Updates in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an increasingly used mode of life support for patients with cardiac and/or respiratory failure refractory to conventional therapy. This review provides a synopsis of the evolution of extracorporeal life support in neonates, infants, and children and offers a framework for areas in need of research. Specific aspects addressed are the changing epidemiology; technologic advancements in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuitry; the current status and future direction of anticoagulation management; sedative and analgesic strategies; and outcomes, with special attention to the lessons learned from neonatal survivors. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.