Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 222, Issue 2, Pages 273-277Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz433
Keywords
CD4 T cells; cell-mediated immunity; influenza vaccine; influenza virus
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Funding
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under CEIRS [HHSN272201400005C]
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Despite the benefits of yearly influenza vaccination, accumulating evidence suggests that diminished vaccine efficacy may be related to repeated vaccination. Although studied at the level of B-cell responses, CD4 T-cell responses have not yet been examined. In this study, we analyze CD4 T-cell responses to influenza vaccination in subjects who differ in their vaccine history. We find a striking disparity in their responses, with previously vaccinated subjects exhibiting significantly blunted CD4 T-cell responses and diminished antibody responses. These results suggest that limiting CD4 T-cell help may underlie the diminished or altered antibody responses in repeatedly vaccinated subjects.
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