Review
Immunology
Pierre Mora, Candice Chapouly
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, and there is currently no known cure. Astrogliosis, the reactive proliferation of astrocytes, plays a significant role in regulating the autoimmune response. This review highlights the central role of NOTCH signaling in astrocyte reactivity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mikhail Melnikov, Mikhail Pashenkov, Alexey Boyko
Summary: Dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and has modulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune system cells. It plays a critical role in regulating neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis, and holds therapeutic potential for MS treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Bellingacci, Andrea Mancini, Lorenzo Gaetani, Alessandro Tozzi, Lucilla Parnetti, Massimiliano Di Filippo
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is not only a chronic inflammatory disease of white matter, but gray matter pathology and synaptic structures also play crucial roles in MS-related disability. During the course of MS, interaction between the immune system and synaptic structures leads to changes in brain network dynamics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Ye Sun, Haojun Yu, Yangtai Guan
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes demyelination and neurodegeneration. Research on glial cells has provided insight into the connection between inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Luana Gilio, Diego Fresegna, Antonietta Gentile, Livia Guadalupi, Krizia Sanna, Francesca De Vito, Sara Balletta, Silvia Caioli, Francesca Romana Rizzo, Alessandra Musella, Ennio Iezzi, Alessandro Moscatelli, Giovanni Galifi, Roberta Fantozzi, Paolo Bellantonio, Roberto Furlan, Annamaria Finardi, Valentina Vanni, Ettore Dolcetti, Antonio Bruno, Fabio Buttari, Georgia Mandolesi, Diego Centonze, Mario Stampanoni Bassi
Summary: Exercise has an immunomodulatory effect in MS patients, reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines and improving mood disorders. IL-2 plays a causal role in mood disorders and synaptic dysfunction in MS. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of exercise as a disease-modifying therapy in MS.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bianca Wagner, Clara L. Haerig, Bertram Walter, Jens Sommer, Gebhard Sammer, Martin Berghoff
Summary: Cognitive impairments are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, even those without significant cognitive deficits. This study found reduced activation in the hippocampus, pallidum, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in MS patients during an attention network task. These functional brain changes might serve as a biological indicator of susceptibility to cognitive impairment in MS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Deepak Kumar Kaushik, Anindita Bhattacharya, Brian Mark Lozinski, V. Wee Yong
Summary: Pericytes play a critical role in mediating inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its models, seeking to restore blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity through increased coverage but facilitating macrophages to enter the central nervous system when exposed to CSPGs, leading to elevated neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Martina Kunkl, Carola Amormino, Valentina Tedeschi, Maria Teresa Fiorillo, Loretta Tuosto
Summary: This review summarizes the changes and behavior of astrocytes in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, as well as the contribution of pathogenic T cell subsets and CD8(+) T cells to astrocytic modifications and pathological outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Rhonda R. Voskuhl, Allan MacKenzie-Graham
Summary: There are many similarities in neuropathology between MS and chronic EAE induced in C57BL/6 mice, including lesions in the spinal cord and various structures in the brain.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Melissa Sorosina, Silvia Peroni, Elisabetta Mascia, Silvia Santoro, Ana Maria Osiceanu, Laura Ferre, Ferdinando Clarelli, Antonino Giordano, Miryam Cannizzaro, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Massimo Filippi, Federica Esposito
Summary: This study investigated the involvement of ninjurin2 in inflammatory conditions and monocyte migration through the blood-brain barrier. The results showed a higher transmigration rate of monocytes from multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy controls in an activated model of the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, a positive correlation between ninjurin2 expression in monocytes and monocyte migration rate was observed.
Review
Cell Biology
Sofia Fernanda Goncalves Zorzella-Pezavento, Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura, Marina Bonifacio Denadai, William Danilo Fernandes de Souza, Thais Fernanda De Campos Fraga-Silva, Alexandrina Sartori
Summary: This review summarizes the medication options for multiple sclerosis, the potential role of vitamin D, and the importance of vitamin D supplementation for multiple sclerosis patients. The article highlights that not all patients respond well to current treatments, making vitamin D a possible alternative.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hans Lassmann
Summary: Neuropathology plays a crucial role in understanding multiple sclerosis (MS) and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases, helping differentiate different diseases, understanding disease progression and damage mechanisms, and providing important guidance for disease treatment and clinical trials.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Aaron P. Turner, Anne Arewasikporn, Eric J. Hawkins, Pradeep Suri, Stephen P. Burns, Steve L. Leipertz, Jodie K. Haselkorn
Summary: This study aimed to characterize patterns of prescription opioid use in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify risk factors associated with chronic use. The results showed a decline in chronic opioid use over the study period, but it remains common among a substantial minority of MS patients. Prior chronic opioid use, history of pain condition, post-traumatic stress disorder, and rural residence were associated with a greater risk of chronic prescription opioid use.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Anthea Di Rita, Flavie Strappazzon
Summary: Through genetic analysis on 203 MS patients and 1000 healthy controls, a natural variant of CALCOCO2/NDP52 associated with and protective in MS was identified. CALCOCO2 is mainly expressed in B cells, and by mediating mitophagy, it reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production following stimulation of these cells.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
DeAnnah R. Byrd, Julie Ober Allen
Summary: This exploratory study investigates sex differences in the relationships between discrimination and inflammatory dysregulation among middle aged and older Black Americans. It found that Black men generally reported higher levels of discrimination, while Black women exhibited more overall inflammatory burden. The study also revealed that lifetime discrimination and inequality at work were associated with higher levels of inflammatory burden, and these relationships varied by sex.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas J. Littlejohns, Jo Holliday, Lorna M. Gibson, Steve Garratt, Niels Oesingmann, Fidel Alfaro-Almagro, Jimmy D. Bell, Chris Boultwood, Rory Collins, Megan C. Conroy, Nicola Crabtree, Nicola Doherty, Alejandro F. Frangi, Nicholas C. Harvey, Paul Leeson, Karla L. Miller, Stefan Neubauer, Steffen E. Petersen, Jonathan Sellors, Simon Sheard, Stephen M. Smith, Cathie L. M. Sudlow, Paul M. Matthews, Naomi E. Allen
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Paul M. Matthews, Valerie J. Block, Letizia Leocani
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Peter J. Lally, Paul M. Matthews, Neal K. Bangerter
Summary: The technique presented in this study achieves rapid, low SAR super-resolution imaging by utilizing the off-resonance profile in SSFP, demonstrating its feasibility through Bloch simulations and synthetic phantoms. By proposing a k-space reconstruction approach to account for B-0 effects, high-resolution super-resolution images were successfully reconstructed from a test object at 9.4T, showcasing improved resolution capabilities with minimal RF power requirements.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Rafik Tadros, Catherine Francis, Xiao Xu, Alexa M. C. Vermeer, Andrew R. Harper, Roy Huurman, Ken Kelu Bisabu, Roddy Walsh, Edgar T. Hoorntje, Wouter P. te Rijdt, Rachel J. Buchan, Hannah G. van Velzen, Marjon A. van Slegtenhorst, Jentien M. Vermeulen, Joost Allard Offerhaus, Wenjia Bai, Antonio de Marvao, Najim Lahrouchi, Leander Beekman, Jacco C. Karper, Jan H. Veldink, Elham Kayvanpour, Antonis Pantazis, A. John Baksi, Nicola Whiffin, Francesco Mazzarotto, Geraldine Sloane, Hideaki Suzuki, Deborah Schneider-Luftman, Paul Elliott, Pascale Richard, Flavie Ader, Eric Villard, Peter Lichtner, Thomas Meitinger, Michael W. T. Tanck, J. Peter van Tintelen, Andrew Thain, David McCarty, Robert A. Hegele, Jason D. Roberts, Julie Amyot, Marie-Pierre Dube, Julia Cadrin-Tourigny, Genevieve Giraldeau, Philippe L. L'Allier, Patrick Garceau, Jean-Claude Tardif, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, R. Thomas Lumbers, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Paul J. R. Barton, Stuart A. Cook, Sanjay K. Prasad, Declan P. O'Regan, Jolanda van der Velden, Karin J. H. Verweij, Mario Talajic, Guillaume Lettre, Yigal M. Pinto, Benjamin Meder, Philippe Charron, Rudolf A. de Boer, Imke Christiaans, Michelle Michels, Arthur A. M. Wilde, Hugh Watkins, Paul M. Matthews, James S. Ware, Connie R. Bezzina
Summary: The study found a strong genetic correlation between hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies and left ventricular traits, with opposing genetic effects in the two cardiomyopathies. The research also supported a causal association between increased left ventricular contractility and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy risk.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Kylie E. C. Ainslie, Joshua Elliott, Lucy Okell, Rozlyn Redd, Deborah Ashby, Christl A. Donnelly, Wendy Barclay, Ara Darzi, Graham Cooke, Steven Riley, Paul Elliott
Summary: The REACT-2 study in England found that by mid-July 2020, around 6% of adults had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with healthcare workers and individuals of Black or South Asian ethnicity disproportionately affected. Although different ethnicities had similar infection fatality ratios, higher hospitalization and mortality rates in minority ethnic groups may be due to higher rates of infection rather than differential disease experience or care.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Arinbjorn Kolbeinsson, Jean Kossaifi, Yannis Panagakis, Adrian Bulat, Animashree Anandkumar, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Paul M. Matthews
Summary: CNNs achieve high performance with deep, over-parametrized neural architectures, but lack robustness and generalization abilities. Tensor layers provide better inductive biases through multi-linear structure, and tensor dropout is a technique to improve generalization for image classification and phenotypic trait prediction tasks. Superior performance and improved robustness are demonstrated in experiments, validating the theoretical validity and regularizing effect of tensor dropout.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Nisha K. Ramakrishnan, Matthew Hird, Stephen Thompson, David J. Williamson, Luxi Qiao, David R. Owen, Allen F. Brooks, Peter J. H. Scott, Sergio Bacallado, John T. O'Brien, Franklin Aigbirhio
Summary: This study evaluated the two enantiomers of [F-18]GE387, showing that (S)-[F-18]GE387 has favorable kinetics in healthy subjects and can distinguish inflamed brain regions in neuroinflammation models, while also demonstrating low sensitivity to TSPO polymorphism in human brain tissue.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Erik Nutma, Emeline Gebro, Manuel C. Marzin, Paul van der Valk, Paul M. Matthews, David R. Owen, Sandra Amor
Summary: The expression of TSPO in the human central nervous system may reflect cell density rather than activation status of microglia/macrophages. This has implications for interpreting TSPO PET signals in MS and other CNS diseases, highlighting the limitations of extrapolating TSPO biology from rodents to humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valeria Calsolaro, Paul M. Matthews, Cornelius K. Donat, Nicholas R. Livingston, Grazia D. Femminella, Sandra Silva Guedes, Jim Myers, Zhen Fan, Robin J. Tyacke, Ashwin V. Venkataraman, Robert Perneczky, Roger Gunn, Eugenii A. Rabiner, Steve Gentleman, Christine A. Parker, Philip S. Murphy, Paul B. Wren, Rainer Hinz, Magdalena Sastre, David J. Nutt, Paul Edison
Summary: This study utilized a novel PET tracer, C-11-BU99008, to investigate astrocyte reactivity associated with Alzheimer's disease, revealing significantly increased astrocyte reactivity in older cognitively impaired and Alzheimer's disease patients, particularly in cortical regions.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
George Zhang Wei, Katherine A. Martin, Peter Yuli Xing, Ruchi Agrawal, Luke Whiley, Thomas K. Wood, Sophia Hejndorf, Yong Zhi Ng, Jeremy Zhi Yan Low, Janet Rossant, Robert Nechanitzky, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Eng-King Tan, Paul M. Matthews, Sven Pettersson
Summary: This study demonstrates that the tryptophan metabolite indole produced by gut microbes can influence neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus through a specific signaling pathway. The effects of indole on neural progenitor cells include cell cycle exit, terminal differentiation, and maturation into neurons with longer and more branched neurites, highlighting a potential therapeutic opportunity for brain aging-related mechanisms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Evangelos Evangelou, Hideaki Suzuki, Wenjia Bai, Raha Pazoki, He Gao, Paul M. Matthews, Paul Elliott
Summary: The study found a monotonous association between higher alcohol consumption and lower normalized brain volume, as well as correlations with increased left ventricular mass and liver fat content. These results suggest that there is no safe threshold for alcohol consumption and call for a reevaluation of current public health guidelines.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amy M. Smith, Karen Davey, Stergios Tsartsalis, Combiz Khozoie, Nurun Fancy, See Swee Tang, Eirini Liaptsi, Maria Weinert, Aisling McGarry, Robert C. J. Muirhead, Steve Gentleman, David R. Owen, Paul M. Matthews
Summary: The study reveals significant differences in gene expression in astrocytes and microglia in the brains of AD patients, correlated with amyloid-beta or pTau expression. There are distinct gene expression patterns in the two cell types and pathologies, but common gene sets exist in each cell type. Additionally, different sub-clusters are found in astrocytes and microglia, characterized by transcriptional signatures related to either homeostatic functions or disease pathology.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ashwin V. Venkataraman, Wenjia Bai, Alex Whittington, James F. Myers, Eugenii A. Rabiner, Anne Lingford-Hughes, Paul M. Matthews
Summary: A data-driven, spatially informed classifier was developed to improve the diagnostic power of amyloid PET in Alzheimer's disease. This classifier significantly increased the accuracy and sensitivity of AD scans, showcasing the importance of considering spatial variation in Aβ PET signal for optimal interpretation of scans.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ruth Dobson, Matthew Craner, Ed Waddingham, Aleisha Miller, Ana Cavey, Stewart Webb, Cheryl Hemingway, Jeremy Hobart, Nikos Evangelou, Neil Scolding, David Rog, Richard Nicholas, Monica Marta, Camilla Blain, Carolyn Anne Young, Helen L. Ford, Paul M. Matthews
Summary: The study aims to characterize and compare the incidence and risk of serious adverse events in MS patients treated with DMTs. The OPTIMISE:MS database allows for electronic data capture and secure data transfer. Ethical permission has been obtained and results will be disseminated through publication, with participants' consent for sharing anonymized data for further research use.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Berke Doga Basaran, Mengyun Qiao, Paul A. Matthews, Wenjia Bai
Summary: In this study, a foreground-based generative method is proposed to model local lesion characteristics and generate synthetic lesions and pseudo-healthy images. The method can also be used for data augmentation in training brain image segmentation networks.
SIMULATION AND SYNTHESIS IN MEDICAL IMAGING, SASHIMI 2022
(2022)