Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhen Luo, Ying Xu, Cui-Ran Gong, Yang-Qing Zheng, Zhao-Xi Zhou, Li-Ming Yu
Summary: The Ur Binder is beneficial for preparing uniform electrode slurry and forming a uniform electrode coating layer, which helps to maintain a close contact between electrochemical active materials and conductive carbon. Strong interaction between the polymer of the Ur Binder and silicon powders plays a key role in the long-term cycling performance of lithium batteries. Lithium coin cells using the Ur Binder show high capacity and excellent capacity retention, even at a high current density, which can potentially alleviate the low capacity limitations of ultraviolet curable electrodes for commercial applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Panpan Li, Caixia Ma, Yunyun Ding, Jinpeng Zhang, Hui Xu, Hongcun Bai, Hui Zhang
Summary: A novel hybrid modification method was proposed to alleviate silicon volume stress and improve cycling performance. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as inner carbon sources to disperse silicon nanoparticles and achieved conjugated N-doped carbon shell coating. Micro-molecule citric acid was used as binder to crosslink silicon particles, resulting in a high reversible specific capacity for the silicon electrode.
SOLID STATE IONICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weilong Ai, Niall Kirkaldy, Yang Jiang, Gregory Offer, Huizhi Wang, Billy Wu
Summary: In this study, an electrochemical composite electrode model was developed and validated for lithium-ion batteries with a silicon/graphite anode. The model was able to reproduce voltage hysteresis and demonstrate the interactions between graphite and silicon. This research revealed the effects of silicon additives and the impact of different composite electrodes on the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stavros X. Drakopoulos, Thomas Cowell, Emma Kendrick
Summary: Low-environmental-impact binder systems are used for graphite-SiO (x) anodes with different physical characteristics. The study investigates the relationship between mass loading, porosity, state of charge, and ohmic and charge transfer resistances. The contribution of SiO (x) to reversible capacity decreases over cycles. An empirical model is presented to describe cycle life based on porosity and mass loading. The study explores the correlation between physical and electrochemical properties for maximum cycle life and faster screening of electrode formulations.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yihong Tong, Siyu Jin, Hongyuan Xu, Jiawei Li, Zhao Kong, Hong Jin, Hui Xu
Summary: In this study, a binder, GCA13, with energy dissipation function and surface stability effect was proposed to enhance the cycle life and specific capacity of silicon anodes. The introduction of citric acid molecules with short-range functions on the long-chain guar gum effectively buffered the silicon particle pulverization caused by volume change. The Si@GCA13 anode showed high reversible capacity and remarkable cycling stability even under harsh service conditions.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiangyu Lin, Yong Wen, Jie Wang, Hongyi Shang, He Liu, Xu Xu
Summary: This study presents an efficient and facile strategy to design a three-dimensional (3D)-crosslinked binder for high-performance Si-based anodes by synergizing short chains and long chains. The short chain tannic acid (TA) with branch-like structure rich in hydroxyl groups forms multidimensional hydrogen-bonding interactions with Si surfaces, while long chains of polysaccharides facilitate large-scale bridging of components in the electrode. The in-situ cross-linking of TA and polysaccharides establishes a 3D network to release inner stress of Si particles, resulting in stable slurry, high adhesive strength, and favorable rate performance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiangxiang Wang, Kun Wang, Zefan Zheng, Zhengwei Wan, Jing Zhao, Han Li, Wei Jiang, Zhuoying Wu, Bao Chen, Yuanzhong Tan, Min Ling, Minghao Sun, Chengdu Liang
Summary: This study developed a novel inorganic binder, lithium metasilicate (LS), to address the issues of volume variation and limited Li+ diffusion ability in silicon anodes. The LS binder showed favorable compatibility with silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and improved the cycling stability and discharge capacity of the silicon anode through strong adhesion effect. The presence of Li+ transport channel within the LS binder further enhanced the Li+ diffusion ability in the silicon anode, resulting in higher discharge capacity.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fei Wang, Yuchen Wang, Zhendong Liu, Chengzhi Zhang, Linqing Li, Chong Ye, Jinshui Liu, Jun Tan
Summary: This study proposes a carbonization method to construct microsized-silicon as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The carbonized organic binder serves as both a carbon resource and a physical framework, ensuring stable electric channel and the formation of a stable solid-electrolyte interphase. The carbon binder also acts as a physical buffer and modifies surface reactivity, enabling high initial Coulombic efficiency and stable cycle performance.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qiang Zhang, Fengying Zhang, Meng Zhang, Yuxiu Yu, Shuxia Yuan, Yaodong Liu
Summary: Silicon (Si) shows promise as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity, but often faces challenges such as volume expansion and instability at the solid electrolyte interface. The synthesis of silicone-modified partially imidized polyamide acid (S-PA) as a binder for silicon-based electrodes demonstrates excellent performance and stability, making it a promising alternative to commonly used binders like PAA and PVDF.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Zhao Li, Meixia Xiao, Yue-Feng Liu, Huan-Huan Gao, Paul Braun
Summary: A Ni@TiO2@RGO electrode with a three-dimensional inverse opal structure was fabricated, achieving high discharge and charge volumetric capacities and good rate capacity. The excellent performance is attributed to the high active materials loading, efficient ion and electron pathways, and composite structure provided by the electrode preparation process involving electrodeposition, atomic layer deposition, and spray coating.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Zhang, Xiaoyu Wang, Lei Ma, Ruixian Tang, Xiao Zheng, Fangfang Zhao, Gen Tang, Yue Wang, Aimin Pang, Wei Li, Liangming Wei
Summary: The PDA-PAA composite binder with a three-dimensional network structure provides strong adhesion between active materials and the current collector, resulting in improved capacity and cycle performance of Si anodes in lithium batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bo Tang, Shenggong He, Yayu Deng, Yan Shan, Haiqing Qin, Hadia Noor, Xianhua Hou
Summary: A 3D-crosslinked binder with ultralow-content has been designed to enhance the electrochemical performance and energy density of silicon anode. This binder, synthesized using partially lithiated Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (LiCMC) as a skeleton structure and Tannic Acid (TA) as a cross-linker, is capable of tolerating the volume variation of the silicon anode and relieving the stress of silicon through multiple hydrogen bonding interaction. Experimental results demonstrate high initial Coulombic efficiency and excellent reversible capacity of the binder.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ivonne E. Monje, Nedher Sanchez-Ramirez, Silvia H. Santagneli, Pedro H. Camargo, Daniel Belanger, Steen B. Schougaard, Roberto M. Torresi
Summary: This study reports on the electrochemical evaluation of nitrogen-doped carbon/SiOC materials synthesized in situ. By adjusting the synthesis conditions appropriately, spherical NC/SiOC composite electrodes with superior performance compared to traditional graphite can be obtained.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shida Xue, Yanda Fu, Zhibo Song, Shiming Chen, Yuchen Ji, Yan Zhao, Huizhi Wang, Guoyu Qian, Luyi Yang, Feng Pan
Summary: This study adds a small amount of silicon nanoparticles during the preparation process to improve the structure of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) polymer chains, increasing the contact with SiOx and improving the performance of the SiOx electrode.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Prithwiraj Mandal, Killian Stokes, Guiomar Hernandez, Daniel Brandell, Jonas Mindemark
Summary: The use of alternative and water-soluble polymer binders, such as PVA and PAA, can improve the cycling performance of Si-based Li-ion batteries by modifying the hydroxyl groups of PVA chains. Among the binder systems investigated, PVA with the highest degree of hydrolysis demonstrated superior performance and better capacity retention compared to modified PVAs and PAA as a binder for Si anodes. The effects can be attributed to the crystallinity of the binder system, which improves electrode integrity during cycling and reduces swelling of the Si particles.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Eric Winter, Thomas J. Schmidt, Sigita Trabesinger
Summary: One of the crucial factors for metallic lithium anodes is finding a stable and safe electrolyte, as the commonly used carbonate electrolytes perform poorly. To speed up the evaluation process, potentiostatic lithium plating was investigated as a potential method for fast electrolyte suitability investigation. The correlation between lithium surface coverage and measured current response in a model carbonate electrolyte was established using scanning electron microscopy. This research may be a first step towards using potentiostatic plating as a fast and high-throughput method for investigating new electrolyte formulations for lithium metal batteries and beyond.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Yuri Surace, Fabian Jeschull, Petr Novak, Sigita Trabesinger
Summary: The mass loading of Si-graphite electrodes, when a sacrificial additive is present in the electrolyte, becomes the determining factor for battery cycle-life. The correlation between mass-loading, electrolyte additive, and binder type was investigated. It was found that a lower loading obtained by keeping slurry preparation steps unchanged resulted in a longer lifetime for some binders. However, keeping the final loading constant made the performance independent of the binder used.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammed Srout, Marco Carboni, Jose-Antonio Gonzalez, Sigita Trabesinger
Summary: Lithium-metal batteries have higher energy densities than lithium-ion batteries, but their practical use is limited by safety concerns. This study uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to analyze the EIS spectra of metallic lithium electrodes and finds that the charge-transfer impedance is a major component, strongly influenced by the native passivation layer and electrolyte properties. Asymmetry in the EIS spectra of symmetric cells is also identified when separating the contributions of the working and counter electrodes using three-electrode cells.
Article
Electrochemistry
Anna D. Khudyshkina, Andreas J. Butzelaar, Yiran Guo, Maxi Hoffmann, Thomas Bergfeldt, Mareen Schaller, Sylvio Indris, Manfred Wilhelm, Patrick Theato, Fabian Jeschull
Summary: Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) show great potential for long-term stable battery operation due to their inherent inertness and high mechanical strength, suppressing side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The study investigated the physical and electrochemical properties of SPEs based on different alkali metal ions and demonstrated their applicability in post-lithium metal batteries. The results highlighted the importance of ion transport and interfacial stability for the performance of metal-ion batteries.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Anna Smith, Pirmin Stueble, Lea Leuthner, Andreas Hofmann, Fabian Jeschull, Liuda Mereacre
Summary: Developing new electrode materials and/or electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries requires reliable electrochemical testing. In academic research, hand-made coin-type cells are typically assembled for this purpose. Their advantages include cheap and easy assembly, and the ability to prepare different configurations. Critical parameters for testing quality and the potential and limitations of cell tests in half-cell configuration are discussed. Further, a round robin test is conducted using commercial electrodes to show the influence of assembling parameters. Properly assembled coin cells exhibit a great cycle stability of >2200 cycles with 80% capacity retention, comparable to pouch-type cells.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fabian Jeschull, Hieu Quang Pham, Ahmad Ghamlouche, Pardeep K. Thakur, Sigita Trabesinger, Julia Maibach
Summary: Preparing aqueous silicon slurries in the presence of a low-pH buffer improves the cycle life of silicon electrodes due to increased reversibility of the alloying process and enhanced resilience towards volume changes. The role of the buffer during slurry preparation and the effect of buffer residues within the electrode during cycling are not yet fully understood. This study employs x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the silicon particle interface and the surface layer composition of silicon electrodes after different processing conditions. The results show that the citrate-buffer becomes part of the surface layer on Si particles, contributing to the creation of an artificial solid-electrolyte interphase during electrode preparation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fabian Jeschull, Leiting Zhang, Lukasz Kondracki, Flora Scott, Sigita Trabesinger
Summary: Rendering the solid electrolyte interphase and inter-particle connections more resilient to volume changes of the active material is a major challenge for silicon electrodes. Slurry preparation in a buffered aqueous solution has been found effective in increasing the cycle life and capacity retention of silicon electrodes. This study examined a series of carboxylic acids as potential buffers for slurry preparation, to understand their effects on the capacity retention of silicon electrodes.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Stottmeister, Leonie Wildersinn, Julia Maibach, Andreas Hofmann, Fabian Jeschull, Axel Gross
Summary: The increasing demand for electrochemical energy storage has led to the development of post-lithium battery systems. Sodium-based batteries are among the most promising new battery types. However, similar to lithium batteries, sodium batteries face issues such as parasitic side reactions and an unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). This study investigates the formation of SEI on sodium metal and reveals the crucial role of a sodium chloride layer in the formation of propylene oxide.
Article
Electrochemistry
Andreas Hofmann, Freya Mueller, Sandro Schoener, Fabian Jeschull
Summary: This study investigates the formation of dicarbonate degradation products in ethylene carbonate-based carbonate mixtures combined with lithium or potassium metal. The formation of different dicarbonate products is shown using NMR and GCMS, with the potassium surface initiating fast formation. Experiments suggest an intermolecular mechanism for dicarbonate formation. In cell tests, the electrolyte formulation with the lowest dicarbonate formation exhibits the best cell stability and lowest cell aging.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Anna D. Khudyshkina, Ulf-Christian Rauska, Andreas J. Butzelaar, Maxi Hoffmann, Manfred Wilhelm, Patrick Theato, Fabian Jeschull
Summary: This study investigates the impact of inorganic fillers on the mechanical, thermal, and ionic transport properties of PEO:KTFSI polymer electrolytes for potassium-ion batteries. The introduction of fillers improves the rheological, thermal, and cation transport properties of the composite electrolytes, resulting in higher capacity retention and longer cycle life in cell configurations.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Francesco Colombo, Marcus Mueller, Andreas Weber, Noah Keim, Fabian Jeschull, Werner Bauer, Helmut Ehrenberg
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of lithium electrolyte salts as slurry additives to achieve high solid content slurries and control slurry gelation. By studying different types of additives and their affinity towards the NMC622 surface, it was found that LiTFA has the best gelation controlling capabilities, while LiTFSI has enhanced long-term capacity retention among the additives.
Article
Electrochemistry
Anna Smith, Pirmin Stueble, Lea Leuthner, Andreas Hofmann, Fabian Jeschull, Liuda Mereacre
Summary: Reliable electrochemical testing is essential for developing new electrode materials and electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. Handmade coin-type cells are commonly used in academic research due to their low cost and ease of assembly. However, the quality of testing data is highly influenced by assembling parameters.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)