Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Norah A. Terrault, Miriam T. Levy, Ka Wang Cheung, Gonzague Jourdain
Summary: The management of viral hepatitis in pregnancy requires special consideration due to the unique characteristics of each hepatitis virus and their impact on maternal and infant outcomes. Preventing mother-to-child transmission is crucial in reducing the global burden of chronic viral hepatitis.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Juan-Vicente Bou, Shuhei Taguwa, Yoshiharu Matsuura
Summary: Extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in viral transmission, facilitating collective transmission of viral genomes and protecting viral particles, which are essential for understanding virus evolution and developing antiviral strategies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dewi Lokida, Helmia Farida, Rina Triasih, Yan Mardian, Herman Kosasih, Adhella Menur Naysilla, Arif Budiman, Chakrawati Hayuningsih, Moh Syarofil Anam, Dwi Wastoro, Mujahidah Mujahidah, Setya Dipayana, Amalia Setyati, Abu Tholib Aman, Nurhayati Lukman, Muhammad Karyana, Ahnika Kline, Aaron Neal, Chuen-Yen Lau, Clifford Lane
Summary: This study identified the main pathogens causing hospitalised childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among Indonesian children aged 2-59 months old through a comprehensive diagnostic approach. The most frequently identified pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae non-type B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The study highlights the importance of PCR for diagnosis and appropriate use of antimicrobials.
Article
Immunology
Hsiao-Sang Chu, Olivia J. Killeen, Yi-Ting Hsieh, Tung-Hung Su, H. Kaz Soong, Chung-Liang Shih, Fung-Rong Hu
Summary: This study aims to investigate the rationality of the allocation guidelines in a hepatitis B endemic area that uses corneas from hepatitis B donors. The results showed that allocating corneas from HBsAg(+) or anti-HBc(+) donors to HBsAg(+) or hepatitis B surface antibody recipients maximizes cornea usage from hepatitis B donors without compromising transplant safety.
Article
Immunology
Anne Emanuels, Jessica Heimonen, Jessica O'Hanlon, Ashley E. Kim, Naomi Wilcox, Denise J. McCulloch, Elisabeth Brandstetter, Caitlin R. Wolf, Jennifer K. Logue, Peter D. Han, Brian Pfau, Kira L. Newman, James P. Hughes, Michael L. Jackson, Timothy M. Uyeki, Michael Boeckh, Lea M. Starita, Deborah A. Nickerson, Trevor Bedford, Janet A. Englund, Helen Y. Chu
Summary: This study monitored households remotely for symptoms of respiratory viral illness and found that respiratory viruses circulated within households during the winter months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Contactless recruitment, enrollment, and sample collection methods were utilized, demonstrating the feasibility of home-based, remote monitoring for respiratory infections.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Justine Umutesi, Carolina Klett-Tammen, Sabin Nsanzimana, G. Krause, J. J. Ott
Summary: Through analyzing data from a national hepatitis B vaccination and screening campaign in Rwanda, the study found differences in chronic hepatitis B virus infection rates among different high-risk groups and identified some influencing factors. Results showed that older age and having hepatitis C antibodies were associated with lower odds of chronic HBV infection, while being female was also linked to a lower likelihood of being infected.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaturon Poovieng, Boonsub Sakboonyarat, Worapong Nasomsong
Summary: This study aimed to determine the mortality rate and risk factors, as well as etiology, among inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). The results showed that gram-negative pathogens accounted for a significant proportion of pneumonia cases, with P. aeruginosa being the most common pathogen. HAP carried a higher risk of mortality compared to CAP, while individual factors such as cardiomyopathy, smoking, and insulin use were associated with increased mortality risk.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Alisa Aliaga-Samanez, Raimundo Real, Marina Segura, Carlos Marfil-Daza, Jesus Olivero
Summary: Yellow fever is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, and in recent years, infections have occurred in areas where it was previously absent, possibly due to the rapid spread of mosquito vectors and the evolutionary dynamics of the virus in non-human primates. The study identifies the Amazon basin and southern Brazil in South America, as well as the western region of Africa, as areas with significant yellow fever transmission. It highlights the importance of monitoring yellow fever infections in primates in these regions.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chen Chen, Zuliyaer Talifu, Yu Wu, Binbin Su, Wanwei Dai
Summary: This study examines the trends and impacts of viral hepatitis mortality in urban and rural areas of China from 1987 to 2021, and provides insights for policymakers to develop targeted intervention strategies for high-risk older adults.
Article
Biology
Aurelien Marc, Marion Kerioui, Francois Blanquart, Julie Bertrand, Oriol Mitja, Marc Corbacho-Monne, Michael Marks, Jeremie Guedj
Summary: The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and infectiousness has been studied. Results show that a viral load greater than 10(10) copies per mL can lead to a transmission probability as high as 48%, with peak transmission probability at symptom onset and large individual variations. The model also predicts that variants of concern, which increase viral load, could lead to a relative increase in transmission probability in contacts.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Arnav Agarwal, Ya Gao, Luis Enrique Colunga Lozano, Saad Asif, Layla Bakaa, Maryam Ghadimi, John Basmaji, Aninditee Das, Mark Loeb, Gordon Guyatt
Summary: This article describes a planned systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to evaluate the impact of shorter versus longer durations of antibiotic therapy for patients with CAP.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew L. Bendall, Keylie M. Gibson, Margaret C. Steiner, Uzma Rentia, Marcos Perez-Losada, Keith A. Crandall
Summary: Deep sequencing of viral populations using NGS provides insights into evolution, transmission dynamics, and population genetics, but current practices may overlook valuable information. HAPHPIPE offers a comprehensive pipeline for assembling viral consensus sequences and haplotypes, allowing for rapid analysis and quality output suitable for evolutionary studies.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Won-Mook Choi, Gi-Ae Kim, Jonggi Choi, Seungbong Han, Young-Suk Lim
Summary: The association between baseline HBV DNA levels and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This multicenter cohort study showed that in HBeAg-positive, noncirrhotic adult patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), decreasing baseline HBV DNA levels were associated with an incremental increase in on-treatment HCC risk.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarwat Mahmud, Hiam Chemaitelly, Ahmed S. Alaama, Joumana G. Hermez, Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Summary: This study characterized the trends and associations with HCV antibody prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa. The study found that HCV antibody prevalence is declining in the general population, but at a slower rate among high-risk populations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mathieu Andraud, Pachka Hammami, Brandon H. Hayes, Jason A. Galvis, Timothee Vergne, Gustavo Machado, Nicolas Rose
Summary: African swine fever poses a significant threat to the swine industry, and understanding its transmission routes and control measures is crucial. A simulation model was developed to assess the spread of African swine fever in the commercial swine network in France, considering different transmission routes and surveillance measures.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Victor Khou, Nicole L. De La Mata, Patrick J. Kelly, Philip Masson, Emma O'Lone, Rachael L. Morton, Angela C. Webster
Summary: This study characterized the cardiovascular mortality risk in patients with kidney failure across different treatment modalities. The results showed that cardiovascular death remains common in patients with kidney failure, despite improvements over time.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sk Masum Billah, Nazia Binte Ali, Abdullah Nurus Salam Khan, Camille Raynes-Greenow, Patrick John Kelly, Md Shahjahan Siraj, Sufia Askari, Purnima Menon, Shams El Arifeen, Michael John Dibley, Phuong Hong Nguyen
Summary: Malnutrition during pregnancy has negative effects on maternal health and child development. The quality of nutrition service delivery during antenatal care is suboptimal, with only 15% of pregnant women receiving all recommended services.
Letter
Immunology
Subarna Barua, Jianfa Bai, Patrick John Kelly, Gregg Hanzlicek, Lance Noll, Calvin Johnson, Ji-Hang Yin, Chengming Wang
Summary: Knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for control policies. A newly developed RT-FRET-PCR method can detect all strains and identify the Delta variant without the need for sequencing. This method can provide data on the Delta variant in diagnostic laboratories worldwide.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Transplantation
James A. Hedley, Patrick J. Kelly, Karen M. J. Waller, Imogen K. Thomson, Nicole L. De la Mata, Brenda M. Rosales, Kate Wyburn, Angela C. Webster
Summary: This study analyzed the misclassification of cancer risk in a cohort of potential deceased organ donors and proposed potential strategies for improvement. The use of decision support, real-time data linkage, and increased risk tolerance could reduce missed donation opportunities and excess-risk donors.
TRANSPLANTATION DIRECT
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Brenda M. Rosales, Nicole De La Mata, Claire M. Vajdic, Patrick J. Kelly, Kate Wyburn, Angela C. Webster
Summary: Cancer mortality is higher in people undergoing dialysis, especially in those on hemodialysis, and women on dialysis have a higher risk of cancer mortality compared to men.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Surgery
James A. Hedley, Patrick J. Kelly, Angela C. Webster
Summary: Pancreas-kidney transplant provides better outcomes in terms of transplant and overall survival compared to deceased donor kidney alone for type 1 diabetics. Living donor kidneys may perform just as well as pancreas-kidney transplant if waiting times are short.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Karen M. J. Waller, Nicole L. de la Mata, Kate R. Wyburn, James A. Hedley, Brenda M. Rosales, Patrick J. Kelly, Vidiya Ramachandran, Karan K. Shah, Rachael L. Morton, William D. Rawlinson, Angela C. Webster
Summary: This study aimed to determine the burden of notifiable infectious diseases among solid organ recipients in New South Wales, Australia from 2000 to 2015. The study found that influenza was the most common infection among transplant recipients, followed by salmonellosis and pertussis. The incidence of influenza and invasive pneumococcal disease was significantly higher in transplant recipients compared to the general population, with some mortality. Additionally, transplant recipients also had higher incidence of other infectious diseases.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Economics
Nazim Bhimani MBiostat, Geoffrey Y. M. Wong, Charles Molloy, Mbathio Dieng, Patrick J. Kelly, Thomas J. Hugh
Summary: This paper systematically reviews the direct costs of colorectal cancer treatment at different phases and finds significant variations in costs. The initial and end of life phases contribute the most to the costs, while the continuing phase contributes the least. These costs impose a heavy burden on healthcare providers, patients, and their families.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel B. Cutting, Angela C. Webster, Nicholas B. Cross, Heather Dunckley, Ben Beaglehole, Ian Dittmer, John Irvine, Curtis Walker, Merryn Jones, Melanie Wyld, Patrick J. Kelly, Kate Wyburn, Nicole L. de la Mata
Summary: This study aims to create a linked data platform to investigate the equity of health service delivery for kidney failure patients in New Zealand. By using patients' National Health Index numbers, existing registry and administrative health databases can be linked to study kidney waitlist dynamics, the impact of mental illness on accessing kidney transplantation, and health service use of living kidney donors. The study provides an opportunity to examine equity in health care delivery and health outcomes in New Zealand and inform future service planning.
Article
Immunology
Sirinya Teeraananchai, Matthew Law, David Boettiger, Nicole De la Mata, Nikhil Gupte, Yun-ting Lawrence Chan, Thach Ngoc Pham, Romanee Chaiwarith, Penh Sun Ly, Yu-Jiun Chan, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Suwimon Khusuwan, Fujie Zhang, Evy Yunihastuti, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Sanjay Pujari, Iskandar Azwa, I. Ketut Agus Somia, Junko Tanuma, Rossana Ditangco, Jun Yong Choi, Oon Tek Ng, Cuong Duy Do, Yasmin Gani, Jeremy Ross, Awachana Jiamsakul
Summary: Viral load (VL) testing remains challenging in HIV treatment programs in Asia. This study assessed the association between routine VL testing and virological failure (VF) and identified factors associated with switching to second-line therapy. The results showed that PLHIV from non-routine VL sites had a higher incidence of VF and a lower rate of switching to second-line therapy compared to routine VL sites.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Melanie L. L. Wyld, Nicole L. L. de la Mata, James Hedley, Siah Kim, Patrick J. J. Kelly, Angela C. C. Webster
Summary: A population-based cohort study on children with kidney failure in Australia and New Zealand found that most children either received a kidney transplant after initiating dialysis or underwent preemptive kidney transplantation. Older age at kidney failure was associated with increased life expectancy, but more years were spent on dialysis than with a functioning transplant. The number of years of life lost ranged from 16 to 32, with female patients and those who developed kidney failure at a younger age experiencing the greatest loss.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer Susan Lees, Nicole L. De La Mata, Michael K. Sullivan, Melanie L. Wyld, Brenda M. Rosales, Rachel Cutting, James Alan Hedley, Elaine Rutherford, Patrick Barry Mark, Angela C. Webster
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether adding kidney function biomarkers based on creatinine, cystatin C or a combination of the two could improve risk stratification for stroke and major bleeding, and whether there were sex differences in the additive value of these biomarkers. The results showed that eGFR(Cys) was more strongly associated with ischemic stroke than eGFR(Cr), especially in women. eGFR(Cys) and eGFR(Cr-Cys) were more strongly associated with major bleeding and all-cause mortality than eGFR(Cr) in both men and women. Therefore, enhanced measurement of cystatin C may improve risk stratification and clinical treatment decisions for ischemic stroke and major bleeding, particularly in women.
EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL
(2023)