Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 24, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173078
Keywords
anthocyanins; betalains; caryophyllales; evolution; pigment biosynthesis; stress tolerance
Funding
- China Agriculture Research System [CARS-10-B3]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31700226]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China [BK20160215]
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Betalains are applicable to many aspects of life, and their properties, characteristics, extraction and biosynthesis process have been thoroughly studied. Although betalains are functionally similar to anthocyanins and can substitute for them to provide pigments for plant color, it is rare to study the roles of betalains in plant responses to adverse environmental conditions. Owing to their antioxidant capability to remove excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and humans, betalains have attracted much attention due to their bioactivity. In addition, betalains can also act as osmotic substances to regulate osmotic pressure in plants and play important roles in plant responses to adverse environmental conditions. The study of the physiological evolution of betalains is almost complete but remains complicated because the evolutionary relationship between betalains and anthocyanins is still uncertain. In this review, to provide a reference for the in-depth study of betalains compared with anthocyanins, the biochemical properties, biosynthesis process and roles of betalains in response to environmental stress are reviewed, and the relationship between betalains and anthocyanins is discussed.
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