Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chia-Jen Tsai, Cheng-Feng Tsao
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients who switched from DPP-4 inhibitors to GLP-1 receptor agonists. The results showed that there was a significant reduction in HbA1c levels after initiating GLP-1 RAs in both DPP-4 inhibitor users and non-users. Non-users of DPP-4 inhibitors had a greater reduction in HbA1c levels compared to users, indicating better glucose control.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Heeyoung Lee, Se-Eun Park, Eun-Young Kim
Summary: Research has shown that SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists can reduce glycemic variability and may be alternative treatments for diabetes patients, contributing to reductions in MAGE and MBG levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dora Bianka Balogh, Laszlo Jozsef Wagner, Andrea Fekete
Summary: Metabolic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus (DM), are significant global public health concerns. Standard-of-care therapies for DM have not effectively reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death among diabetic patients. Recent clinical trials have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists can improve cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 DM patients, indicating a paradigm shift in DM management to focus on cardiovascular outcomes as well as glycemic control. The mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of these drugs, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis, are still not fully understood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Joao Sergio Neves, Marta Borges-Canha, Francisco Vasques-Novoa, Jennifer B. Green, Lawrence A. Leiter, Christopher B. Granger, Davide Carvalho, Adelino Leite-Moreira, Adrian F. Hernandez, Stefano Del Prato, John J. V. McMurray, Joao Pedro Ferreira Md
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with or without SGLT2 inhibitors. The results showed that GLP-1 RAs reduced cardiovascular events independently of SGLT2 inhibitor use, suggesting that the combination of GLP-1 RAs with SGLT2 inhibitors may further reduce cardiovascular risk.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hideki Kitaura, Saika Ogawa, Fumitoshi Ohori, Takahiro Noguchi, Aseel Marahleh, Yasuhiko Nara, Adya Pramusita, Ria Kinjo, Jinghan Ma, Kayoko Kanou, Itaru Mizoguchi
Summary: GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors are effective in treating type 2 diabetes, but they may impact bone metabolism by enhancing bone marker expression and improving bone density. Furthermore, they have been reported to suppress chronic inflammation and reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines, leading to decreased inflammation-induced bone resorption.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kohei Kaku, Takashi Kadowaki, Yutaka Seino, Taro Okamoto, Masayoshi Shirakawa, Asako Sato, Edward A. O'Neill, Samuel S. Engel, Keith D. Kaufman
Summary: Adding ipragliflozin 50 mg once daily to sitagliptin 50 mg once daily monotherapy significantly improved glycemic control and was generally well tolerated in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yutaka Seino, Kohei Kaku, Takashi Kadowaki, Taro Okamoto, Asako Sato, Masayoshi Shirakawa, Edward A. O'Neill, Samuel S. Engel, Keith D. Kaufman
Summary: In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, adding sitagliptin to ipragliflozin monotherapy provided significant improvement in glycemic control and was generally well tolerated.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ting-Wei Lee, Ting-I. Lee, Yung-Kuo Lin, Yao-Chang Chen, Yu-Hsun Kao, Yi-Jen Chen
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation, with complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Antidiabetic drugs may have therapeutic potential for atrial fibrillation, but clinical investigations in diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation are currently lacking and inconclusive.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Nasr E. Nasr, Kadry M. Sadek
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a global disease with various complications. The gut may release a pancreatic stimulant in response to nutritional ingestion. Researchers have been exploring the use of incretins to treat diabetes.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
A. Young Sim, Sumit Barua, Jong Youl Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Jong Eun Lee
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, and has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathophysiological relationship between the two diseases involves factors such as amyloid plaques accumulation and oxidative stress, with potential therapeutic drugs including DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuta Suzuki, Hidehiro Kaneko, Akira Okada, Hidetaka Itoh, Satoshi Matsuoka, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Kentaro Kamiya, Atsuhiko Matsunaga, Junya Ako, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study compared the cardiovascular risk differences among individual sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). The results showed no significant differences in the risks of developing heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and atrial fibrillation among different SGLT2 inhibitors.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
James Heyward, Jacob Christopher, Sudipa Sarkar, Jung-Im Shin, Rita R. Kalyani, G. Caleb Alexander
Summary: From 2015 to 2019, there was a slight decrease in ambulatory diabetes visits in the United States, with a decline in metformin monotherapy and an increase in the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors as first-line therapies. Second-line therapy saw decreases in DPP-4 inhibitors and sulphonylureas, while SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists increased in use.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Juris J. Meier, Daniel R. Quast, Michael A. Nauck, Nina Schenker, Carolyn F. Deacon, Jens J. Holst, Leona Plum-Morschel, Christoph Kapitza
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effect of renal impairment on incretin metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin. Results showed that treatment with linagliptin increases intact incretin levels in patients with T2DM, regardless of renal function, and is well tolerated overall.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masaru Kitazawa, Takashi Katagiri, Hiromi Suzuki, Satoshi Matsunaga, Mayuko Yamada, Tomoo Ikarashi, Masahiko Yamamoto, Kazuo Furukawa, Midori Iwanaga, Mariko Hatta, Kazuya Fujihara, Takaho Yamada, Shiro Tanaka, Hirohito Sone
Summary: This study compared the long-term efficacy of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as second-line drugs in patients not at high risk of ASCVD. The results showed no significant difference in achieving the primary endpoint at 52 weeks, but sitagliptin had a higher HbA1c reduction rate at 24 weeks.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carla Pelusi
Summary: Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus often lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men. The primary factors contributing to this hormonal imbalance include central or visceral obesity and inflammation. New antidiabetic drugs have shown promising results in improving gonadal function in patients with hypogonadism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Harshal Deshmukh, Shahzad Akbar, Amira Bhaiji, Yamna Saeed, Najeeb Shah, Kazeem Adeleke, Maria Papageorgiou, Stephen Atkin, Thozhukat Sathyapalan
Summary: This study found that some women with PCOS have higher levels of androgens, which increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Higher levels of androstenedione and FAI are associated with a higher siMS, while higher DHEAS levels are associated with a lower siMS.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Habib Yaribeygi, Mina Maleki, Fatemeh Nasimi, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Fatima C. Stanford, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: The epicardial adipose tissue, known as the adipose tissue surrounding the myocardium, can cause cardiovascular problems through various mechanisms. Controlling its volume and thickness, especially in diabetic patients, is crucial. Incretin-based drugs, as newly developed antidiabetics, have the potential to reduce cardiovascular risks by regulating epicardial adiposity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of incretin-based drugs on both physiological and pathological epicardial adiposity.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bahador Bagheri, Habib Yaribeygi, Erfan Taherifard, Azita Hajhossein Talasaz, Haleh Bagheri, Mahboubeh Darban, Reza Tabrizi, Siamak Najafi, Mahmoud Khodadost, Maryam Akbari
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have shown promise as new medications for cardiovascular and kidney diseases, in addition to their approved use for type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying these new benefits are not fully understood.
FUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Habib Yaribeygi, Mina Maleki, Stephen L. Atkin, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: Autophagy is a dual process that can promote cell survival and efficiency in normal conditions but become pathological in disease states such as diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia induces aberrant autophagy and leads to cellular death, which is a major underlying cause of diabetes-related complications. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are newly introduced antidiabetic drugs that may have additional benefits beyond glycemic control, but their effect on autophagy remains unclear. This review aims to elucidate the potential effects of SGLT2is on autophagy.
CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abu Saleh Md Moin, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Alexandra E. E. Butler, Stephen L. L. Atkin
Summary: This study found that obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit a hypercoagulable state, which may be driven by obesity rather than being an intrinsic facet of PCOS. This suggests that obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation play important roles in PCOS.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Habib Yaribeygi, Mina Maleki, Stephen L. Atkin, Prashant Kesharwani, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: COVID-19 is a systemic inflammatory disorder, and patients with underlying chronic inflammatory diseases like diabetes mellitus are at high risk of severe complications. Preventing or suppressing inflammation is crucial in diabetic patients. Sodium-glucose cotransporters-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are new anti-diabetic drugs with hypoglycemic effects and potential anti-inflammatory properties. Although there is no direct data in diabetic patients with COVID-19, evidence suggests that SGLT2i can reduce systemic inflammation and the cytokine storm effect through various cellular mechanisms. This review aims to categorize and describe the molecular and cellular pathways by which SGLT2i exert anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic patients with COVID-19.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elham Aminifar, Haleh Sadat Tavakkol Afshari, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Mitra Abbasifard, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: This review discusses the efficacy of statin therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Current evidence suggests that statins have immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties, significantly reducing disease activity and inflammatory response in RA patients. Statin treatment also reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in RA patients, and discontinuation of statins is associated with an increased CVD risk. The combined effect of statins on improving vascular function, lowering lipid levels, and reducing inflammation is responsible for the decreased all-cause mortality in statin users. Further clinical studies are needed to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of statins in RA patients.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Habib Yaribeygi, Mohammad Amin Hemmati, Fatemeh Nasimi, Mina Maleki, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Ivan Reiner, Zeljko Reiner, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: Diabetic nephropathy involves oxidative stress as one of the main pathologic mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on oxidative stress and renal function in diabetes. Results showed that empagliflozin improved renal function by reducing urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels, increasing antioxidant capacity, and reducing oxidative damage.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Edwina Brennan, Alexandra E. Butler, Manjula Nandakumar, Daniel S. Drage, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Stephen L. Atkin
Summary: This study examined the association between organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and vitamin D deficiency. The results showed a correlation between OCPs and vitamin D-3, as well as the active metabolite 1,25-dihydrovitamin D-3. The study also suggested that OCP effects may be enhanced in cases of vitamin D deficiency.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seyed Ali Seyedinia, Parnia Tarahomi, Davood Abbarin, Katayoun Sedaghat, Ali Rashidy-Pour, Habib Yaribeygi, Abbas Ali Vafaei, Payman Raise-Abdullahi
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effects of saffron extract and crocin on brain oxidative stress and behavioral, motor, and cognitive deficits in an animal model of autism. The results showed that saffron and crocin can alleviate behavioral abnormalities, reduce brain oxidative stress levels, and hold promise as herbal-based pharmacological treatments for individuals with autism.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Harshal Deshmukh, Maria Papageorgiou, Liz Wells, Shahzad Akbar, Thomas Strudwick, Ketki Deshmukh, Salvatore Giovanni Vitale, Alan Rigby, Rebecca V. Vince, Marie Reid, Thozhukat Sathyapalan
Summary: A comparison study found that a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) resulted in greater weight loss and more pronounced improvements in body composition, hyperandrogenaemia, and metabolic markers in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to a moderate energy deficit approach.
Article
Cell Biology
Alexandra E. Butler, Abu Saleh Md Moin, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Stephen L. Atkin
Summary: This study compared complement system factors in obese, insulin-resistant PCOS patients with nonobese, non-insulin-resistant PCOS patients. The results showed that the alternative complement pathway was upregulated in both groups, but more pronounced in the obese PCOS group. The upregulation of complement factors was counterbalanced by upregulation of complement inhibitors, suggesting that PCOS may amplify the activation of complement pathways in response to cardiovascular events or infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manjula Nandakumar, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Alexandra E. Butler, Stephen L. Atkin
Summary: Oxidative stress, heat shock proteins, and vitamin D levels may be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, the levels of oxidative stress proteins and heat shock proteins were measured in non-obese, non-insulin resistant women with PCOS and control women. The results showed that only esterase D was elevated in PCOS, while other oxidative stress proteins and heat shock proteins were not elevated. Vitamin D levels were not correlated with any of the proteins.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hossein Amini, Mohammad Meskarpour-Amiri, Mahboobeh Sadat Hosseini, Mohammad Farjami, Sara Ashtari, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between metabolic control factors, socio-demographic characteristics, personality traits, and self-perceived health status in diabetes. The results showed that female gender, age > 60 years, comorbidities, DM complications, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic ulcer were associated with a poor health status. However, regular physical activity and a healthy nutritional diet were associated with a higher likelihood of a good self-perceived health status.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Mohammed Altigani Abdalla, Najeeb Shah, Harshal Deshmukh, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Linda Ostlundh, Rami H. Al-Rifai, Stephen L. Atkin, Thozhukat Sathyapalan
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in reducing androgen hormones in women with PCOS. The results indicated that metformin, oral contraceptive pill, dexamethasone, flutamide, and rosiglitazone were associated with a significant reduction in biochemical hyperandrogenemia in these women.
ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yuwen Zhu, Yan Guo, Yujia Xue, Anqi Zhou, Ying Chen, Yifei Chen, Xiulian Miao, Fangqiao Lv
Summary: BRG1 plays an important role in HSC-myofibroblast transition and targeting it could be a reasonable strategy for liver fibrosis intervention.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Liu Ye, Beibei Liu, Jingling Huang, Xiaolin Zhao, Yuan Wang, Yungen Xu, Shuping Wang
Summary: Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a significant prooncogenic factor that is strongly associated with the malignant progression and clinical prognosis of various cancers. DCLK1 plays important roles in stem cell marker regulation, tumor cell reprogramming, and immune evasion. However, the exact biological functions of DCLK1, especially the disparities between its alpha- and beta-form transcripts in cancer progression, remain ambiguous.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jiahui Yang, Xiaoyu Chen, Tianjing Liu, Yongyan Shi
Summary: This article reviews the role of bile acids in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and their potential therapeutic value. The dysregulation of bile acids is associated with intestinal injury, and inflammatory factors in the liver also play a crucial role in regulating bile acid transport. The bile acid metabolic pathway is important for regulating intestinal microbiota, cell proliferation, and barrier protection.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhenzheng Zhu, Yuemiao Xu, Yuwei Xia, Xinru Jia, Yixin Chen, Yuyue Liu, Leyin Zhang, Hui Chai, Leitao Sun
Summary: Bile acid, as the final product of cholesterol breakdown, plays a complex regulatory and signaling role in human metabolism. Research suggests that it has the potential to enhance metabolism and regulate chronic metabolic diseases through various pathways. The interaction between bile acid and gut microbiota is also of great significance.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xin He, Hong-Xu Zhou, Xian Fu, Kai-Di Ni, Ai-Zhi Lin, Ling-Tong Zhang, Hou-Hua Yin, Qing Jiang, Xue Zhou, Yi-Wen Meng, Jun-Yan Liu
Summary: DON exposure causes an increase in deoxycholic acid (DCA), which contributes to intestinal injury. DCA may be a potential therapeutic target for DON enterotoxicity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhitao Wang, Heng Ma, Abdul Nasir, Sufang Liu, Zhisong Li, Feng Tao, Qian Bai
Summary: This study reveals the involvement of TET1-mediated epigenetic regulation in chronic TMJ pain through trigeminal TNF alpha signaling.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lu Yu, Hao Ran, Yaru Lu, Qian Ma, Huan Huang, Weibin Liu
Summary: This study found that the HIF-1 alpha inhibitor BAY 87-2243 can alleviate the symptoms of the Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG) inflammation model. BAY 87-2243 can restore the balance of CD4(+)T cell subsets, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and act as both an immune imbalance regulator and anti-inflammatory.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alex Peralvarez-Marin, Montse Sole, Judith Serrano, Alice Taddeucci, Belen Perez, Clara Penas, Gemma Manich, Marcel Jimenez, Pilar D'Ocon, Francesc Jimenez-Altayo
Summary: This study provides the first evidence that TRPV2 channels may modulate vascular tone by balancing opposing inputs from the endothelium and smooth muscle, leading to net vasodilation. The amplification of TRPV2 channel-induced activity by NO emphasizes the pathophysiological relevance of these findings.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Amin Ullah, Jing Zhao, Jiakun Li, Rajeev K. Singla, Bairong Shen
Summary: Gastric cancer is the fifth-most prevalent and second-most deadly cancer worldwide. Late onset of symptoms makes early detection important. CXC chemokines play an important role in the pathological process of gastric cancer, but their exact role in diagnosis and prognosis is not fully understood. Inhibiting CXC chemokines shows promise as a targeted therapy.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Menna S. Zeyada, Salma M. Eraky, Mamdouh M. El-Shishtawy
Summary: The current study demonstrates the prophylactic and antifibrotic effects of Trig against BLM-induced PF by targeting multiple signaling pathways. The combination of Trig and Pirf may be a promising approach to enhance Pirf's anti-fibrotic effect.
