Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
David Prangishvili, Ying Liu, Mart Krupovic
Summary: Portogloboviridae is a family of viruses that infect hyperthermophilic archaea, with circular DNA genomes, an outer protein shell, and an inner lipid layer. These viruses have the ability to encode mini-CRISPR arrays to compete against other co-infecting viruses.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Petar Knezevic, Evelien M. Adriaenssens
Summary: Members of the family Plectroviridae produce non-enveloped rigid rods, infect cell wall-less bacteria, replicate DNA by a rolling-circle mechanism, and release progeny without killing the host.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Francesco Di Serio, Robert A. Owens, Shi-Fang Li, Jaroslav Matousek, Vicente Pallas, John W. Randles, Teruo Sano, Jacobus Th J. Verhoeven, Georgios Vidalakis, Ricardo Flores
Summary: Members of the family Pospiviroidae have single-stranded circular RNA genomes with a rod-like or quasi-rod-like conformation, containing a central conserved region for replication in the nucleus through an asymmetric RNA-RNA rolling-circle mechanism. Unlike viroids in the family Avsunviroidae, Pospiviroidae members do not possess hammerhead ribozymes. The family Pospiviroidae includes multiple genera and more than 25 species.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
John E. Thomas, Bruno Gronenborn, Robert M. Harding, Bikash Mandal, Ioana Grigoras, John W. Randles, Yoshitaka Sano, Tania Timchenko, H. Josef Vetten, Hsin-Hung Yeh, Heiko Ziebell
Summary: Nanoviridae is a family of plant viruses with small isometric virions and multipartite, circular, single-stranded DNA genomes. Members of this family are associated with satellite-like cssDNAs, predominantly infecting legumes and Zingiberales plants, requiring a virus-encoded helper factor for transmission by aphids.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tatiana A. Demina, Mike Dyall-Smith, Matti Jalasvuori, Shishen Du, Hanna M. Oksanen
Summary: Members of the family Sphaerolipoviridae are non-enveloped tailless icosahedral virions with internal lipid membrane. They have a linear double-stranded DNA genome of about 30 kbp, with terminal repeats and proteins. The capsid has a T=28 dextro symmetry and is composed of two major capsid protein types. Spike complexes can be found at fivefold vertices. Sphaerolipoviruses infect haloarchaea in the class Halobacteria and have a narrow host range and lytic life cycle. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Sphaerolipoviridae, available at ictv.global/report/sphaerolipoviridae.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hany Anany, Padmanabhan Mahadevan, Dann Turner, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Andrew M. Kropinski
Summary: Chaseviridae family is a lytic bacteriophage infecting bacteria of Gammaproteobacteria class, with a global distribution. The virions have myovirus morphology, and the genomes are double-stranded DNA with a large single subunit RNA polymerase. However, the promoter sequences of Chaseviridae have not been identified yet.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Margo A. Brinton, Anastasia A. Gulyaeva, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya, Magda Dunowska, Kay S. Faaberg, Tony Goldberg, Frederick C. C. Leung, Hans J. Nauwynck, Eric J. Snijder, Tomasz Stadejek, Alexander E. Gorbalenya
Summary: The Arteriviridae family consists of enveloped RNA viruses that infect non-human mammals, causing diseases in some cases while remaining asymptomatic in others.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Elvira Fiallo-Olive, Jean-Michel Lett, Darren P. Martin, Philippe Roumagnac, Arvind Varsani, F. Murilo Zerbini, Jesus Navas-Castillo
Summary: The family Geminiviridae consists of viruses with single-stranded, circular DNA genomes of 2.5-5.2 kb, causing economically significant diseases mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. They infect dicot and monocot plants and are transmitted by insect vectors. Some geminiviruses are associated with DNA satellites.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jong-Geol Kim, Khaled S. Gazi, Mart Krupovic, Sung-Keun Rhee
Summary: Members of the family Thaspiviridae infect mesophilic ammonia-oxidizing archaea and their virus replication leads to growth inhibition of the host. The morphology of Nitrosopumilus spindle-shaped virus 1 resembles that of members of the families Fuselloviridae and Halspiviridae.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ralf G. Dietzgen, Andrew E. Firth, Daohong Jiang, Sandra Junglen, Hideki Kondo, Jens H. Kuhn, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Nikos Vasilakis
Summary: Nyamiviridae is a family of viruses with unsegmented, negative-sense RNA genomes. It includes genera that form monophyletic clades and have been found in various invertebrates and birds. Members of Nyavirus and Socyvirus genera produce enveloped, spherical virions.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yukiyo Sato, Massimo Turina, Sotaro Chiba, Ryo Okada, Muhammad F. Bhatti, Ioly Kotta-Loizou, Robert H. A. Coutts, Hideki Kondo, Sead Sabanadzovic, Nobuhiro Suzuki
Summary: The family Hadakaviridae consists of capsidless viruses called Hadakavirus, which have a segmented positive sense RNA genome with 10 or 11 segments. These viruses infect ascomycetous filamentous fungi. Unlike the related polymycovirids and certain encapsidated picorna-like viruses, hadakavirids lack a capsid and therefore cannot be pelleted by conventional ultracentrifugation; they are susceptible to ribonuclease in host tissue homogenates. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hadakaviridae, available at ictv.global/report/hadakaviridae.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alice K. Inoue-Nagata, Ramon Jordan, Jan Kreuze, Fan Li, Juan Jose Lopez-Moya, Kristiina Makinen, Kazusato Ohshima, Stephen J. Wylie
Summary: The Potyviridae family includes filamentous plant viruses with specific genomic features and varying host ranges. Some members of this family can cause significant disease epidemics in cultivated plants.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrew S. Lang, Marli Vlok, Alexander Culley, Curtis A. Suttle, Yoshitake Takao, Yuji Tomaru
Summary: The family Marnaviridae consists of small non-enveloped viruses with positive-sense RNA genomes ranging from 8.6 to 9.6kb. Isolates infect marine single-celled eukaryotes from diverse lineages, with some members identified through metagenomic studies of ocean virioplankton and additional unclassified viruses described in datasets from marine and freshwater environments.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Petar Knezevic, Evelien M. Adriaenssens
Summary: Members of the family Inoviridae are non-enveloped flexible filamentous bacteriophages with super-coiled, circular, positive-sense, single-stranded DNA genomes encoding 7-15 proteins. They attach to the pili of Gram-negative bacteria, replicate their DNA by a rolling-circle mechanism, and release progeny without killing the host. Phage DNA can persist extra-chromosomally or integrate into the bacterial genome.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carlos Llorens, Beatriz Soriano, Mart Krupovic
Summary: Pseudoviridae is a family of reverse-transcribing viruses with long terminal repeats (LTRs) commonly found integrated in the genomes of diverse plants, fungi and animals. They form icosahedral virus particles inside the cell, lacking an extracellular phase like most other viruses.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jens H. Kuhn, Connie S. Schmaljohn
Summary: In 1998, the first immunocompetent laboratory mouse model of Ebola virus disease was developed by Mike Bray and colleagues. Despite being considered inferior to large nonhuman primate efforts initially, this model paved the way for the establishment of panel-derived cross-bred and humanized mouse models, as well as a golden hamster model. The global shortage of commercially available large nonhuman primates may lead to an increased focus on and improvement of rodent modeling, potentially replacing nonhuman primate studies in the short term and the future.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Guillermo Dominguez-Huerta, James M. Wainaina, Ahmed A. Zayed, Alexander I. Culley, Jens H. Kuhn, Matthew B. Sullivan
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens H. Kuhn, Eugene V. Koonin
Summary: The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has recognized viriforms as a new category of virus-derived genetic elements, distinct from viruses, viroids, and satellite nucleic acids. Viriforms are former viruses that have been integrated into the genomes of cellular hosts and perform functions important for the host's life cycle. These viriforms resemble viruses in appearance but do not package their own genomes, instead transporting host genetic material. They have been found in the genomes of parasitoid wasps and prokaryotes, and recent discoveries suggest their presence in mammalian genomes. This article outlines the properties of different viriform groups and the proposed classification frameworks by ICTV.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Stuart G. Siddell, Donald B. Smith, Evelien Adriaenssens, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Bas E. Dutilh, Maria Laura Garcia, Sandra Junglen, Mart Krupovic, Jens H. Kuhn, Amy J. Lambert, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Malgorzata Lobocka, Arcady R. Mushegian, Hanna M. Oksanen, David L. Robertson, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Peter Simmonds, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Arvind Varsani, F. Murilo Zerbini
Summary: The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is responsible for the development and oversight of virus taxonomy. It approves and ratifies taxonomic proposals and maintains a list of approved virus names. The ICTV has a democratic decision-making process with approximately 180 members who vote on proposals. Taxon-specific Study Groups, comprised of over 600 scientists, provide expertise and contribute to taxonomic proposals.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Virology
Jens H. Kuhn, Steven B. Bradfute, Charles H. Calisher, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingstrom, Lies Laenen, Gustavo Palacios, Connie S. Schmaljohn, Nicole D. Tischler, Piet Maes
Summary: The official classification of viruses by the ICTV requires complete or nearly complete genome sequences to be deposited in GenBank. This requirement is fairly new, resulting in fragmented or absent genomic sequence information for many classified viruses. This poses challenges for taxon-wide phylogenetic analyses, especially for viruses with segmented genomes. To address this issue for Hantaviridae, the community is urged to provide additional sequence information for incompletely sequenced classified viruses by mid-June 2023 to prevent possible declassification.
Article
Microbiology
Carla M. Bellomo, Daniel O. Alonso, Unai Perez-Sautu, Karla Prieto, Sebastian Kehl, Rocio M. Coelho, Natalia Periolo, Nicholas Di Paola, Natalia Ferressini-Gerpe, Jens H. Kuhn, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Gustavo Palacios, Valeria P. Martinez
Summary: This study analyzed the Andes virus (ANDV) using whole-genome sequencing and identified four amino acid substitutions related to cell culture adaptation that attenuated the virus in an animal model. Additionally, three amino acid substitutions associated with efficient person-to-person transmission were identified. These findings suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphisms can be used to predict ANDV virulence and transmissibility.
Review
Agronomy
Aqleem Abbas, Zhenhao Zhang, Hongxia Zheng, Mohammad Murtaza Alami, Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei, Qamar Abbas, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, Muhammad Junaid Rao, Walid F. A. Mosa, Qamar Abbas, Azhar Hussin, Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan, Lei Zhou
Summary: Plant diseases pose a major threat to global food production. Traditional detection methods often fail during the early stages of pathogenesis, while remote sensing techniques using drones are effective for rapid identification of plant diseases. Drones play a crucial role in monitoring, detecting, and diagnosing plant pathogens, providing high-resolution data at a low cost.
Article
Microbiology
Jennifer Sword, Ji Hyun Lee, Marcelo A. A. Castro, Jeffrey Solomon, Nina Aiosa, Syed M. S. Reza, Winston T. T. Chu, Joshua C. C. Johnson, Christopher Bartos, Kurt Cooper, Peter B. B. Jahrling, Reed F. F. Johnson, Claudia Calcagno, Ian Crozier, Jens H. H. Kuhn, Lisa E. E. Hensley, Irwin M. M. Feuerstein, Venkatesh Mani
Summary: This study used CT imaging to identify abnormalities in the liver, spleen, and axillary lymph nodes that corresponded to the known clinical signs of Marburg virus disease in rhesus monkeys. The results suggest that CT imaging could be used to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness of candidate treatments.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Torsten Seuberlich, Jens H. H. Kuhn, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
Summary: We obtained the near-complete genome sequence of a novel virus, Lotschberg virus (LTBV), from a European perch metatranscriptome. Genome organization and pairwise sequence comparison indicated that LTBV represents a tentative new species and genus of the mononegaviral family Filoviridae.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Teressa M. Shaw, Sara M. Maloney, Kylie Nennig, Mitchell D. Ramuta, Andrew Norton, Rodrigo Ibarra, Paul Kuehnert, Margo Brinton, Kay Faaberg, Jens H. Kuhn, David H. O'Connor, Cody J. Warren, Adam L. Bailey
Summary: Arteriviruses, including lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), have been identified as RNA viruses related to coronaviruses. LDV is a valuable model for studying immune failure and viral persistence in immunocompetent mice. This study demonstrates that the macrophage marker CD163 is essential for LDV infection and the establishment of an immortalized cell-culture system. Additionally, LDV infection can be completely resisted in knockout mice lacking the expression of mCD163. The findings contribute to the understanding of arterivirus infection and highlight the significance of CD163 utilization in this virus family.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Evelien M. M. Adriaenssens, Simon Roux, J. Rodney Brister, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Jens H. H. Kuhn, Arvind Varsani, Tong Yigang, Alejandro Reyes, Cedric Lood, Elliot J. J. Lefkowitz, Matthew B. B. Sullivan, Robert A. A. Edwards, Peter Simmonds, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Mart Krupovic, Bas E. E. Dutilh
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Evelien M. M. Adriaenssens, Simon Roux, J. Rodney Brister, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Jens H. Kuhn, Arvind Varsani, Tong Yigang, Alejandro Reyes, Cedric Lood, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Matthew B. B. Sullivan, Robert A. A. Edwards, Peter Simmonds, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Mart Krupovic, Bas E. E. Dutilh
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Todd A. Cutts, Raymond W. Nims, Joseph R. Rubino, Julie McKinney, Jens H. Kuhn, M. Khalid Ijaz
Summary: The World Health Organization's R & D Blueprint list includes Lassa fever as a priority disease for research and development in emergency contexts. The study evaluated the virucidal efficacy of various disinfectants against LASV and found rapid and substantial inactivation of the virus.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Aqleem Abbas, Amjad Ali, Azhar Hussain, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, Muhammad Junaid Rao, Iqra Mubeen, Tahir Farooq, Fatih Olmez, Faheem Shehzad Baloch
Summary: The study aimed to examine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of various R. solani anastomosis groups (AGs) associated with legume crops. It was found that different legume crops have distinct genetic differentiation within the same AGs, but isolates within the same AGs show high sequence similarity.
Review
Virology
Mohammad Fereidouni, Dmitry A. Apanaskevich, David B. Pecor, Natalia Yu. Pshenichnaya, Gulzhan N. Abuova, Farida H. Tishkova, Yekaterina Bumburidi, Xiankun Zeng, Jens H. Kuhn, Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi
Summary: This study summarizes the status of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Asia. The risk and burden of CCHF were assessed based on case reports, antibody prevalence, and vector ticks isolation. The majority of cases were reported in Central Asia, while only China reported cases in Eastern Asia. No cases were reported in South-eastern Asia. Countries were classified into different levels based on evidence of CCHF, guiding the strengthening or establishment of CCHF surveillance systems.
