Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Karina Gibert, Aida Valls
Summary: This paper describes a proposal from a gender commission in Catalonia to create a gender working group aimed at bridging the gender gap in the field of artificial intelligence. The main objectives of the proposal are to encourage girls to study and work in AI, and the paper presents a methodological framework and key actions to achieve these objectives. The paper also showcases successful initiatives and activities conducted by the group in engaging girls in technology and AI.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SangMin Kim, Sun Kim, Sue X. Wang, Ruhi Kanwar, Darren S. Bryan, Raphael Bueno, M. Blair Marshall
Summary: According to the 2019 workforce report by the STS Thoracic Surgery Practice and Access Task Force, there are gender-based differences in the income of cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States. This study analyzed the 2019 Medicare payment data and found a gender-based payment gap among cardiothoracic surgeons.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zheng-wei He, Chao Wang, Yong Li, Awang Danzeng, Fu-bin Liu, Yuan Zhu, Jia-yu Shi, Pingcuo Ciren, Xiao-yin Yuan, Cheng-xian Wu, Run-hu Lan, Bin-hao Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the proportion and distribution of female HPB surgeons in China. It finds that the majority of female HPB surgeons are located in first or second-tier cities, and there has been an increasing number of new female surgeons entering the field since 2005. Despite no significant difference in academic backgrounds, female HPB surgeons start their careers at an earlier age and take longer to obtain chief titles. Interestingly, female HPB surgeons perform laparoscopic complex HPB cases at a similar rate to their male counterparts and are more likely to specialize in endoscopic surgery.
Article
Surgery
Alexander Langerman, Kathleen Brelsford, Catherine Hammack-Aviran
Summary: Surgeons consider factors such as first-hand observation, challenging anatomy or structures, and potential severe consequences for the patient when determining the critical portions of a procedure. They also take into account contextual factors related to the patient, trainee, surgeon, and team. These consistent themes can be used to set a minimum standard for criticality in specific procedures and guide surgeons in their day-to-day decisions.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexandra Onyiego, Jennifer S. Davids
Summary: The concept of equity ensures equal outcomes for individuals by providing them with the necessary environment, treatment, and resources. Equity is crucial for promoting diversity and inclusion among physicians. This article focuses on identifying key barriers that women surgeons face in achieving equity in their professional setting. It explores inadequate representation, gender bias, microaggressions, and sexual harassment as continuing threats to gender equity and suggests constructive ways to mitigate these effects.
CLINICS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Rose S. Maisner, Joshua B. Cadwell, Priya A. Mansukhani, Alexandra Naides, Claudia Siniakowicz, Parisorn Thepmankorn, Lauren Zingaro, Vaishali Ravikumar, Haripriya S. Ayyala
Summary: This study compares the academic productivity of male and female integrated plastic surgery residents, and finds that they currently have similar levels of productivity. This suggests a trend of increasing female representation in academia, representing a shift from previous gender inequality trends in plastic surgery.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andrew S. Miller, Kathryn Boyce, Benjamin Box, Matthew D. Clarke, Sarah E. Duff, Niamh M. Foley, Richard J. Guy, Lisa H. Massey, George Ramsay, Dominic A. J. Slade, James A. Stephenson, Phil J. Tozer, Danette Wright
Summary: This review provides evidence-based guidelines for the management of emergency colorectal conditions, with 122 recommendations included. It aims to serve as a practical resource for clinicians in Great Britain and Ireland.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yu-Ting Van Loon, Rosa Jimenez Rodriguez, Deborah S. Keller, Argyrios Ioannidis, David D. E. Zimmerman, Peter Christensen, Gabriela Moslein
Summary: The study showed significant disparities in female representation within the European Society of Coloproctology, with fewer women attending the conference, serving as speakers, session chairs, and committee members compared to men. Results from the online survey indicated that fewer women felt equally supported within the society, highlighting the need for greater awareness of these disparities and inclusiveness.
DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Jennie C. Parnham, Charlotte Vrinten, Hazel Cheeseman, Laura Bunce, Nicholas S. Hopkinson, Filippos T. Filippidis, Anthony A. Laverty
Summary: This study found that despite the UK's regulations to restrict youth access to tobacco and nicotine e-cigarettes, there have been no significant changes in adolescents' awareness of and access to these products over the past few years. Therefore, the UK needs to reinforce policies on advertising, promotion, and sale of tobacco and e-cigarettes to deter use among children and adolescents.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hawa M. Ali, Stellina Y. H. Lee, Farizeh Jashek-Ahmed, Amina Seguya, Erynne Faucett, Jenna Van Beck, Emma Stapleton, Shazia Peer, Inna A. Husain, Joshua Wiedermann, Valerie Salano
Summary: This study explores the impact of female sex on the experiences of trainees and surgeons in otolaryngology from low- and high-income countries. The results show that women in both low- and high-income countries have similar experiences in dealing with patients, working with ancillary staff, pregnancy-related issues, imposter syndrome, difficulties in job search, and unique barriers as consultants.
Article
Surgery
Kerry M. Lindquist, C. Ann Vitous, Lesly A. Dossett, Reshma Jagsi, Dana A. Telem
Summary: The study highlights the need for more comprehensive understanding of conflict resolution methods in the workplace, particularly for women surgeons. Recommendations include direct conflict resolution, transparent reporting processes, greater opportunity to address complaints, explicit policies for recurring conflicts, and separating interpersonal complaints from patient safety reporting mechanisms. Continued institutional efforts are necessary to mitigate inequities against women surgeons.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Meganne N. Ferrel, Eleanor F. Gerhard, Christine M. Johnstad, Kristin Nesbitt, Sara J. Pereira, Amy G. Fiedler
Summary: This study examines the career pathway and trajectory of female adult cardiac surgeons and finds that women remain a small minority in this field and the gender gap widens. The study reveals that the average number of years in practice for female adult cardiac surgeons is 13.1, with only 25.4% of all female cardiothoracic diplomates categorized as adult cardiac surgeons, while 37.9% are in other subspecialty practice. It also highlights that 33.3% of female adult cardiac surgeons practice privately while the rest are in academic practice.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Kaitlin Morte, Christopher Marenco, Daniel Lammers, Mia DeBarros, Jason Bingham
Summary: Despite the large number of female medical students, they are under-represented in the field of general surgery. However, in military general surgery applicants, there has been an increase in the proportion of females applying and matching, which will contribute to military medicine with more female surgeons.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kinan Bachour, Shayne E. Dodge, Stephen Kearing, Pamela S. Douglas, Sandra Wong, Megan Coylewright
Summary: Over the past 20 years, there have been significant differences in the representation of women in the academic career pipeline among four medical specialties. Oncology and gastroenterology have experienced larger increases, with projections of reaching sex parity in the near future, while cardiovascular medicine and general surgery have seen slower progress.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Sara B. Hobday, Maria Armache, Ariel S. Frost, Joseph Lu, Emma De Ravin, Rabie M. Shanti, Hossein E. Jazayeri, Jason G. Newman, Robert M. Brody, Steven B. Cannady, Mark K. Wax, Leila J. Mady
Summary: This study found no gender-based differences in the training or practice patterns of microvascular surgeons who perform head and neck reconstruction. However, significant differences were identified in terms of childbearing, family structure, geographic practice location, and motives for switching practice.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa Massey, Muhammed Rafay Siddiqui, Shalini Shirazi, Catherine Hayes, Yitka Graham, Stella Vig
Summary: This study explores the issues of equality and equity that UK junior doctors face in achieving work-life balance, providing important insights and implications for addressing these issues in postgraduate training.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Correction
Surgery
Francesco Pata, Marcello Di Martino, Mauro Podda, Salomone Di Saverio, Benedetto Ielpo, Gianluca Pellino
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Ajaz Shweta, Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi, Ajaz Hussain, Zaireen Fatima, Kriti Sharma, Sonu Khanka, Ravi Prakash, Divya Singh, Chandkiram Gautam
Summary: Machinable glass ceramics have gained significant attention in recent years due to their improved mechanical and therapeutic performances. In this study, SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-K2CO3-CaO-MgF2 glass and glass ceramics doped with La2O3 were synthesized and their physical, optical, morphological, mechanical, and biological properties were investigated. The results showed that La2O3 had a significant impact on the properties of the glass and glass ceramics.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Correction
Surgery
A. M. El-Sharkawy, N. Tewari, R. S. Vohra, CholeS Study Grp, West Midlands Res Collaborativ
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zaireen Fatima, Chandkiram Gautam, Shweta, Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi, Rajat Kumar Mishra
Summary: A glassy system (40SiO(2)-35H(3)BO(3)-(25-x)PbO-xP(2)O(5)) was fabricated with increasing concentration of P2O5, and spectroscopic studies showed that the doping of P2O5 highly affected the peak positions of the recorded spectra. The P2O5-doped lead borosilicate glasses demonstrated excellent dielectric and mechanical properties, making them potential candidates for engineering materials, energy storage devices, and insulating materials.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shiri Sherf-Dagan, Reut Biton, Rui Ribeiro, Yafit Kessler, Tair Ben-Porat, Asnat Raziel, Carina Rossoni, Hasan Kais, Rossela Braganca, Zelia Santos, David Goitein, Octavio Viveiros, Yitka Graham, Kamal Mahawar, Nasser Sakran
Summary: Gastrointestinal symptoms such as flatulence, dyspepsia, and diarrhea-like stools may occur in OAGB patients postoperatively in Israel and Portugal.
EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria Irene Bellini, Emily Deurloo, Fabrizio Consorti, Paul Elliot Herbert
Summary: There is controversy regarding the suitability of high BMI candidates accessing the transplant waitlist. This study found that obesity did not impact patient survival but affected graft function and loss.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Maria Ludovica Costanzo, Vito D'Andrea, Augusto Lauro, Maria Irene Bellini
Summary: Biliary lithiasis is a global disorder that affects 20% of the world's population, often without symptoms. It can lead to acute cholecystitis when gallbladder stones move into the common bile duct. The severity of the disease varies, with mild cases treatable with oral antibiotics and severe cases requiring specific treatment like surgery.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lynne Johnston, Kacey Jackson, Charlotte Hilton, Yitka Graham
Summary: This paper highlights the clinical reality and consequences of implementing bariatric surgery guidance in the UK, focusing on the population of patients who are assessed as not suitable for surgery. These patients are left with ineffective weight-loss approaches and suffer from a poor quality of life without a clear pathway to better health. The paper identifies gaps in weight management service provision and offers practical suggestions to reduce the unintended consequences of clinical guidelines.
OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Gangitano, Noelia Martinez-Sanchez, Maria Irene Bellini, Irene Urciuoli, Stefania Monterisi, Stefania Mariani, David Ray, Lucio Gnessi
Summary: Sleep is important for survival, but the time dedicated to sleep has been reduced in industrialized countries. This reduction may contribute to the increase in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Conversely, obesity is associated with sleep disorders. Understanding the physiological and molecular pathways involved in sleep regulation and metabolic homeostasis could improve metabolic health. Strategies aimed at weight loss may benefit both cardiometabolic risk and sleep quality.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ombretta Martinelli, Simone Cuozzo, Francesca Miceli, Roberto Gattuso, Vito D'Andrea, Paolo Sapienza, Maria Irene Bellini
Summary: This study compares the treatment outcomes of males and females with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and finds that females have higher risks and worse outcomes after surgery. The current single threshold for surgical intervention may not be applicable to both genders due to the higher incidence of complications and adverse results in females.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Surgery
L. H. M. Pengel, M. Kaisar, S. Benjamens, M. Ibrahim, V. Ricci, M. I. Bellini, A. C. Breithaupt-Faloppa, C. Falk, H. Maple, L. Marson, F. Ortiz, V. Papalois, D. Paredes, A. Forsberg
Summary: The European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT) conducted a survey to explore the experiences and perspectives of the transplant community regarding equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). The results showed that while about half of the respondents considered ESOT to be diverse and inclusive in its leadership and educational activities, there is a need to prioritize efforts to embed EDI across ESOT and transplantation science. These findings provide a starting point for change and guidance for future efforts to promote EDI within the transplantation community.
TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Abhishek Madheshiya, Anod Kumar Singh, Rajat Kumar Shweta, Rajat Kumar Mishra, Krishna Kishor Dey, Manasi Ghosh, Kamal K. Srivastava, Prerna Garg, Chandkiram Gautam
Summary: In this study, the physical, optical, and NMR characteristics of SrTiO3-based borosilicate glasses doped with chromium trioxide (CrO3) were investigated. Five glass samples were prepared through a rapid melt-quench technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the glasses. Various physical parameters were calculated and discussed. The infrared spectra provided insights into the vibrational modes of the glass structure, which correlated with compositional changes. Additionally, solid-state NMR spectra indicated an increased polymerization of the silicate and borate networks with decreasing SrTiO3 concentration.
BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Ombretta Martinelli, Francesca Miceli, Simone Cuozzo, Francesco Giosue Irace, Stefano Avenia, Immacolata Iannone, Ilaria Clementi, Paolo Sapienza, Maria Irene Bellini
Summary: This study assessed the impact of TIVS on limb salvage in complex civilian vascular traumas and found that TIVS can minimize revascularization time and improve the probability of limb salvage.
FRONTIERS IN SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lynne Johnston, Kacey Jackson, Charlotte Hilton, Yitka N. H. Graham
Summary: The number of adults living with obesity is increasing in the UK. Psychological support is crucial for those undergoing bariatric surgery. This study found that patients with lower levels of maladaptive external substances use, self-harm and/or suicidality, older age, lower BMI, and fewer comorbidities were more likely to proceed to surgery. Approximately two-thirds of patients in the study did not undergo surgery, possibly due to the lack of access to psychological treatment services.
