Complex of EGCG with Cu(II) Suppresses Amyloid Aggregation and Cu(II)-Induced Cytotoxicity of α-Synuclein

Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) is a remarkable pathology for Parkinson's disease (PD), therefore clearing it is possibly a promising strategy for treating PD. Aberrant copper (Cu(II)) homeostasis and oxidative stress play critical roles in the abnormal aggregation of alpha-Syn in the progress of PD. It is reported that the polyphenol (-)-epi-gallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can inhibit alpha-Syn fibrillation and aggregation, disaggregate alpha-Syn mature fibrils, as well as protect alpha-Syn overexpressed-PC12 cells against damage. Also, previous studies have reported that EGCG can chelate many divalent metal ions. What we investigate here is whether EGCG can interfere with the Cu(II) induced fibrillation of alpha-Syn and protect the cell viability. In this work, on a molecular and cellulaire basis, we demonstrated that EGCG can form a Cu(II)/EGCG complex, leading to the inhibition of Cu(II)-induced conformation transition of alpha-Syn from random coil to beta-sheet, which is a dominant structure in alpha-Syn fibrils and aggregates. Moreover, we found that the mixture of Cu(II) and EGCG in a molar ratio from 0.5 to 2 can efficiently inhibit this process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in the alpha-Syn transduced-PC12 cells, EGCG can inhibit the overexpression and fibrillation of alpha-Syn in the cells, and reduce Cu(II)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting the cells against Cu(II)-mediated toxicity.