies after the third COVID-19 vaccine dose, and it remains unclear whether immunosuppressive therapy affects immune responses. Monitoring the immune response and adverse events in 50 immunosuppressed patients and 42 healthy controls, it was observed that immunosuppressed patients had significantly lower antibody levels, suggesting the need for an early fourth vaccination.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Todd A. Hardy
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yuan Zhou, Suzi B. Claflin, Jim Stankovich, Ingrid van der Mei, Steve Simpson, Richard H. Roxburgh, Tomas Kalincik, Leigh Blizzard, Alessandra Lugaresi, Raed Alroughani, Seyed Aidin Sajedi, Helmut Butzkueven, Eugenio Pucci, Daniele L. A. Spitaleri, Franco Granella, Edgardo Cristiano, Bassem Yamout, Stella Hughes, Riadh Gouider, Jose Luis Sanchez Menoyo, Javier Olascoaga, Chris McGuigan, Cameron Shaw, Allan G. Kermode, Krisztian Kasa, Talal Al-Harbi, Ayse Altintas, Guy Laureys, Yara Fragoso, Todd A. Hardy, Tunde Csepany, Carmen-Adella Sirbu, Danny Decoo, Attila Sas, Jose C. Alvarez-Cermeno, Karim Kotkata, Jorge Millan-Pascual, Bruce V. Taylor
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2020)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Mansur A. Kutlubaev, Rimma F. Idrisova, Elvira N. Zakirova, Todd A. Hardy
ACTA NEUROLOGICA BELGICA
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Todd A. Hardy, Rachael L. Taylor, Jessica Qiu, Billy O'Brien, Sumana Gopinath, Benjamin Trewin, Penelope J. Spring, Mohamed Shaffi, Sam J. Bolitho, Roger J. Garsia, Richard Roxburgh, Deborah F. Mason, Jerome Ip, Fiona Chan, Luke Chen, Ian Wilson, Heidi N. Beadnall, Michael H. Barnett, John D. E. Parratt, John D. G. Watson, Miriam S. Welgampola, Stephen W. Reddel, Benjamin Tsang, G. Michael Halmagyi
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan Baskin, Todd A. Hardy, Lai Yin Law, Samuel Bolitho, Yael Barnett
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Jessica Qiu, D. Sean Riminton, Stephen W. Reddel, Todd A. Hardy
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tomas Kalincik, Ibrahima Diouf, Sifat Sharmin, Charles Malpas, Tim Spelman, Dana Horakova, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Maria Trojano, Guillermo Izquierdo, Alessandra Lugaresi, Alexandre Prat, Marc Girard, Pierre Duquette, Pierre Grammond, Vilija Jokubaitis, Anneke Van der Walt, Francois Grand'Maison, Patrizia Sola, Diana Ferraro, Vahid Shaygannejad, Raed Alroughani, Raymond Hupperts, Murat Terzi, Cavit Boz, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Eugenio Pucci, Vincent Van Pesch, Franco Granella, Roberto Bergamaschi, Daniele Spitaleri, Mark Slee, Steve Vucic, Radek Ampapa, Pamela McCombe, Cristina Ramo-Tello, Julie Prevost, Javier Olascoaga, Edgardo Cristiano, Michael Barnett, Maria Laura Saladino, Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Csilla Rozsa, Stella Hughes, Fraser Moore, Cameron Shaw, Ernest Butler, Olga Skibina, Orla Gray, Allan Kermode, Tunde Csepany, Bhim Singhal, Neil Shuey, Imre Piroska, Bruce Taylor, Magdolna Simo, Carmen-Adella Sirbu, Attila Sas, Helmut Butzkueven
Summary: The study demonstrates that continued treatment with MS immunotherapies significantly reduces disability accrual, risk of needing a walking aid, and frequency of relapses over a 15-year period.
Article
Immunology
James Broadley, Robb Wesselingh, Udaya Seneviratne, Chris Kyndt, Paul Beech, Katherine Buzzard, Cassie Nesbitt, Wendyl D'Souza, Amy Brodtmann, Tomas Kalincik, Helmut Butzkueven, Terence J. O'Brien, Mastura Monif
Summary: This study suggests that NLR on initial hospital admission blood tests may provide important prognostic information for cases of seropositive AE. High NLR was associated with higher odds of first line treatment failure, while increased MLR was not associated with any short or long-term outcome.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simon Rinaldi, Alexander Davies, Janev Fehmi, Heidi N. Beadnall, Justine Wang, Todd A. Hardy, Michael H. Barnett, Simon A. Broadley, Patrick Waters, Stephen W. Reddel, Sarosh R. Irani, Fabienne Brilot, Russell C. Dale, Sudarshini Ramanathan
Summary: Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with CNS demyelination including optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The study of an Australasian MOGAD cohort revealed a subgroup possibly mediated by coexistent autoantibodies, presenting with myeloradiculitis, combined central and peripheral demyelination syndromes, and inflammatory neuropathies, being responsive to immunotherapy.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dean M. Wingerchuk, Kazuo Fujihara, Jacqueline Palace, Achim Berthele, Michael Levy, Ho Jin Kim, Ichiro Nakashima, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Kai-Chen Wang, Larisa Miller, Shulian Shang, Guido Sabatella, Marcus Yountz, Sean J. Pittock
Summary: This study demonstrates that the long-term safety profile of eculizumab in NMOSD is consistent with its established profile across other indications. Long-term treatment with eculizumab has shown sustained ability to reduce relapse risk in patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD, with some patients also reducing or stopping background immunosuppressive therapy.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Evan A. Jolliffe, Yong Guo, Todd A. Hardy, P. Pearse Morris, Eoin P. Flanagan, Claudia F. Lucchinetti, W. Oliver Tobin
Summary: Balo concentric sclerosis (BCS) may represent a distinct subtype of multiple sclerosis characterized by pattern III immunopathology. Patients show radial expansion of lesions and various types of rings in MRI, with different responses to steroid treatment.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Pedro Sanchez, Fiona Chan, Todd A. Hardy
Summary: Tumefactive demyelination (TD) poses challenges for clinicians due to difficulties in distinguishing it from other conditions. Determining the underlying cause of TD is crucial to guide management approaches.
EXPERT REVIEW OF NEUROTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
James D. Triplett, Mansur Amirovich Kutlubaev, Allan G. Kermode, Todd Hardy
Summary: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) can manifest with various clinical symptoms, including visual disturbance, headache, seizures, and impaired consciousness. MRI shows edema, usually involving the posterior subcortical regions. Common triggering factors include hypertension, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, renal failure, cytotoxic agents, and autoimmune conditions. The underlying mechanism of PRES is still uncertain, but endothelial dysfunction is believed to play a role. Treatment is supportive, focusing on correcting underlying causes and managing complications such as seizures. While most patients recover, PRES is not always reversible and can lead to considerable morbidity and even mortality.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mansur Amirovich Kutlubaev, Ilmari Pyykko, Todd A. Hardy, Robert Gurkov
Summary: Meniere's disease is a condition characterized by paroxysmal rotatory vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness, caused by endolymphatic hydrops. The disease may progress to permanent hearing loss and tinnitus, requiring long-term management and treatment.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Barnes, Yuyi You, Ting Shen, Todd A. Hardy, Clare Fraser, Stephen W. Reddel, Fabienne Brilot, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Alexandr Klistorner, Con Yiannikas
Summary: The study showed that MOG-ON patients have less axonal loss compared to AQP4-ON patients and less demyelination than MS-ON patients. Damage accumulates with relapses in MOGAD, supporting the need for maintenance immunosuppression for remission induction in these patients.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2021)
